ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Prevalence study of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among foreign manpower in Jeddah Saudi Arabia
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence study of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among foreign manpower in Jeddah Saudi Arabia
N. A. Redwan1, M. M. M. Ahmed1,2* and M. S. H. AL Awfi1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 80203, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
2Nucleic Acids Research Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications. Alexandria, Egypt.
Accepted 25 January, 2019
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a species-specific DNA virus of the Herpetoviridae family. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is more widespread in developing countries and in areas of low socio-economic conditions. It causes high morbidity and mortality. After primary infection CMV is not eradicated but establishes life-long infection in its host. CMV dispersed and become dormant or latent in multiple end organs, and can later be reactivated by a number of different stimuli, including immunosuppresion and inflammation. To determine CMV prevalence in a sample of the foreign manpower population in Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia, we tested serum samples for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G from participants aged 20 to 60 years (n = 514) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of CMV infection was 80.7% in studied population. CMV prevalence differed significantly by sex (p<0.05). The prevalence of cytomegalovirus was higher significantly in females (86.8%) than in males (75.00%). CMV seroprevalence increased gradually with age, ranging from 53.8% in 20–24 year olds to 95.2% in those aged 55 to 60 years. CMV seroprevalence differed significantly (p<0.05) by nationality and/or ethnicity as follows: 66.7% in Indian, 78.7% in Egyptian, 76.7% in Yemeni, 87.8% in Sudani, 82.7% in Pakistani, 83.6% in Bangladeshi, to 88.9% in Ethiopian. The seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among the African population (85.1%) varied significantly (p<0.05) from Asian population (77.5%). The finding that high levels of CMV exposure occur in the first years of life suggests that for a universal vaccination program to have maximal impact, the vaccine would need to be delivered to infants and have a long duration of protective efficacy. This is the first seroprevalence looking at cytomegalovirus in the foreign manpower community in Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia. This study provides valuable information that can be used to examine the incidence of infection in the community and help focus the administration of a future CMV vaccine to appropriate target populations.
Key words: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), virus, seroprevalence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoglobulin G (IgG).
M. M. M. Ahmed* and M. S. H. AL Awfi, N. A. Redwan
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Detection of the anaerobic bacteria in the odontogenic cyst fluids using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
Fahriye Keskin1, Sevgi Ciftci1, Sirmahan Cakarer2, Firat Selvi2, Taylan Can2, Sevda Ozel3 and Cengizhan Keskin2
1Department of Microbiology, Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
3Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Odontogenic cysts are slow growing lesions which are formed by epithelium. They may reach to a substantial size without symptoms for a long time. Radicular cysts’ (RCs) and odontogenic keratocysts’ (OKCs) are common odontogenic cysts of jaws. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if anaerobic bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of the RCs and OKCs fluids by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Odontogenic cyst fluid samples with a history of infection were collected from a total of 28 odontogenic cysts consisting of 16 samples of OKCs and 12 samples of RCs. Anaerobic bacteria detection were performed by PCR based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Porphyromonas gingivalis existed more frequently compared to the other bacteria, in all samples (39.2%). Following this, F. nucleatum (32.1%), Provetella intermedia and Campylobacter rectus ( 25.5%), Treponema denticola (25%), Provetella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia (17.8%), Dialister pneumosintes (14.2%), Filifactor alocis (10.7%), Porphyromonas endodontalis and Provetella pallens (7.1%) were seen. The 58.3% of the Fusobacterium nucleatum positive cyst fluids were in the RCs group. In D. pneumosintes positive cysts liquid samples, C. rectus was found to be positive (p=0.025). The same correlation was observed between F. alocis and C. rectus (p= 0.003). On the other hand, in F. alocis positive cysts liquid samples, F. nucleatum also was found to be positive (p=0.026). Odontogenic cysts fluid contained numerous anaerobic bacteria of various types, thus suggesting that oral bacteria may cause symptoms in odontogenic cyst fluids. Further studies are needed to assess the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts.
Key words: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), odontogenic cyst, anaerobic bacteria.
Taylan Can, Sirmahan Cakarer, Sevgi Ciftci, Sevda Ozel and Cengizhan Keskin, Firat Selvi, Fahriye Keskin
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Growth response of Pterocarpus soyauxii and Lophira alata seedlings to host soil mycorrhizal inocula in relation to land use types
N. A. Onguene1*, L. E. M. Ngonkeu1 and T. W. Kuyper2
1Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Center of Nkolbisson, P. O. Box 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
2Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 8005, 6700 EC Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Accepted 22 March, 2019
Abstract
Deficiency in mycorrhizal inoculum in soils due to land use types (LUT) can be alleviated by quantity and quality inoculum addition. A bioassay was carried out to determine how host soil mycorrhizal inoculum influenced mycorrhizal colonization, carbon allocation and partitioning of seedlings of two native timber species of Cameroon humid forest. Seedlings of Pterocarpus soyauxii and Lophira alata were raised for six months on surface soils (0 - 20 cm) collected from early secondary forests and LUT derived from slash-and-burn agriculture and selective logging. Mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE) was derived. Seedlings were mainly colonized by members of the Glomaceae and Gigasporaceae, respectively, as shown by molecular typing. They generally performed poorly in soils with indigenous inoculum. But addition of soil inoculum from P. soyauxii trees favored nodulation, significantly increased mycorrhizal colonization and total biomass but decreased root-to-shoot ratios, resulting in large and positive MIE, irrespective of LUT. ln contrast, host soil inoculum of L. alata did not affect fractional mycorrhizal colonization but significantly increased total biomass and resulted in high carbon allocation to roots in low and sometimes negative MIE. Therefore, seedlings' responses to mycorrhizal inoculum depend on host soil inoculum and that could be critical for successful rejuvenation of tropical trees.
Key words: Arbuscular, mycorrhiza-host, soil, inoculum-Iand use types, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Lophira alata, Cameroon.
N. A. Onguene*, L. E. M. Ngonkeu and T. W. Kuyper
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Primary resistance rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from new tuberculosis cases
Servet Kayhan*, Alper Akgüne , Hikmet Tereci and Ümit Tutar
Samsun Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Hospital, Turkey.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the automated mycobacteria growth ındicator tube (MGIT) for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to determine resistance patterns. We used BACTEC MGIT 960 System to determine the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis complex isolates to major anti tuberculous agents. Patients with single and first positive isolates were enrolled in the study. We have performed our drug susceptibility study between January 2005 and December 2010 for monitoring of drug resistance patterns in six years. A total of 1240 (77.16%) of the 1607 isolates were susceptible to all four of the antimycobacterial agents while 369 (22.96%) were found to be resistant to one or more of the drugs. The rate of isolates resistant to streptomycin (SM) was 6.84%, the other rates were 17.17% to isoniazid (INH), 5.28% to rifampicin (RIF) and 4.10% to ethambutol (ETM). Single drug resistance rates were found to be 12.13% for INH, 0.99% for RIF, 5.6% for SM, and 1.74% for ETM. The ratio of resistant isolates to all four drugs was 0.74% (n=12) and the prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates was 3.92% (n=63) . It was concluded that resistance to INH and RIF continues almost in a straight line in the present study. Monitoring of drug resistance patterns is essential for accurate drug regimen in management of tuberculosis.
Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, primary resistance, ısoniazid, rifampicin.
Servet Kayhan*, Alper Akgüne, Hikmet Tereci and Ümit Tutar
Research Article
Bacteriological study of vaginal discharge of pregnant women using Gram stain smear and culture
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacteriological study of vaginal discharge of pregnant women using Gram stain smear and culture
Manigeh Mehdinejad1*, Azar Dokht Khosravi1,2, Hamideh Yazdizadeh3 and Porandokht Afshari3
1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran.
2Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran.
3School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the organisms that naturally exist in the vagina. The importance of bacterial vaginosis with respect to pregnant women’s health is emphasized by the association between bacterial vaginosis and adverse outcome of pregnancy. The aim of present study was to evaluate the direct smear microscopy and culture for determination of bacteria from vaginal discharge of pregnant women. In total, 240 vaginal swabs were collected from 120 pregnant women and were screened for bacterial population. For each patient one swab was used for smear preparation and Gram staining and the second swab was used for cultivation. The prepared Gram-stained smears were observed for various morphotypes. Each morphotype was quantified on a scale from 0 to 4 and weighed to yield a score of 0 to 10, as per Nugent’s system. The bacteria grown in preliminary culture media were identified using standard identification tests. The majority of isolated bacteria in culture were Diphtheroid, Lactobacillus spp., Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and yeast. In Gram-stained smears, 78 (65%) Gram positive rods and 54 (45%) Gram positive cocci were detected. According to Nugent’s criteria, 64 cases (53.33%) were classified as having normal vaginal flora, 45 (37.5%) intermediate flora and 11 cases (9.2%) having bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is not very high. However we recommend the regular screening of women with Gram stain method using Nugent’s criteria which is reliable, easy to perform and well suited for the routine clinical laboratory.
Key words: Vaginal discharge, bacterial vaginosis, Nugent’s criteria, Gram stain, culture.
Manigeh Mehdinejad*, Azar Dokht Khosravi, Hamideh Yazdizadeh and Porandokht Afshari
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes in spontaneous abortions in humans
Lida Lotfollahi1,2*, Jamileh Nowrouzi3, Gholamreza Irajian1, Faramarz Masjedian1, Bahram Kazemi4, Laleh Eslamian5, Arash Falahat6 and Maryam Ramez1
1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
3Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
4Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Cll) and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
6Department of Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 09 February, 2019
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a causative agent of listeriosis. Clinical manifestation of invasive listeriosis is usually sever and include sepsis and meningoencephalitis. Uterian infection in listeriosis depend on gestational age varies from preterm labour, delivery of infected neonate to abortion. The present study investigated the incidence and antibiograms of the organism in clinical samples were collected from women with spontaneous abortions in Iran. Clinical samples were collected from patients with spontaneous abortions hospitalized in Shariati hospital in Tehran during December 2009 and November 2010. Antibiogram was done by disk-agar method. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 9 of 100 samples. Out of 9 isolates of L. monocytogenes 3 (16.66%), 0 (0%), 1 (4%), 3 (12%) and 2 (8%) were isolated from placental tissue, blood, urine, vaginal and rectal swabs respectively. Resistance to Penicillin G had the highest rate. Because of high incidence of L. monocytogenes in this study, in women with history of abortions or bad obstetric history, diagnosis procedures for detection of L. monocytogenes and on time treatment is recommended additionally because of high resistance rate of bacteria to Penicillin G in this study, antibacterial susceptibility before initiation of treatment is recommended.
Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, spontaneous abortion, antibiotic resistance.
Faramarz Masjedian, Jamileh Nowrouzi, Gholamreza Irajian, Bahram Kazemi, Arash Falahat and Maryam Ramez, Laleh Eslamian, Lida Lotfollahi*