ISSN 2736-1756
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Review
Bioprospecting and antifungal potential of chitinolytic microorganisms
Vipul Gohel, Anil Singh, Maisuria Vimal, Phadnis Ashwini and Chhatpar H.S.*
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, Gujarat, India.
Accepted 12 December, 2005
Abstract
Fungal plant diseases are one of the major concerns to agricultural food production world wide. Soil borne pathogenic fungi such as Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Phytopthora attack most of the economically important crop plants (either through seed root before germination or seedling after germination) resulting in loss of billions of dollars. Moreover, the management of chitinous waste is also pressing need today. Mycolytic enzymes (chitinases, proteases and glucanase) producing microorganisms may help in solving these problems. These microorganisms have ability to lyse the fungal cell wall and also have the potential to manage the chitinous waste by producing chitinases. Many chitinolytic microorganisms have potential to control fungal plant pathogens but they are not fully successful in all the cases due to different geological and environmental conditions. Thus, bioprospecting to find novel, highly chitinolytic microorganisms which help in developing potential biocontrol agent. Furthermore, to increase the survivability of biocontrol agents, a formulation may also be necessary. This review is focused on the progress of chitinase genes, chitinolytic microorganisms and their diversity as well as formulation of chitinolytic producers which have the potential to control fungal plant pathogens
Key words: Bioprospecting, biocontrol, chitinolytic enzymes, formulation.
Vipul Gohel, Anil Singh, Phadnis Ashwini and Chhatpar H.S.*, Maisuria Vimal
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxicity evaluation of flucycloxuron and diflubenzuron on the cellular model, Paramecium sp.
Rouabhi, R.1*, Berrebbah, H.2, and Djebar, M.R.2
1Department of Biology, University center Larbi Tebessi, Tebessa, 12000, Algeria.
2Laboratory of Cell toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of the Sciences, Annaba university, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
Accepted 11 November, 2005
Abstract
The effect of two pesticides, the diflubenzuron (DFB) and flucycloxuron (FCX) was studied on the ciliated protiste cellular model, Paramecium sp. Treatment with the DFB at 10 and 20 µg/ml reduces the growth of this protiste appreciably. The survey of the respiratory metabolism by the polarography technique (oxygen electrode) shows a sensitive inhibition of the oxygen consumption. In the case of the FCX, treatment with the two concentrations (10 and 20 µg/ml) reveals an inhibition of the ciliated protiste growth. This pesticide also inhibits the respiratory metabolism of ciliated protiste. This effect is a lot more marked with the FCX that with the DFB.
Key words: Paramecium sp., flucycloxuron, diflubenzuron, pesticide, respiratory metabolism.
Berrebbah , M.R , R.* , Rouabhi , H and Djebar
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nutritional potentials of some tropical vegetable leaf meals: Chemical characterization and functional properties
A.O. Fasuyi
Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 5 December, 2005
Abstract
Three tropical vegetable species (Talium triangulare, Amaranthus cruentus and Telfairia occidentalis) were selected based on their availability and agronomic desirability. The freshly harvested vegetable leaves were subjected to 2 processing techniques (shredding and sundrying) before milling into the vegetable leaf meals (VLMs). The crude protein ranged from 19.9+1.8 to 35.1+1.7. The crude fibre ranged from 8.8+3.1 to 12.7+4.2. Ether extract (fat) had a wide range of 5.4+3.2 to 29.2+2.1. Ash contents had a range of 10.9+6.2 to 19.4+3.0. The nitrogen free extract ranged from 19.7+0.3 to as high as 43.5+0.7. Gross energy values had a range of 251.5MJKg -1 to 383.2MJKg-1. The mineral contents of the air-dried VLMs indicated that Ca, Mg, Na, K are the most abundant minerals with values as high as 2.0, 2.5, 7.1 and 4.8gkg-1DM for Ca, Mg, Na and K respectively in some samples analysed. The amino acid profiles of the VLMs indicated favourable nutritional balance except for lysine and methinone which appear marginal. The Water Absorption Capacity (WAC), Fat Absorption Capacity (FAC), Fat Emulsion Capacity (FEC) and Emulsion Stability (ES) were similar for the 3 VLMs. The values obtained for Foaming Capacity, Least Gelation Concentration and Foaming Stability after 30 minutes for the 3 VLMs were also similar. The protein solubility curves of all VLMs were similar at both alkaline and acid media with minimum solubility (isoelectric point) at between pH 4 and 5 for the VLMs.
Key words: Vegetable leaf meals, nutritional potentials, amino acid profile.
A.O. Fasuyi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification and characterization of three low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedlings
Jean Tia Gonnety1, Sébastien Niamké2,*, Betty Meuwiah Faulet1, Eugène Jean-Parfait N’guessan Kouadio1 and Lucien Patrice Kouamé1.
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Aliments de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02, BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Filière Biochimie-Microbiologie de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences de l’Université de Cocody-Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
Accepted 9 November, 2005
Abstract
The maximum acid phosphatasic activity was detected in peanut seedlings the 5th day of germination. At least, three acid phosphatases were identified and purified by successive chromatography separations on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, CM-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200 HR, and Phenyl-Sepharose HP to apparent homogeneity from developing five days old peanut seedlings. These enzymes designated acid phosphatase PI, PIIa and PIIb had native molecular weights of approximately 25.3, 22.4 and 24 kDa, respectively by gel permeation. SDS-PAGE of the purified acid phosphatase PI resolved two closely protein bands that migrated to approximately 14 and 12 kDa. Thus, this acid phosphatase likely functions as a heterodimer. Acid phosphatases PIIa and PIIb migrated as single band (each) with a similar molecular weight estimated to 21 kDa. The three enzymes had a similar optima pH (5.0) and temperature (55°C), and appeared to be stable in the presence of non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Nonidet P 40 as well as Na+ and K+. Substrate specificity indicated that the three acid phosphatases hydrolyzed a broad range of phosphorylated substrates. However, natural substrates such as ADP and ATP were the compounds with highest rate of hydrolysis for acid phosphatase PI, while acid phosphatase PIIa exhibited phytasic activity. These results indicate that each purified acid phosphatase from peanut seedlings played a peculiar role during germination.
Key words: acid phosphatase; seedling; peanut; arachis hypogaea; germination; low-molecular-weight.
Eugène Jean-Parfait N’guessan Kouadio and Lucien Patrice Kouamé, Sébastien Niamké*, Jean Tia Gonnety, Betty Meuwiah Faulet
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Can a general shoot proliferation and rooting medium be used for a number of carnation cultivars?
H. Salehi
Department of Horticultural Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 2 December, 2005
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to find the best shoot proliferation and rooting media for 13 virus-free cultivars of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) recently imported from The Netherlands to Iran. The best shoot proliferation media were Murashige and Skoog (MS) containing 3 mgL-1 (13.95 mM) kinetin and 0.5 mgL-1 (2.69 mM) NAA or 1 mgL-1 (4.44 mM) BA and 1 mgL-1 (5.37 mM) NAA. Average of shoot numbers produced in the establishment media was 2-3, which increased to 30 or higher with some cultivars in subsequent subcultures. For rooting, the in vitro shoots were cultured on the best MS rooting media which is discussed. Transferring to a mixture of sand, leaf-mold and vermiculite (1:1:1, v/v/v) successfully acclimatized the plantlets. It can be concluded that using a general medium for shoot proliferation of used carnation cultivars is possible, but for rooting it is impossible.
Key words: culture medium, Dianthus caryophyllus L., in vitro culture, micropropagation.
H. Salehi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of serotonin infusions on the mean plasma
concentrations of growth hormone, thyroid hormones and the amount and constituents of milk in the Sanan goat
H. Khazali*, A. Parhiskar and K. Jafari
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Accepted 24 October, 2005
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether serotonin increase the mean plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), growth hormone (GH), milk amount and constituents in the Sanan goats. Nine Sanan goats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group received daily infusion of 1, 4 or 8 ng serotonin agonist (hydroxytryptophan) (5HT) for 7 days. Blood and milk samples were collected daily on day 1 before infusions until 3 days after the last infusion. Samples were assayed for plasma T3, T4 and GH concentrations by double-antibody RIA. Milk samples were assayed for protein, fat and lactose constituents. The daily amounts of milk were determined throughout the experiment. Infusions of 1 ng 5HT did not change the plasma concentrations of the T3, T4 and GH throughout the experiment period. Infusions of 4 and 8 ng 5HT significantly (p<0.01) increased the plasma concentration of the T3, T4 and GH among animals. Infusions of 1and 4 ng 5HT did not change the amount and the protein, fat and lactose constituents of milk among all animals in the different groups. 8 ng 5HT significantly (p<0.01) increased milk amount from 0.6 to 1.2 liter on the 10th day of experiment. Infusions of 8 ng 5HT did not change the protein, fat and lactose constituents of milk. The result of these experiments indicated that serotonin may increase the mean plasma concentration of GH, T3, T4 in the Sanan goats.
Key word: Serotonin T3, T4, GH, Sanan goats.
H. Khazali*, A. Parhiskar and K. Jafari
Page: 1 - 10