ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Some sugar fungi in coastal sand dunes of Orissa, India
T. Panda
Department of Botany, S. N. College, Rajkanika 754 220, Kendrapara, Orissa, India. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 19 January, 2010
Abstract
Occurrence and distribution of sugar fungi was studied from soil and leaf litter in coastal sand dunes of Orissa for a period of two years covering three distinct seasons. Fungal succession of litter was also studied. Microbial isolation and soil analysis was performed using standard procedures. Maximum population density was observed in the rainy season followed by winter and lastly summer. Higher microbial populations were encountered in plantation soil than the barren sand. They corresponded to the fluctuation of prevailing temperature, moisture and total organic carbon content of the said habitat. A total of 8 species of sugar fungi were isolated of which soil and the leaf litter had a share of 8 species each. Maximum population of sugar fungi was recorded from coastal sand dunes with Casuarina plantation which can be due to less competition with other fungi.
Key words: Sugar fungi, coastal sand dune, fungi, leaf litter.
a , T. P
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Overview on Echinophora platyloba, a synergistic anti-fungal agent candidate
Avijgan Majid1*, Mahboubi Mohaddesse2, Darabi Mahdi2, Saadat Mahdi3, Sarikhani Sanaz1 and Nazilla Kassaiyan1
1Iranian Traditional Medicine research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2Barij Essence pharmaceutical Company, Isfahan, Kashan, Iran.
3Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-kord, Iran.
Accepted 28 May, 2010
Abstract
Echinophora Platyloba DC. is one of the four native species of this plant in Iran. The aim of this five-step study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of this plant. Dried aerial parts of the plant were extracted by ethanol 70% in percolator. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract was evaluated against dermatophytes, Candida (C) albicans and gram positive bacteria by agar dilution method and microbroth dilution assay. Finally, the synergistic effect of Amphotericin B plus 5% ethanolic extract against C. albicans was determined by measuring MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MLC (minimum lethal concentration) values. Gram positive bacteria were resistant to the extract according to measurement of zones of inhibition; Trichophyton schenlaini and Trichophyton verucosum were sensitive to concentrations ³ 35 mg/ml, while other dermatophytes showed various susceptibilities to extract. MIC value of 5% ethanolic extract was 2 mg/ml against C. albicans using broth micro dilution method. In synergism assay, there was a 50% reduction in MIC and a 75% reduction in MLC values of the mixture of Amphotericin B and 5% ethanolic extract against C. albicans in comparison to Amphotericin B alone. Regarding this study, some degrees of synergy was recorded in the combination of Amphotericin B plus E. platyloba extract covering C. albicans which represented promising finding in antifungal therapy.
Key words: Amphotericin B, Candida albicans, Echinophora platyloba, ethanolic extract, traditional medicine.
Mahboubi Mohaddesse, Darabi Mahdi, Sarikhani Sanaz and Nazilla Kassaiyan, Avijgan Majid*, Saadat Mahdi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of bacteria and protozoa from the rumen of buffalo on in-vitro activities of anaerobic fungus Caecomyces sp. isolated from the feces of elephant
Ravinder Nagpal1*, Anil Kumar Puniya1, Jatinder Paul Sehgal2 and Kishan Singh1
1Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, (Haryana), India.
2Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001 (Haryana), India.
Accepted 30 September, 2010
Abstract
Anaerobic fungal isolates Caecomyces sp. from the feces of elephant and Orpinomyces sp. from buffalo rumen were co- cultured in-vitro with rumen bacterial and protozoal fractions collected from buffalo to observe the possible fate of these fungi in the rumen, if inoculated as microbial-feed supplements. When co-cultured together or separately with rumen bacteria and protozoa, Caecomyces sp. was adversely affected. However, bacterial and protozoal counts were higher, compared to the counts when grown alone. Similar patterns of results were observed when Orpinomyces sp. was grown in co-culture with bacteria and protozoa separately as well as together, indicating that it is possibly the inhibitory action of bacteria and protozoa, and not inter-species competition, that affects the growth of fungi preventing them from attaining their full fibre-degrading potential. Conversely, although fungal counts were lowered during their co-culturing with bacterial and protozoal fractions, their co-culturing increased the FPase activity of the co-cultured fraction which could be the apparent reason for enhanced fibre degradation.
Key words: Rumen microflora, anaerobic fungi, microbial interactions, fibre degradation.
Ravinder Nagpal*, Anil Kumar Puniya, Jatinder Paul Sehgal and Kishan Singh
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of storage conditions and tillage operation on some fungal diseases and yield of maize
G. O. Ihejirika*, M. I. Nwufo and S. O. Anagboso
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria.
Accepted 9 April, 2010
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L) belongs to the family Poaceae and it is mostly grown as food for man and feed for animal. A two-season experiment was conducted in 2006 and 2007, respectively, to determine the effect of storage condition and tillage operation on some fungal diseases and yield of maize. Analysis of variance indicated that storage condition significantly affected plant height (cm) 5.69; 6.26 at 9 weeks after planting. Tillage operation was statistically significant on leaf spot and blight infection at 9 weeks after planting at 5% probability level. Interaction of storage condition and tillage operation was also significant on blight infection at 9 weeks after planting 0.50; 0.58. Seeds from dehusked maize recorded highest plant height, leaf formation and grain yield, while shelled was lowest on both parameters in 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, the three storage conditions investigated were statistically similar on blight infection. Dehusked and undehusked plots recorded statistically similar result on leaf spot severity while shelled had the highest. Spot tilled plots recorded lowest leaf spot and blight severity but highest grain yields when zero-tilled plots (control) had the highest in all the field diseases investigated, but lowest grain yield in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Micro-organisms identified on infected leaves were Helminthosporium spp, Spermospora spp, while Fusarium spp, Penicilium spp, Blastomyces and Aspergillus species were identified with infected grains with Fusarium and Penicilium species occurring highest in 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Key words: Storage condition, tillage operation, fungal diseases, yield, maize.
M. I. Nwufo and S. O. Anagboso, G. O. Ihejirika*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determination of effective dose of garlic for controlling seedborne fungal disease of tomato
M. M. Rashid1, A. B. M. Ruhul Amin2 and F. Rahman3
1Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Sonagazi, Feni, Bangladesh.
2Rupali Bank Ltd., Bangladesh.
3Student, Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Accepted 20 June, 2010
Abstract
Tomato seeds collected from farmer’s were treated with garlic tablet at concentration 1:3 w/v, 1:4 w/v, 1:5 w/v and 1:6 w/v for controlling seedborne fungal diseases. Seed health status of treated seeds was evaluated following blotter incubation method. Three different fungal pathogens viz., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. were identified from seed samples by blotter incubation method. Garlic tablet at 1:3 w/v dose showed better performance in increasing seed germination and reducing prevalance of fungal pathogens over control treatment. The highest germination recorded was 71.25% at 1:3 w/v dose of garlic tablet which represents an increase of 11.25% over control. Germination percentage was increased 18.75% over control when treated seeds were sown in tray soil. Substantial importance in seed quality was noticed in reducing hard seed, damping off, blighted seedlings and tip over. In pot experiment, 1:3 w/v dose also performed best to yield the lowest percentage of hard seed, damping off, blighted seedlings, tip over and seedlings with highest seed germination.
Key words: Garlic, tomato, seed treatment, germination, seedborne pathogens, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium.
M. M. Rashid, A. B. M. Ruhul Amin and F. Rahman
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Mycotic contamination of stockfish sold in Jos, Nigeria
S. A. Junaid*, F. Olarubofin and A. O. Olabode
Department of Medical Microbiology Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) VOM, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 April, 2010
Abstract
This study was aimed at isolating and identifying the fungi associated with stockfish contamination in Jos Metropolis. A total of 100 stockfish samples were randomly purchased from four markets namely, Terminus, Kwararafa, Katako and Gada biu in Jos town, Plateau State, Nigeria. The stockfish samples were assayed for fungal contamination and moisture content using standard procedures. All the stockfish samples were contaminated with fungi. Seven different fungi were found to be associated with the stockfish samples sold in the four different markets. The associated fungi were Mucor Spp, Asergillus flavus, Trichophyton verrucosum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillin Spp and Rhizopus Spp. It was observed that Mucor Spp had the highest rate of occurrence among the isolated fungi. The moisture content was between 6 - 27%. Results from the study are useful in developing and establishing public health standards as consumption of these fungi exposes the consumers to the probable toxic metabolites produced by the fungi.
Key words: Mycotic contamination stockfish, cod.
S. A. Junaid*, F. Olarubofin and A. O. Olabode
Page: 1 - 10