ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of toxigenic traits in native food isolates of Bacillus cereus in the city of Mysore, Southern India
Shivalingsarj V. Desai and Mandyam C. Varadaraj*
Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore 570 020, India.
Accepted 9 March, 2018
Abstract
In the growing concern for microbial food safety of traditional foods, the present study has attempted to characterize toxigenic profile of native food isolates of Bacillus cereus. In a total of 65 traditional foods, 26 isolates were characterized by morphological, cultural and biochemical attributes as B. cereus. Of these, 12 isolates (46%) were confirmed as B. cereus by PCR with 16S rDNA and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C primers in PCR. Among B. cereus isolates, 8 (67%) and 6 (50%) were positive for binding and lytic components of haemolysin (hbl complex) and sphingomyelinase (sph) in PCR. Besides, 67% of the isolates exhibited discontinuous haemolytic pattern in blood agar. The toxigenic food isolates of B. cereus CFR 1529, 1530, 1534 and 1536 revealed a high degree of sequence homology with selected strains of B. cereus and other species of B. cereus cluster as evidenced in sequence homology of partial nucleotide sequences of respective PCR amplicons of selected target genes. The study does indicate that toxigenic traits appear to be well spread within B. cereus cluster and have become stable traits among food isolates of B. cereus prevalent in the food chain.
Key words: Bacillus cereus, PCR, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, haemolysin BL, sphingomyelinase, toxigenic, sequence homology, microbial diversity.
yam C. Varadaraj*, M , Shivalingsarj V. Desai
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of antibiotics susceptibility profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria
A. O. Nkang1, I. O. Okonko1*, O. K. Mejeha2, O. G. Adewale3, A. O. Udeze4, A. Fowotade5, E. A. Fajobi6, A. O. Adedeji 7 and E. T. Babalola7
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology (FUTO), Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
3Department of Biochemistry, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria5Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
6Department of Basic Sciences, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.
7Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 October, 2009
Abstract
Because antimicrobial resistance patterns are continually evolving and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms undergo progressive antimicrobial resistance, continuously updated data on antimicrobial susceptibility profiles will continue to be essential to ensure the provision of safe and effective empiric therapies. This current study reports on the assessment of antibiotics susceptibility profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria. Thirteen antibiotics were bought from different pharmacy shops in Calabar metropolis and their susceptibility profiles were evaluated against some clinical isolates obtained from Microbiology Section of Sufat Medical Laboratories, Ishie, Calabar; Microbiology laboratory Unit of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar and Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar. These included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The species level identification was then carried out by standard biochemical test and by comparing their characteristics with those of known taxa. Susceptibility tests were performed by Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion by using Muller Hinton Agar (CM337-Oxoid). The results were expressed as susceptible/resistant according to criteria developed by NCCLS. S. aureus was susceptible to 09 (75.0%) and resistant to 3 (25.0%) of 12 antibiotics used. Str. pyogenes was susceptible to 8 (66.7%) antibiotics and resistant to 4 (33.3%). Of 11 antibiotics tested against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, E. coli was susceptible to 10 (90.9%) and resistant to 1 (09.1%). P. aeruginosa was susceptible to 9 (81.8%) and resistant to 2 (18.2%). Of 13 antibiotics tested against K. pnenmoniae, it was susceptible to 10(83.3%) and resistant to 2(16.7%). Resistance to chloramphenicol was common to all isolates except K. pneumoniae. Erythromycin- resistance was common to Str. pyogenes. Also, rifampicin-resistance was common to S. aureus. Resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline was only common to Str. pyogenes while penicillin-resistance was common to S. aureus only. Though, some multi-drug resistant organisms were reported in this study, some organisms were highly susceptible to most of the test antibiotics. There are several limitations of this work. Nevertheless, the results can serve to direct any national effort aimed toward reducing the antimicrobial resistance problems of local hospitals. The reasons for the differences in antimicrobial drug–resistant patterns might be related to infection control practices or to timing of the introduction of resistant organisms. However, more research is needed to clarify these differences. We believe that our findings represent the endemic multi-drug resistant situation in our hospitals in Nigeria.
Key words: Antibiotics, assessment, clinical isolates, resistance pattern, susceptibility profiles
E. A. Fajobi, A. O. Udeze, A. Fowotade, O. G. Adewale, A. O. Adedeji and E. T. Babalola, A. O. Nkang, I. O. Okonko*, O. K. Mejeha
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fusidic acid-resistant methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates in community of Casablanca (Morocco)
Mohamed Elazhari1,2*, Driss Elhabchi3, Khalid Zerouali4, Noureddine Dersi1, Jean David Perrier-Gros-Claude1,5, Sanaa Bouhali Zriouil4, Mohammed Hassar1,5, Rachid Saile2 and Mohammed Timinouni5
1Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Centre de Biologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca-20360, Marocco.
2Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'Sik, Université Hassan II, UFR Biologie et Santé, Casablanca, Marocco.
3Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Département de sécurité alimentaire et d’environnement, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca-20360, Marocco.
4Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, Casablanca-20360, Marocco.
5Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Département de recherche, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca-20360, Marocco.
Accepted 20 March, 2018
Abstract
Fusidic acid -resistant Staphylococcus aureus is poorly documented in community acquired infections in Morocco. From 1st January, 2007 - 31 October, 2008, we collected 140 S. aureus isolates at Institute Pasteur, Casablanca, 18 of them exhibited resistance to fusidic acid and were negative for gene encoding methicillin resistance (mecA). seh toxin gene was found in 14 strains (14/18) along with an accessory gene regulator (agr) group III, 9 of them were found with two other toxin genes (sek plus seq). In conclusion, we found a close relationship between the presence of the seh gene and the possession of agr group III in fusidic acid-resistant methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (FAR-MSSA) strains. In addition, our results indicate a relationship between 6 FAR -MSSA strains belonging to the same pulsotype and harbouring agr group III with luk -PV toxin genes.
Key words: Fusidic acid resistance, mecA gene, seh toxin gene, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA.
Driss Elhabchi, Rachid Saile and Mohammed Timinouni, Mohammed Hassar, Mohamed Elazhari*, Khalid Zerouali, Sanaa Bouhali Zriouil, Jean David Perrier-Gros-Claude, Noureddine Dersi
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Resistant phenotypes and genotypes of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a teaching hospital in Shantou, China
Yuanchun Huang1, Qing Peng2*, Fen Yao2, Yuanshu Qian2, Yingmu Cai1, Xiaoyang Jiao1 and Dexing Hua2
1First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
2Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Accepted 06 March, 2018
Abstract
This study is the first to report on the resistant phenotypes and genotypes of Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates in Shantou, China. A total of 39 E. faecium clinical isolates were collected from January 2004 to January 2006 and analyzed for their resistance to 10 antibiotics and for genes coding for resistance to the associated antibiotics. E. faecium isolates were resistant to 5 or more antibiotics, and most showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations to many antibiotics as well. Resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and penicillin was 100.0, 100.0, 97.4, and 92.3%, respectively. The mean resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and high levels of gentamicin was 80% or greater for each. Neither -lactamase-producing nor vancomycin-resistant isolates were found. Genes such as aph(3 )- ,ermB, aac(6 )/aph2 , ant(6)- ,gyrA, TetM, ParC, and pbp5 coding for resistance to the associated antibiotics were present at 79.5, 71.8, 92.3, 71.8, 100.0, 38.5, 23.1 and 69.2% respectively. E. faecium isolates showing multidrug resistance (MDR) were prevalent in Shantou. A total of 32 strains carried at least 5 resistance genes. The gene profile of E. faecium isolates (ermB/aac(6 )/aph2 /aph(3 )- /ant(6)- /gyrA/Pbp5) indicated that most of the strains carried MDR in different regions. The high occurrence of MDR suggested maintenance of selective pressure by use of different antibiotics. A rapid increase in antibiotic resistance is the result of incorrect antibiotics.
Key words: Enterococcus faecium, multidrug-resistance, phenotype, genotype.
Yuanshu Qian, Yingmu Cai, Fen Yao, Qing Peng*, Yuanchun Huang, Xiaoyang Jiao and Dexing Hua
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid, specific and concurrent detection of Listeria, Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens by multiplex PCR in Iranian food
Hamid Reza Tavakoli1, Ali Najafi2* and Ali Ahmadi2
1Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Research Center of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Accepted 05 March, 2018
Abstract
We are unable to detect all microorganisms in media. In consequence, molecular methods like PCR based techniques can mend our difficulties in this era. Herein, we describe simultaneous detection of major food-borne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Iranian food materials used for comparison of traditional microbiological methods (such as culture and serology) and multiplex PCR method in the detection of pathogens were prepared from several local restaurant, including eggs, raw milk, Raw kobide, salad, chicken, and cheese. Following DNA extraction, PCR assay were performed, using three specific primer pair. Because of all different sizes of the amplified fragments for each uniplex reaction, we optimized the each primers concentration to achieve a clearly visible band pattern of agarose gel (210 bp for Listeria, 556 bp for E. coli and 942 bp for Salmonella). In conclusion, uniplex and multiplex PCR was considered to perceive detection of the pathogens simultaneously.
Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157H7, multiplex PCR.
Hamid Reza Tavakoli, Ali Najafi* and Ali Ahmadi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of fluorescent in situ hybridization for rapid diagnosis of enterococcal wound infection
Somayyeh Gharibi1, Saeed Tajbakhsh1*, Keivan Zandi1 and Ramin Yaghobi2
1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.
2Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Accepted 24 March, 2018
Abstract
Enterococci are among prominent causes of nosocomial wound infections. Since the rapid detection of causative agents could make earlier administration of choice antibiotics and quick recovery of patients, so the application of rapid diagnostic methods is important. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of Enterococcus in wound swab samples. The time needed for FISH procedure is about 3 h. Specimens taken from 33 hospitalized patients were examined by both FISH and culturing procedures. By using conventional culture, 10 of 33 wound samples were culture-positive. Out of these 10 specimens, eight were FISH-positive, but two specimens were FISH-negative for Enterococcus. The remaining 23 wound specimens were Enterococcus negative according to the both methods. Therefore, the specificity of FISH was 100%; however, this method showed 80% sensitivity. Because of high specificity of FISH, the combined application of FISH and cultivation methods would be suggested for detection of enterococci from wound specimens in situations in which rapid diagnosis has an advantage in the treatment of patients.
Key words: Enterococcus, wound infection, fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH.
Keivan Zandi and Ramin Yaghobi, Saeed Tajbakhs*, Somayyeh Gharibi
Page: 1 - 5