ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
New hosts of 16SrI phytoplasma group associated with edible Opuntia ficus-indica crop and its pests in Mexico
Leopold Fucikovsky Zak*, María de Jesús Yáñez-Morales*, Iobana Alanis-Martínez and Enrique González-Pérez
Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Fitosanidad, Mexico State, Mexico.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
In Mexico in the region of Nopaltepec in Mexico State, the edible Cactus crop, Opuntia ficus-indica is mainly cultivated for prickly pear fruit production. This crop has problems with common pests (insects, mollusks and weeds) which may serve as reservoirs and together with the named Cactus with phytoplasma-like symptoms which through the time inhibit the fruit production, and for this reason, the farmers called these Opuntia plants as Planta Macho (male plant). For molecular identification of the probably involved phytoplasma during 2005 and 2006, 38 samples of Opuntia plant tissues, fruit and some pests were collected for DNA extraction. By direct and nested PCR, 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. PCR products were analyzed by RFLP with restriction enzymes and in the sequences restriction sites were mapped. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the same phytoplasma was associated with Opuntia crop and its pests (the weeds Argemone mexicana, a grass and Lupinus sp.; a chinch bugs, Chelinidea sp. and the brown garden snail, Helix aspersa). Thus the edible Cactus crop and pests represented novel hosts of Cactus male plant Phytoplasma, and was classified as 16SrI Aster yellows group, of the species Candidatus phytoplasma asteris. This is the first report of this phytoplasma in Mexico and elsewhere.
Key words: Argemone, brown garden snail, chinch bugs, edible Cactus, grasses, Lupinus, male plant phytoplasma, Mexico.
MarÃa de Jesús Yáñez-Morales*, Iobana Alanis-MartÃnez and Enrique González-Pérez, Leopold Fucikovsky Zak*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum among women with unexplained infertility, with and without vaginitis and cervicitis
Jafar Khan* and Robeena Farzand
Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, KPK, Pakistan.
Accepted 14 January, 2019
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to find the incidence of urogenital mycoplasma such as Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum among patients with history of infertility of unexplained origin and to ascertain their implications in non specific cervicitis and non specific vaginitis. The total number of (n = 337) female patients with history of un- explained vaginitis and cervicitis were screened to observe the prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas in the disease. Both the high vaginal swabs (HVS) and mid-stream urine were cultured on the liquid media, U-9, and the solid differential mycoplasma agar A-7. The differentiation 0f the implicated organisms were made on the basis of metabolic characteristics of the species. Amongst the total (n = 337) samples, the n = 89 (26.40%) were positive for M. hominis whereas n= 162 (48.07%) isolates determined the U. urealyticum. Upon the outcomes of disease, the cases of non-specific cervicitis yielded the growth of M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum as 32.58% and 59.87% respectively, whereas, among patients of non specific vaginitis, the M. hominis and U. urealyticum were isolated in ratio of 59.55 and 21.60% likewise. From the obtained data in both categories, no solid and direct etiological evidence could be linked to a definite disease outcome of infertility. However, it is certain that these mycoplasmas do cause the urogenital problems as indicated by percents of isolates obtained exclusively. Consequently, after the infection, these organisms could possibly associate for their role in the reproductive failure due to the resulting pathological complications in the urogenital tract of women.
Key words: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, urogenital infections.
Robeena Farz, , Jafar Khan*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Multi-metal resistance study of bacteria highly resistant to mercury isolated from dental clinic effluent
Parisa Keramati1, Mehran Hoodaji1 and Arezoo Tahmourespour2*
1Soil Science Department, Khorasgan (Isfahan) branch, Islamic Azad University,Isfahan, Iran
2Basic Medical Sciences Department, Khorasgan (Isfahan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Accepted 03 January, 2019
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution represents an important environmental problem. One of these metals is mercury. The aim of this research was isolating bacteria highly resistant to mercury from dental clinic effluent to investigate their growth potential in the presence of other heavy metals, such as Zn, Cu, Ni, Ag, Cd and Pb. Three dental wastewater samples were selected and their mercury concentrations, pH, EC, BOD5 and COD were determined. The mercury-resistant bacteria were found to belong to the genera of Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. In examining multi-metal resistances, the pattern of hexa-R was seen in the case of Citrobacter and Pseudomonas genera. The highest tolerated concentration of heavy metals was 25.6 mM which is related to Ag and Cu and tolerated by Citrobacter isolate. It is also indicated that Citrobacter was the most resistant isolates to Cd with significant difference (P < 0.05). Results of this study demonstrate the occurrence of different groups of bacteria, capable of high tolerance to mercury with a potential to tolerate a variety of other toxic heavy metals suggest that, resistance to many types of toxicants may be present in the same organism; therefore, such organisms have high potential for biotechnology purposes.
Key words: Bacteria, dental effluent, heavy metal, mercury, multi-metal resistance.
Parisa Keramati, Mehran Hoodaji and Arezoo Tahmourespour*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from pigs at slaughterhouses in Korea
HyoBi Kim1, Hyun Baek2, SooJin Lee1, YangHo Jang1, SukChan Jung2, Aeran Kim2 and NongHoon Choe1*
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
2National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-856, Korea.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The objective of this study was to ascertain the nationwide prevalence and antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli amongst domesticated finisher pigs. Fecal samples (n=840) were collected at 84 slaughterhouses in Korea in May 2009. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 21 of the 840 samples (2.5%), and comprised the following isolated serotypes: Salmonella rissen, Salmonella derby, Salmonella typhimurium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for eight antimicrobials. Salmonella resistance was tetracycline (76.19%); nitrofurantoin (38.10%); kanamycin (33.33%); chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and cephalothin (28.57%); polymyxin B (9.52%); and ampicillin/sulbactam (4.76%), and E. coli resistance was tetracycline (87.11%); chloramphenicol (66.24%); kanamycin (51.68%); sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (51.29%); cephalothin (8.38%); nitrofurantoin (5.15%); ampicillin/sulbactam (4.64%); and polymyxin B (0.52%). Tetracycline resistance was most common. Surprisingly, 28.57 and 66.24% of the Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates, respectively, were resistant to chloramphenicol, which has been banned from agricultural use in Korea for some time. A wide range of strains displayed multi-antimicrobial resistance: 14 out of 21 (66.66%) and 611 out of 776 (78.72%) of the Salmonella and E. coli isolates, respectively. Salmonella spp. and E. coli demonstrate an appreciable broad-spectrum, (multi)-antimicrobial resistance, which is a potential public health concern. A continuous antibiotic surveillance program may be worthwhile.
Key words: Swine, pig, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, antimicrobial resistance, slaughterhouse.
Aeran Kim and NongHoon Choe*, Hyun Baek, SukChan Jung, SooJin Lee, HyoBi Kim, YangHo Jang
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of the RNAi targeting FAD2 gene on oleic acid composition in transgenic plants of Brassica napus
Tian Baoming1, Sun Dandan1, Lian Yuli2, Shu Haiyan1, Ling Hua1, Zang Xin1, Wang Bonan1 and Pei Zhenqiang1
1Bioengineering Department, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
2Chaoyang Teachers College, Chaoyang, 122500, China.
Accepted 11 July, 2019
Abstract
Oleate- 12 desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) into linoleic acid (C18:2). Brassica napus FAD2 gene was targeted for silencing by its RNAi gene under the control of a seed-specific napin promoter. This study aims to identify the transgenic plants, and analyze the level of BnFAD2 transcripts in addition to fatty acid profile in T3 seeds. As indicated by PCR and southern blotting analysis, a total of six transgenic plants were developed. Analysis performed by RT-PCR revealed the significant down-regulation of BnFAD2 transcripts in developing T3 seeds, which resulted in 13.90 to 32.20% increase of oleic acid composition in mature T 3 seeds. The data demonstrated that BnFAD2 gene was efficiently down-regulated and mediated by its RNAi gene, and oleic acid composition in transgenic rapeseeds was significantly enhanced.
Key words: RNAi, oleate- 12 desaturase (FAD2) gene, oleic acid, Brassica napus.
Zang Xin, Wang Bonan and Pei Zhenqiang, Lian Yuli, Tian Baoming, Sun Dandan, Shu Haiyan, Ling Hua
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school attending students in Barandooz-Chay rural region of Urmia, West Azerbaijan province, Iran in 2008
Khosrow Hazrati Tappe1, Habib Mohammadzadeh1, Shahla Khashaveh1, Baratali Rezapour2 and Afshin Barazesh3*
1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.
Accepted 01 January, 2019
Abstract
Duplicate stool specimens from 405 primary school attending students of Barandooz-Chay region of Urmia district were tested for intestinal parasites. Besides, duplicate scotch tape slides were obtained and examined microscopically for Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia sp. eggs. A questionnaire containing demographic data was filled for every case, and the relationship between them and the parasitic infection was assayed. Overall, intestinal parasitic prevalence was 42.5%. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii, Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana was 20.5, 14.6, 13.3, 2.5, 10.6 and 0.2%, respectively. No statistic relation was proved between these infections, having tap water facility at home or family population (except for E. vermicularis), but there was a significant relationship between parents’ education level and family population. According to relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in the study field, it is necessary to increase hygienic and educational measures.
Key words: Prevalence, intestinal parasites, primary school, Urmia.
Baratali Rezapour and Afshin Barazesh*, Shahla Khashaveh, Khosrow Hazrati Tappe, Habib Mohammadzadeh
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