ISSN 2736-1756
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Photoperiodism in Digitaria exilis (Kipp) Stapf accessions
A.A. Aliero1 and J.A. Morakinyo2*
1Dept. of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
2Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted February 17, 2005
Abstract
Three varieties of Digitaria exilis namely, white mbulus, jakashale and red dapys were grown in planting chamber and the effect of photoperiod on flowering was investigated. The photoperiods were eleven, twelve and thirteen hours. Highly significant differences (p<0.01) were recorded for the number of days to flowering as affected by photoperiods. The interaction between the photoperiods and varieties was also found to be significant (p<0.01). The results also show that white mbulus is a short day plant while Jakashale is day length neutral. Jakashale could therefore be a source of useful genes for improvement of “acha” for an all year round production.
Key words: Digitaria exilis, photoperiods, flowering.
A.A. Aliero, J.A. Morakinyo*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anther culture response in indica rice and variations in major agronomic characters among the androclones of a scented cultivar, Karnal local
Bidhan Roy, Asit B. Mandal*
Biotechnology Section, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 105, India.
Accepted 16 August , 2004
Abstract
Effect of organic adjuvants, synthetic plant hormones and diverse carbon sources in influencing anther culture response in five indica rice genotypes (IR 72, Mansarovar, Taraori Basmati, Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95) were assessed. Androgenic callus induction as well as green plantlet regeneration was more when callus was induced on N6 fortified with 100 mg L-1 YE. However, coconut water (5 and 10% concentrations from Pink Dwarf variety) encouraged green plantlet regeneration only in Karnal local 95. High callus induction was observed with synthetic hormones in comparison to the control set. However, green plantlet regeneration was observed when callus induction medium (CIM) was supplemented with 2, 4-D and IBA in Taraori Basmati and Karnal local 95. Among the varieties Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 showed better callus inductions on N6 supplemented with 6% maltose. Maximum callus induction was observed in Pusa Basmati and Karnal local 95 when 6% sucrose or maltose were used as carbon source. Total plantlet regeneration was cent percent in Taraori Basmati when CIM was supplemented with maltose (6%). Maximum green plants were obtained when CIM was added with maltose (6%) for Karnal local 95. Plantlet regeneration in the present study was found to be very low. Androgenic plantlets derived from the scented indica rice, Karnal local 95, were evaluated under field condition to assess variability among segregating A2 generation. Overall mean values in respect of some major agronomic characters viz. plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%) and grain yield per plant were reduced except number of panicles per plant. High CV was observed for filled grains per panicle, grains yield per plant and number of panicles per plant suggesting the existence of high variation among the androclones for those characters. Positive selection deems to be improvising those characters. The frequency distribution for number of panicles per plant and panicle length varied largely among the androclones in both direction of the parental mean. Whereas, all the androclones were found to be shorter than the parent and low yielder too. This study elucidates that the genetic modulation through exploitation of androclonal variation is a feasible proposition in scented indica rice.
Key words: Scented rice, anther culture, androclonal variation, genetic improvement.
Bidhan Roy, Asit B. Mandal*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. I: Genetic and initiation media effects on number, quality and survival of plantlets at prenursery and early nursery stages
Baiyeri, K. P.* and Aba, S. C.
Dept. of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Accepted 17 November, 2004
Abstract
Ricehull and sawdust were evaluated as Musa sucker plantlet initiation media using five genotypes as test plants. Sword-sucker-corms whose apical dominance was physically destroyed were planted and evaluated for plantlet production during a period of about five months. The number, quality and pattern of plantlets produced and their survival were studied. Results showed that initiation media had statistically similar effects on most parameters measured. However, number of days to the emergence of the second and third plantlets was significantly (P<0.05) earlier in ricehull. Variable genotypic responses to measured traits were in most cases significant. Days to emergence of the first and fifth plantlet were shortest in ‘FHIA 17’ (a dessert banana hybrid) and longest in ‘PITA 25’ (a plantain hybrid). Emergence of the first three plantlets in landrace plantain (‘Agbagba’) was earlier than in dessert banana landrace (‘Nsukka Local’). A higher proportion of plantlets excised from landrace genotypes had roots than those from the hybrids. Similarly, higher percentage of plantlets initiated in sawdust had roots (irrespective of genotypes). Survival of plantlets varied with genotypes, initiation media and rooting status of plantlets at the time of excision. In most cases plantlets excised with roots had higher percentage of survival. However, all plantlets of ‘Nsukka Local’ initiated in sawdust but were rootless survived. Slightly higher proportion of plantlets initiated in sawdust (irrespective of rooting status) survived than those initiated in ricehull. However, evidences from the study showed that either ricehull or sawdust could be used for generating plantlets from corm of Musa species.
Key words: Musa genotypes, plantlets initiation media, survival in nursery.
K. P.* and Aba, S. C., Baiyeri
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Response of Musa species to macro-propagation. II: The effects of genotype, initiation and weaning media on sucker growth and quality in the nursery
Baiyeri K. P.
Dept. of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 26 January, 2005
Abstract
Sucker plantlets of five Musa genotypes were derived from sword-sucker-corms using ricehull and sawdust as initiation media. Plantlets initiated were transferred to three weaning/rooting media formulated with ricehull (RH), sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM). Weaning media and genotypes had significant (P<0.05) effects on most of the sucker plantlet growth parameters studied. There was variable adaptation pattern of genotypes to weaning/rooting media. RH+PM (3:1 v/v) enhanced the best sucker quality in terms of number of photosynthetically active leaves, plant height, plant girth and plant vigor in four (‘PITA 22’, ‘Agbagba’, ‘FHIA 17’ and ‘Nsukka local’) out of the five genotypes evaluated. Except ‘PITA 25’ all other genotypes had the poorest performance in SD+PM (3:1 v/v). Medium SD+RH+PM (1.5:1.5:1 v/v/v) supported good quality sucker in ‘Agbagba’, ‘FIHA 17’, ‘Nsukka Local’ and ‘PITA 25’. Percent survival in each weaning medium was influenced by genotype and the rooting status of plantlets at the time of excision. However, from the study RH+PM was adjudged the best medium for raising plantlets to vigorous suckers for field planting.
Key words: Sucker-plantlets, weaning media, genotypic responses, growth quality.
Baiyeri K. P.
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Ikram-ul-Haq
Researcher Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan. E-Mail: [email protected].
Accepted 14 July, 2004
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are fundamental to tissue culture biotechnology in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Coker 312. Callus proliferation was considered best on MS1a (2.0 mg/L NAA; 0.1 mg/L ZT; 0.1 mg/L KT) when 6 weeks old callus was cultured from MS1b (0.1 mg/L 2, 4- D; 0.5 mg/L KT) medium, there is no need to select embryogenic calli for somatic embryogenesis, as all of them were converted to somatic embryos. NH4NO3 play an important role in differentiation of callus into somatic embryos but is lethal for embryos just after two weeks. However, KNO 3 is less efficient for somatic embryo induction but is best for embryo maturation. By this procedure 56.51% cotyledenary embryos were developed within 5 weeks. Of that, 82.05% cotyledenary embryos were developed not only into normal plantlets, but rooted simultaneously when cultured on MS (with 0.05 mg/L GA3) medium. A complete plant of Cocker-312 could be regenerated through somatic embryogenesis within 4 to 5 months.
Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L,plant regeneration, Coker 312, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro regeneration.
Ikram-ul-Haq
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress
G. H. Rabie1* and A. M. Almadini2
1Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.
2General Director of Agricultural and Training Research Station, King Faisal university, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 25 February, 2005
Abstract
Through biological inoculation technology, the bacterial-mycorrhizal-legume tripartite symbiosis in saline conditions was documented and the effects of dual inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (NFB) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am) fungus Glomus clarum on the host plants (Vicia faba) in pot cultures were investigated at five NaCl levels (0.0 – 6.0 dSm-1) in irrigating water. Am faba plants showed decreases in salinity tolerance, % of mycorrhizal infection and higher accumulation of proline with increasing levels of salinity. Am infection significantly increased tolerance of salinity, mycorrhizal dependency, phosphorus level, phosphatases enzymes, nodule number, nitrogen level, protein content and nitrogenase enzymes of all salinized faba plants in comparison with control and non-Am plants either in the absence and presence of NFB. In shoot system of non-Am plants, Na+ concentration was increased while the concentrations of K+, Mg+ and Ca+ were decreased with raising salinity stress. In Am plants, K+/Na+ , Mg+/Na+ and Ca+/Na+ ratios were higher than that of non-Am plants at all salinity levels. The Na+ level in shoots of Am plants showed slight increase with raising salinity meanwhile, K+ and Ca+ concentrations showed noticeable increases especially at higher salinity levels. The results clearly showed that the inoculation of NFB to Am plants had potentiality to increase the effects of Am fungi under salinity stress. This study provides evidence for benefits of NFB to Am fungus in the protection of host plants against the detrimental effects of salt. If so, bacterial- Am-legume tripartite symbioses could be a new approach to increase the salinity tolerance of legumes plants under salinity conditions.
Key words: legumes mineral nutrition, mycorrhiza, nitrogen fixing bacteria, symbioses.
A. M. Almadini, G. H. Rabie*
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