ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and humans to tetracycline
Zoran Tambur*1, Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic2, Radoje Doder1 and Zoran Kulisic3
1Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
2Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Accepted 31 May, 2016
Abstract
Fifty five thermophilic Campylobacter spp. strains were isolated from cecum of broilers, cecum and colon of pigs and from human feces. The strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The more prevalent species in broilers and humans was C. jejuni and in pigs C. coli. In the framework of this study, sensitivity to tetracycline in isolated strains of C. jejuni and C. coli was tested by E-test. In 16 tested strains isolated from broilers, 56.25% were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance occured more frequent in C. coli strains (66.67%). In 15 strains of termophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from pigs the percentage of resistant strains was 80%. Resistance was detected more often in C. coli (90.00%) isolates. The percentage of resistant C. jejuni strains from pigs was 60.00%. Resistance to tetracycline occurred in 29.17% of 24 thermophilic Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from humans. Generally, strains of thermophilic campylobacters, especially C. coli isolated in pigs are more frequent resistant to tetracycline than strains isolated in poultry and human. Therefore, attention should be directed to the tetracycline application monitoring in swine farming in order to prevent resistance appearance in animal strains and its subsequent spread to human strains.
Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, tetracycline, resistance.
Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic, Radoje Doder and Zoran Kulisic, Zoran Tambur*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full length Research Paper
Partial characterization of extracellular xylanolytic activity derived from Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1
Inkyung Park2 and Jaiesoon Cho1,2*
1Department of Animal Sciences and Environment, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
2Animal Resources Research Center, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang- dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
Accepted 28 May, 2016
Abstract
An Antarctic bacterial isolate was found to exhibit the extracellular xylanolytic activity. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was named Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1. The maximum xylanase production was achieved by growing Paenibacillus sp. KIJ1 in media with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.5% yeast extract, which were found to be the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Optimal enzyme activity occurred at 50°C and pH 6.0. The xylanase was very specific for xylan with little or no activity on other carbohydrates and synthetic aryl-glycosides substrates. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Ca2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ and strongly inhibited by SDS. The KIJ1 xylanase may offer potential for use as a microbial feed additive.
Key words: Paenibacillus sp., antarctic, xylanase, xylan, microbial.
Inkyung Park, Jaiesoon Cho
Page: 1 - 10
Commentary
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Commentary
Avian flu (H5N1): threat of 'global pandemic' is growing and it’s impact on the developing countries’ economy
S. M. L. Kabir
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected].
Accepted 20 May, 2016
Abstract
When something appears to be public health issues, there is a razor-thin line between appropriate caution and over compensatory alarm. Such is the case with avian influenza, more commonly known as avain flu (H5N1). Since the potential threat of global pandemic of avain flu (H5N1) is growing and the developing countries’ economy is affected to a small extent, now it is the high time to formulate effective and essential measures which include heightened influenza surveillance, early detection and appropriate pandemic preparedness plans. The appropriate use of vaccines, antiviral drugs and public health interventions will greatly reduce their economic impact in the developing countries.
Key words: Avian flu (H5N1), global pandemic, developing countries.
S. M. L. Kabir
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification of Thiobacillus thiooxidans CGMCC 10329 and fundamental application in bioleaching as part of a synergic bacterial consortium
Hongfei Zhu1* and Xuesong Zhao2
1College of Environmental Science and Engineering and 2Mining School of Liaoning Technical University No. 47 Zhonghua Road, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
Accepted 12 October, 2016
Abstract
Bioleaching has become increasingly important in commercial gold extraction because of its economic benefits. Thiobacillus thiooxidans (also known as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) is an important participant in synergic bioleaching processes. In this study, a novel strain was isolated from an underground coal mine, identified and named Thiobacillus thiooxidans CGMCC 10329. A consortium of microorganisms including T. ferrooxidans DSM14882, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans CCTCC AB207038 and T. thiooxidans CGMCC 10329 was used to leach four gold ores and four sulfur-containing coal samples; we then determined gold recovery rates and removal rates of elements. The content that may be harmful to the environment, such as sulfur and arsenic contained in the ores, was investigated. The synergic leaching results indicated that the maximum deprivation rates of carbon, sulfur and arsenic were respectively 59.91%, 67.21%, and almost 100%. Bioleaching pretreatment markedly improved the gold recovery rate by 10.7% to 20% in subsequent cyanidation, compared with traditional extraction operations. The average sulfur removal rate by synergic leaching of the four coal samples was 35.4%. This synergic leaching method, to some extent, broadens gold ore resources and benefits the environment by reducing the impact of coal burning.
Keywords: Thiobacillus thiooxidans; synergy; bioleaching; recovery rate; sulfur; deprivation
Xuesong Zhao, Hongfei Zhu*
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJMR/1131Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic characterization of osmotolerant fermentative saccharomyces yeasts from Tanzania suitable for industrial very high gravity fermentation
D. Sumari 1,2*, K. M. M. Hosea1 and F. S. S. Magingo1
1Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Accepted 12 February, 2016
Abstract
Naturally occurring yeasts were sought from diverse Tanzanian environments and screened for industrial application. The yeasts were isolated from environments such as traditional brews and wines from various parts of Tanzania. In this regard, a total of thirty yeast isolates were screened for their suitability in Industrial Very High Gravity Fermentation (VHGF). Five of these isolates were able to grow and ferment medium with 40% initial sucrose concentration. Whereby, three were able to grow and ferment medium with 700 g/Litre (70% w/w) initial sucrose concentration. One of the three isolates coded LB2 isolated from a traditional Makonde sorghum brew was able to ferment a medium with initial sucrose concentration of 1000 g/Litre (100% w/w) at 30°C. On the basis of PCR-RFLP of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), all the three most osmotolerant isolates were identified to belong to the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade. Phylogenetic analysis of the 650 bp D1D2 domain of the large subunit 26S rDNA of the isolate LB2 clustered this isolate away from the so far known typical osmotolerant yeasts. The fermentation by LB2 isolate of 100% gravity substrate observed in this work is higher than any other encountered in the literatures reviewed.
Key words: Osmotolerant, PCR-RFLP, Saccharomyces, traditional brews, very high gravity fermentation (VHGF).
D. Sumari*, K. M. M. Hosea and F. S. S. Magingo
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2016 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Susceptibility pattern of pseudomonas aeruginosa against various antibiotics
Farida Anjum1 and Asif Mir2*
1Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST), Islamabad.
2Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad.
Accepted 7 December, 2015
Abstract
To determine current trends of antibiotic resistance among clinically significant pseudomonas aeruginosa strains causing various nosocomial and community acquired infections. A total of 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from inpatient and outpatient were studied from June 2008 to May 2009 for its prevalence and susceptibility profiles. Most of the isolates were from pus followed by urine, sputum, blood, ear swab and catheter tip. Uropathogenic P. aeruginosa infections were higher in females than males, ratio was found more among young and elderly debilitated patients. Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin, Imipenem were found more effective for treatment of infections in outpatients but for inpatients, parental therapy with newer aminoglycosides and third and forth generation cephalosporins need to be advocated as the P. aeruginosa causing nosocomial infections exhibits a high degree of drug resistance. Ninety nine percent of the clinical isolates were resistant to six commonly used antibiotics with highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and cefuroxime (100%) followed by amoxycillin (99%), co-trimoxazole (99%), Tetracycline (99%), Cefazoline (99%). The in vitro sensitivity pattern of 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed highest sensitivity to imipenem (97%) followed by amikacin (79%), tobramycin (70%), ceftazidime (62%), ciprofloxacin (73%), cefoperazone (60%), piperacillin (65%), Gentamycin (34%) and Cefotaxime (14%). ESBLs producing strains (33%) were also less in number but were much more resistant to -lactam and other antibiotics. The results indicate that P. aeruginosa is the most common gram -negative bacterium responsible for the nosocomial as well as community acquired infections. The excessive use of antibiotics has not only led to treat the P. aeruginosa infections but also the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The development of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa is currently one of the greatest challenges to the effective management of infections. This suggests that in addition to curative measures promptly preventive measures such as hygienic as well as better hospital and postoperative care in administration should be adopted.
Key words: P. aeruginosa, antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infections.
Farida Anjum, Asif Mir*
Page: 1 - 10