ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
Murad Ali Khan1*, Humaira Inayat2,3, Haroon Khan4,5, Mohammmad Saeed4, Ikhtair Khan3 and Inayat-Ur-Rahman2
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
4Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
5Gandhara College o f Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) and its subsequent fractions were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains. With the exception of Salmonella typhi, the tested samples showed marked antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexenari. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 19 to 280 µg/ml. The crude extract and fractions were also susceptible to Candida species and Microsporium canis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for various fungi ranged from 170 to 290 µg/ml. In phytochemical analysis, the crude form and fractions of plant showed the presence of various phytochemical chemical groups like glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols and tannins. Therefore, the current findings can be attributed to these groups.
Key words: Cestrum nocturnum L., antibacterial, antifungal, phytochemicals.
Haroon Khan, Ikhtair Khan and Inayat-Ur-Rahman, Humaira Inayat, Mohammmad Saeed, Murad Ali Khan*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract on the growth of mastitis causing bacterial isolates
Masniari Poeloengan
Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science Jl. R.E. Martadinata no. 30, P. O. Box 151, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) a well known herb that was widely used as a remedy for various ailments in traditional medicine, belonged to the Zingiberaceae family. The red ginger had antibacterial properties. In the face of increasing bacterial resistance to various antibiotics and continuous efforts to look for new and safer antibacterial substances, the objective of this study was to assess the red ginger’s antibacterial potentials for treating-mastitis. Mastitis was a common milking cows’ disease that caused a tremendous economic loss to dairy farms. Several bacteria that is, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were responsible for this loss. To achieve this objective 3 x 4 factorial experiment was implemented. Three bacterial isolates that is, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. agalactiae were tested with the following each concentration of the red ginger extracts that is, 50, 25, 12.50, and 6.25%. The findings were as followed: (1) S. epidermidis was most affected by the red ginger extract, followed by S. aureus and S. agalactiae, (2) the higher the concentration of the red ginger extracts, the higher the bacterial growth inhibition effect, and (3) the growth inhibition effects of the red ginger extracts on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. agalactiae isolates were highly significantly different at < 0.0001. Therefore, the red ginger the traditional remedy was effective in controlling the three mastitis causing bacteria’s growth.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, red ginger, traditional medicine, mastitis.
Masniari Poeloengan
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibiotic drug resistance of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus in Andra Pradesh: A monitoring study
Rabbani Syed1,2*, Giri Prasad1, Farha Deeba1,2, Rani D.1 , Kaiser Jamil1,2 and Ali A. Alshatwi 3
1Department of Genetics, Bhagawan Manahir Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.
2Central Research Institute for Unani Medicine, Hyderabad, India.
3Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab(MCBRL) Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition. College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are one of the occupational biohazards that affect the health of individuals with or without predisposing factors. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with significantly higher mortality and is associated with community-acquired serious nosocomial infections because strains generally show multiple drug resistance, which limits treatment possibilities. A total of 1800 patients in the state of Andhra Pradesh were screened for the presence of Staphylococcus species and were tested for antibiotic resistance. The results indicated that among ten antibiotics used in the present study, Amikacin and Azithromycin should be the drug of choice to treat S. aureus infection. It was observed that the resistance of most of the antibiotics tested showed increased resistance with increasing age. These results suggest that clinicians should consider age as an important factor while prescribing these antibiotics.
Key words: Nosocomial, antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus.
Farha Deeba, Rabbani Syed*, Rani D, Kaiser Jamil and Ali A. Alshatwi, Giri Prasad
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sensitive and specific detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil using a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Wei Yang1,2, Lei Ji3, Li-Rong Tan2, Shi-Mo Li1, Yan Wang3, Hong-Xia Liu2*, and Yu-Ming Luo1*
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Teacher’s College, No. 111, Changjiang West, Huai’an, 223001, Jiangsu Province, China.
2Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
3Shanghai Forestry Station, Shanghai, 200072, China.
Accepted 13 January, 2019
Abstract
One pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of tmr locus for specific and sensitive detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Only the A. tumefaciens strain can produce the 236bp target fragment among the fourteen bacterial species that tested. The sensitivity of the specific PCR system was determined by a nested-PCR amplification which can numbered the copies of the template DNA. According to the results, it can give positive band when only 100 copies were in the template. The protocol was carried out for detection A. tumefaciens of twelve soil samples collected from six different gardens in Shanghai where crown gall happened. Two of the samples which collected from symptomless gardens also give the positive band. Based on the results we can make a conclusion that this pair of primers can be a useful tool in detecting A. tumefaciens, especially in detecting latent infection of this devastating pathogen.
Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
and Yu-Ming Luo*, Li-Rong Tan, Wei Yang, Shi-Mo Li, Lei Ji, Hong-Xia Liu*, Yan Wang
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic analysis of Karakul sheep breed using microsatellite markers
Shahram Nanekarani1*, Cyrus Amirinia2 and Nour Amirmozafari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Broujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Broujerd, Iran.
2Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
3Department of Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 01 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the genetic variation in Karakul sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers (MCMA2, BMS460, BM1815, OARCP26, OARFCB20, MAF64, OARAE129, BMS332, LSCV38, BM6444, BMS995, MCMA26, BMS678 and OARCP49) and all fifteen loci were amplified successfully. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples, using modified salting-out method. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed at each locus and revealed significant departure from HWE (P < 0.001) due to heterozygote excess. Parameters of variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities corroborated with the high level of variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. The fifteen tested loci were all polymorphic. Furthermore, other criteria of genetic variation including polymorphism information content (PIC) values and Shanon information index were calculated in this study. Results showed that, high level of genetic diversity was observed in Karakul breed and this breed was not at risk for conservation concept. This research has also shown that microsatellite technique is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic variation among domesticated animals.
Key words: Karakul sheep, microsatellite markers, genetic variation, polymorphism. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).
Cyrus Amirinia and Nour Amirmozafari, Shahram Nanekarani*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning, codon-optimized expression and homology modeling of structural protein VP1 from foot and mouth disease virus
Xin-sheng Liu, Yong-lu Wang*, Yong-guang Zhang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü, Peng Zhou, Zhong-wang Zhang, Cheng Qi-wei, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046,China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
Structural protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. The coding sequence of VP1was amplified and then identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. To achieve high-level expression of VP1 protein, we optimized VP1 gene base on Escherichia coli preferred codons and synthesized the optimized gene. The synthetical gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET-28a and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After induced with Isopropyl -D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and optimized the conditions of expression, the VP1 fusion protein was highly expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Based on the primary and secondary structure analysis of VP1, Three-dimensional structure of VP1 was developed by homology modeling methods. The validation of 3-D structure was done with the help of PROCHECK encompassing amino acid residues in the most favored region of almost all strains. Potential epitopes of VP1 was predicted with different methods. In this study, the VP1 protein was expressed in E. coli efficiently and highly purified VP1 was obtained, which laid a foundation of refolding and further study on activity of the protein. The VP1 model in the productive conformation can now be used for structure-based design purposes as well as structure-function relation of VP1 protein.
Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, VP1 protein, codon optimization, homology modeling.
Yong-guang Zhang, Peng Zhou, Yong-lu Wang*, Zhong-wang Zhang, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Xin-sheng Liu, Cheng Qi-wei, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü
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