ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Correlation of plasmid with drug resistance of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli
Mohammad Shahriar* and Nishat Zareen Khair
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, House 73, Road 5A, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Accepted 25 August, 2018
Abstract
According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the six ESKAPE bacteria are responsible for two thirds of all health care-associated infections (HAIs) including Escherichia coli. Klebsiella species and their gram-negative cousin E. coli together accounted for 18 percent of all HAIs in 2006 to 2007, and a growing proportion of these two bad bugs carry resistance to a remarkable spectrum of antibiotics. Of the very few drugs in late-stage development, none works by a novel mechanism. The aim of our study is to correlate the plasmids with drug resistance of clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty two clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from different diagnostic centers of Dhaka and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was tested. Seven multidrug resistant isolates of E. coli were selected and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was tested before and after curing. Our study revealed that 100% of the isolates (22 isolates) were resistant to cephalexin, cephradine, oxacillin, penicillin and vancomycin. 95.45% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin and imipenem. 90.91% isolates (21 isolates) were resistant to erythromycin. 81% of the isolates (18 isolates) were resistant to amoxicillin. 72.72% (16 isolates) were resistant to co-trimoxazole, 63.64% (14 isolates) were resistant to tetracycline. 31.81% (7 isolates) were resistant to ceftriaxone and neomycin. 22.73% (5 isolates) were resistant to gentamicin and only 13.64% of the isolates (3 isolates) were resistant to chloramphenicol. There was no significant difference in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern before and after curing indicating no correlation between plasmid and drug resistance in the 7 isolates of E. coli. However, isolate number 5 which was resistant to gentamicin, neomycin and imipenem became sensitive after curing. Similarly sample number 1 became sensitive to rifampicin and imipenem and sample number 7 became sensitive to imipenem after curing.
Key words: Multi-drug resistant, Escherichia coli, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid, curing.
Nishat Zareen Khair, Mohammad Shahriar*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovars in shrimps in 4 h
K. Thirumalai Raj, G. Jeyasekaran*, R. Jeya Shakila, A. Jemila Thangarani and D. Sukumar
Department of Fish Processing Technology, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tuticorin 628 008, India.
Accepted 25 August, 2018
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) based assay was developed for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovars such as Typhi (ATCC 122235), Paratyphi A (MTCC 735), Typhimurium (MTCC 98), Enteritidis (ATCC 13065), Weltevreden (MTCC 1169) Bovismorbificians (MTCC 1162), Brunei (MTCC 1168), Arizonae (MTCC 660) and Infantis (MTCC 1167) in shrimps within 4 h of pre-enrichment. The Salmonella genus specific gene of himA gene was selected and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region was used as an internal amplification control (IAC). The genomic DNA was extracted by using boiling and centrifugation method. Sensitivity of the assay was tested by artificially inoculating the shrimp homogenate with viable cells of Salmonella. The MPCR assay could detect up to 5 cells within 4 h of pre-enrichment. Amplification of DNA extracted from other bacterial pathogens viz. Vibrio cholerae (NICED 16582), Escherichia coli (ATCC 9637) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12598) yielded negative results. This MPCR assay provides specific, rapid and reliable results and allows for the cost effective detection of serovars of S. enterica in one reaction tube in mixed bacterial communities that are prevalent in shrimp products.
Key words: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR), Salmonella enteric, himA, 16S-23S spacer region, 4 h assay.
K. Thirumalai Raj, G. Jeyasekaran*, R. Jeya Shakila, A. Jemila Thangarani and D. Sukumar
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-010, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacterial contamination: A comparison between rural and urban areas of Panipat District in Haryana (India)
Tyagi Shruti1, Tyagi Pankaj K.1*, Panday Chandra Shekhar1 and Kumar Ruchica2
1Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut UP, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, N. C. College of Engineering, Israna, Panipat Haryana, India.
Accepted 16 August, 2018
Abstract
A randomized sampling from open air of the kitchens in rural vs urban households to determine bacterial contamination of Haryana (India) were carried out by taking 80 samples between July to September 2009. 40 samples of each in rural and urban area were collected in culture plates. The inoculation procedures were varied from direct inoculation of the kitchen air into the nutrient agar medium. Identification by bacterial taxonomy key, different morphological and biochemical tests in rural households, numbers of bacteria revealed Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Paenibacillus spp. with 9 different strains and in urban households, numbers of bacteria revealed Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Micrococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. with 27 strains. Among the isolates, Salmonella spp. (80%) followed by Acinetobacter (63%), Pseudomonas putida (38%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa (30%) were observed in rural areas. In urban areas Bacillus spp. (88%), Pseudomonas spp. (75%), Micrococcus spp. (70%), Paenibacillus spp. (38%) and Acinetobacter spp. (30%) were observed. The bacteriological quality of air of kitchens in rural households was found to be more pathogenic and virulent as compared to that of kitchen in urban households. These opportunistic pathogens may be harmful, especially in immunocompromised host. In this setting, there is a constant risk of contamination and transfer to willing host. Hence, better quality of air can be achieved by manipulating sanitation and hygiene within houses, kitchens and surrounding areas.
Key words: Air of kitchens, households, bacteriological quality, sanitation and hygiene.
Panday Chandra Shekhar and Kumar Ruchica, Tyagi Shruti, Tyagi Pankaj K*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic variability and correlation analysis for quantitative traits in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)
Qurban Ali*, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir 1, Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat1, Saeed Arshad1, Jahenzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Ahsan1, Muhammad Waseem2 and Amjad Iqbal3
1Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Accepted 16 July, 2018
Abstract
The present studies were conducted to the estimation of correlation for quantitative traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the field of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the crop season 2009 to 2010. Correlation studies showed that biomass per plant, number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight were positive and significant at genotypic level but positive and highly significant at phenotypic level. Whereas number of days taken to flowering, number of days taken to maturity, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant were positively correlated with the grain yield per plant at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height was negative and non-significantly correlated with grain yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Key words: Cicer arietinum, correlation, genotypic, phenotypic, chickpea, Pakistan.
Jahenzeb Farooq, Muhammad Waseem and Amjad Iqbal, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir, Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat, Muhammad Ahsan, Saeed Arshad, Qurban Ali*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Colonization and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among farm animals in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad A. Alzohairy
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +966 5544 19292. Fax: +9666 380 2612.
Accepted 20 April, 2018
Abstract
Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additionally MRSA is widely spread in different animals. There are a growing number of MRSA cases have been reported in dogs, cats, horses, sheep, and other animals indicating the animal health treat too. To assess the frequency of MRSA among animals in Qassim region, a total of 400 samples were collected from camels, sheep, cows, and goats from 334 Staphylococci recovered, 158 (47.3%) were coagulase positive Staphylococcus, among them 90 (57%) were MRSA and 68 (43%) were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The reaming strains 176 (52.7%) were coagulase negative Staphylococcus, including 32 (18.2%) were methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 144 (81.8%) were methicillin-sensitive coagulase negative Staphylococcus. High rate of MRSA and MRCoNS were isolated from camel and sheep while lower rates were observed in goat and cow. Multi drug resistance (MDR) rate among MRSA and MRCoNS isolates was high. MRSA strains are highly prevalent among animals in Qassim region and they may play a potential role of disseminating pathogens between animal and human as well as to the community. Detection of MRSA will be essential for early prevention and control of community acquired infections.
Key words: Prevalence, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, multidrug resistance, antibiotic susceptibility.
Mohammad A. Alzohairy
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Monitoring of enteric fever and diarrhea causing bacteria in a rural setting in Nigeria
Paulinus Osarodion Uyigue1* and Kingsley Anukam2
1Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 August, 2018
Abstract
Blood and stool samples of patients attending the General Hospital Abudu, Edo State, Nigeria were analyzed to know the prevalence of enteric fever and diarrhea causing bacteria in the area in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Blood sample was collected in Robertson cooked medium and glucose broth; then subcultured on blood agar, macConkey agar,salmonella/shigella agar and nutrient agar. Widal agglutination test was also carried out on the blood samples. Stool sample was inoculated into thiosulfate bile sucrose medium, seleniteF medium and later subcultured on macConkey agar and salmonella/shigella agar. Of the patients screened, the percentage incidence of Salmonella typhi was between 17.5 and 56.5% in 2007; Salmonella paratyphi C was between 2.0 and 26.7%; Salmonella paratyphi A was between 0 and 9.4% and Salmonella paratyphi B was between 0 and 0.7%; enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was between 0 and 0.6%; neither shigella nor Vibrio cholera was isolated. In 2008 of the salmonella organisms, the incidence of S. typhi was highest with frequency of 19.7 to 54.5%, followed by S. paratyphi C: 1.0 to 12.6%; S. paratyphi A: 0 to 3.9%, and enteropathogenic E. coli was 0 to 0.8%, and in 2009, the incidence or Salmonella typhi was highest with a frequency of 2.7 to 68.3%. There was no significant difference (p>o.05) between S. typhi incidence throughout the study period. However, there was a significant difference (p<.05) between the incidence of S. typhi and other isolates. This project revealed a high rate of typhoid fever (enteric fever) caused by S. typhi in Abudu (study area). Further work should be done to identify the source or sources of infection especially their water supply as typhoid fever is a water-borne disease.
Key words: Enteric fever, incidence, prevalence, subcultured, typhoid fever.
Paulinus Osarodion Uyigue*, Kingsley Anukam
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