ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Structural changes of DHA- containing phospholipids by K+ and Na+ cations in nerve cell membranes
N.Khodayari, F.Mollaamin , M. Monajjemi
1Ph.D Student, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Visitor Researcher, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Accepted 19 May, 2016
Abstract
Understanding the structure and dynamics of a docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) containing phospholipid monomer within membranes is essential for recognizing the bilayer function in central nervous system. It has been recognized that the electrical impulses in nerve cells arise from the movement of electrical charges in the form of ions across the plasma membrane. In this study, we have modeled a novel DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) found in a marine single cell eukaryote, “Schizochytrium sp F26-b” and we were focused on understanding the physico-chemical nature of K+ and Na+ movement toward DHA-containing phospholipid through its structural changes. To know more about the temperature dependence of the structural stability of 1-pentadecanoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn–glycerol-3-phosphocholin frequently calculations have been carried out at different biological temperatures and the plotted graphs of energy values at all employed temperatures have been analyzed. Our findings confirmed the usefulness of Quantum chemical calculations for determination of dynamics of a phospholipid and prediction of their biological activity in bio-membranes.
Key words: Docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipid, nerve cell membranes, K+ and Na+, Ab initio.
N.Khodayari , F.Mollaamin , M. Monajjemi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of extract from Plumbago zeylanica
Kantha D. Arunachalam1 , P. Velmurugan2 and R. Balaji Raja2*
1Centre for Inter Disciplinary Research, Directorate of research, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203, India.
Accepted 28 May, 2016
Abstract
Plumbago species (Family-Plumbaginaceae) are one of the most important medicinal plants which are used for anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial diseases. Our work involves the study of anti inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Plumbago zeylanica. The root of P. zeylanica extracted with methanol was used for determining the anti inflammatory effects. The methanolic extracts at 300 and 500 mg/kg produced 31.03 and 60.3% inhibition of acute inflammation, respectively, in Carrageenin induced raw paw oedema confirming that P. zeylanica roots are effective against acute inflammation. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the crude dichloromethane extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and 120 fractions were collected. Their structures were elucidated with the help of spectroscopic techniques. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the purity of gugultetrol-18-ferrulate in crude extract and the structure of betasitosterol and gugultetrol-18-ferrulate was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis (1H and 13C NMR), Infra red and mass spectroscopy. The lethal concentration (LC50) value was observed for crude extract, betasitosterol, gugultetrol-18- ferrulate and it was found to be 90, 75 and 65 ppm, respectively. The use of Plumbago species as an effective anti inflammatory agent and its cytotoxic effects have been ascertained and proved.
Key words: Plumbago zeylanica, anti inflammatory, cytotoxicity, betasitosterol, gugultetrol-18-ferrulate, high performance liquid chromatography.
P. Velmurugan and R. Balaji Raja*, Kantha D. Arunachalam
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative susceptibility of in vitro biofilm and planktonic cells of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobials
T. Mahami*, A. Adu-Gyamfi and C. Owulah
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), P. O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana.
Accepted 17 May, 2016
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of frequently used veterinary wound antimicrobials for their efficacy in killing mature in vitro Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and inhibiting planktonic cells. The predictiveness of the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay as a tool for antibiotic susceptibility testing was also assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBEC of tetracycline, tetracycline-based commercial wound spray, silver nitrate, gentian violet, iodine tincture, sucrose and a laboratory mixture of sucrose and gentian violet were determined. Whereas low concentrations of all these antimicrobials except sucrose inhibited planktonic S. aureus, only silver nitrate eradicated the biofilm phenotype. Silver nitrate at a Ag+ concentration of 4 x MIC showed 100% efficiency of removal or 7.70-log reduction of S. aureus biofilm cells, 1% gentian violet gave a significant reduction (55% or 0.35- log, P = 0.046) and 120% sucrose in gentian violet also showed a significant percentage reduction of 89.71% (0.98-log, P = 0.001). However, 120% sucrose and 2% iodine tincture reduced biofilms insignificantly (28.26% or 0.14-log, P = 0.098) and (34.78% or 0.18-log, P = 0.065), respectively. Based on the national committee for clinical laboratory brake-points, S. aureus biofilms lacked sensitivity to tetracycline and the tetracycline base wound spray. In conclusion, the antibiofilm properties of Ag+ observed in this study may improve the success rate in treating clinical biofilm-associated S. aureus wound infections if the MBEC assay is applied to select appropriate concentrations.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, biofilms, planktonic, antimicrobials, wound, infections.
T. Mahami*, A. Adu-Gyamfi and C. Owulah
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro effect of Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on mycelia formation by oral Candida albicans strains
Emira Noumi1*, Mejdi Snoussi1,2 and Amina Bakhrouf1
1Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Monastir, Tunisie.
2Laboratoire de Traitement et de Recyclage des Eaux, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole de Borj-Cédria, BP 273- Soliman 8020, Tunisie.
Accepted 15 April, 2016
Abstract
Several mechanisms can inhibit mycelium formation which is an essential step for Candida albicans virulence. In this study, two essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus were tested for their ability to inhibit the mycelium formed on Lee medium by oral C. albicans. Lee medium was added with different concentrations of M. alternifolia essential oil ranging from 0.156 to 10 mg/ml and from 0.039 to 10 mg/ml for E. globulus. The results obtained showed that 5/17 of C. albicans strains were strongly mycelium producers, nine strains were moderately mycelium producers and three isolates were unable to form hyphae after 2 h of incubation in the same medium. M. alternifolia essential oil has an antimycelial activity against C. albicans isolates than E. globulus essential oil. In fact, only 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.312 mg/ml) of M. alternifolia was able to inhibit total mycelium in C. albicans isolate while 2 MIC (0.312 mg/ml) of the second essential oil was necessary to inhibit germ tube formation in the same strain.
Key words: Candida albicans, Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, mycelium, lee medium.
Emira Noumi*, Mejdi Snoussi and Amina Bakhrouf
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Combined effects of dry matter content, incubation temperature and final pH of fermentation on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of probiotic fermented milk
Gelareh Shafiee1, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian2*, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar1, Mohammad Reza Koushki3, Abdorreza Mohammadi4 and Reza Mohammadi2
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology, The International and Virtual Branch of shahid Beheshti University of Mrdial Science, P. O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Food Technology Reseach, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University (M. C.), P. O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran. 4Payame Noor University, Arak, Iran.
Accepted 19 May, 2016
Abstract
Combined effects of milk non-fat dry matter content (4, 8 or 12%), incubation temperature (37, 40 or 44°C) and final pH of fermentation (4.2 or 4.5) on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of probiotic fermented milk (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, and yogurt bacteria) during and immediately after fermentation were investigated. Treatments containing higher dry matter contents had slower pH and redox potential decline rates, faster acidity increase rate, longer incubation time and greater final titrable acidity. Treatments fermented at higher temperatures with lower final pH displayed longer fermentation time and greater final titrable acidity. Treatments with higher dry matter non-fat contents, lower incubation temperatures and higher final pH of fermentation possessed greater viability of probiotic bacteria. The concentration of lactic acid in treatments increased in parallel with the titrable acidity and the concentration of acetic acid were proportional to the viability of bifidobacteria.
Key words: Bifidobacteria, fermented milk, Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotic, viability.
Amir Mohammad Mortazavian*, Abdorreza Mohammadi and Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar, Gelareh Shafiee, Mohammad Reza Koushki
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular prevalence for Bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in Iranian cattle population
Elahe Tajbakhsh1*, Gholamreza Nikbakht Borujeni2, Hassan Momtazan3 and Nour Amirmozafari4
1Department of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran .Tehran Iran.
2Departemant of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Gholamreza Nikbakht Borujeni, Tehran Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Hassan Momtaz, Shahrekord-Iran.
4Iran University of Medical Sciences, Nour amirmozafari, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 11 May, 2016
Abstract
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a member of the family Retroviridae, is an infectious pathogenic lentivirus in cattle. Although, BIV induced cattle infections are reported in several countries of the world, its prevalence in Iran is not clearly known. In this investigation, we report the detection of proviral DNA sequence of BIV in 300 blood samples of cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotiode primers specific for the gag gene region of the virus. Blood samples were taken from Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province. According to the PCR results, infection rate in the cattle population were 60%. This is the first report for the presence of BIV in cattle and sheep population of Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province, and the first evidence for sheep infection.
Key words: Bovine immunodeficiency virus, cattle, Chaharmahale Bakhtiary province, Iran, PCR.
Elahe Tajbakhsh*, Hassan Momtazan and Nour Amirmozafari, Gholamreza Nikbakht Borujeni
Page: 1 - 10