ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Construction of barley consensus map showing chromosomal regions associated with economically important traits
Ayman A. Diab
Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamaa St., Giza, Egypt. E-mail [email protected]. Tel: (+2010) 129-0009.
Accepted 8 December, 2005
Abstract
In the past, it has been difficult to accurately determine the location of many types of barley molecular markers due to the lack of commonality between international barley linkage maps. In this study, a consensus map of barley was constructed from five different maps (OWB, VxHs, KxM, barley consensus 2 and barley consensus 2003) to produce the consensus AD-2005 map with 1536 markers. The QTL that have been identified in previous barley studies were then incorporated into the integrated consensus map to provide a quick method of aligning and comparing barley linkage maps and to identify markers closely linked to barley traits. The markers placed on this map are consistent with respect to order on the chromosomes with the individual maps and other barley maps with a few minor differences. The consensus AD-2005 was compared with rice Cornell RFLP map to examine the reliability of the constructed map in comparative genomic studies. Unlike previous consensus maps, the purpose of this consensus map (containing QTL) is to provide a tool for scientists to accurately locate molecular markers to chromosome regions responsible for economically important traits. It is estimated that markers placed on the consensus map are located very close to their true positions as determined by the five maps used in this study. It is envisaged that the consensus map will benefit small-grain researchers by providing an efficient means of choosing markers of interest and identifying QTL regions for future genetic or plant breeding studies on a worldwide basis.
Key words: Barley, QTL, genetic linkage mapping, consensus map, comparative genome mapping.
Ayman A. Diab
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR protocol for RAPD analysis of selected medicinal and aromatic plants of conservation concern from Peninsular India
Padmalatha K, Prasad M.N.V*
Department of Plant Sciences,University of Hyderabad,Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh,500 046, India.
Accepted 2 November, 2005
Abstract
Genetic analysis of plants relies on high yields of pure DNA samples. Here we present the optimization of DNA isolation and PCR conditions for RAPD analysis of selected medicinal and aromatic plants of conservation concern from Peninsular India containing high levels of polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites. The method involves a modified CTAB extraction employing polyvinyl pyrrolidone while grinding, successive long-term Chloroform : lsoamyalcohol extractions, an overnight RNase treatment with all steps carried out at room temperature. The yield of DNA ranged from 1-2 µg/µl per gram of the leaf tissue and the purity (ratio) was between 1.6-1.7 indicating minimal levels of contaminating metabolites. The technique is ideal for isolation of DNA from different plant species and the DNA isolated was used for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. RAPD protocol was optimized based on the use of higher concentration of MgCl2 (3 mM), lower concentrations of primer (0.5 µM) and TAQ polymerase (0.2 units), 50 ng of template DNA and an annealing temperature of 37°C, resulted optimal amplification. Reproducible amplifiable products were observed in all PCR reactions. Thus the results indicate that the optimized protocol for DNA isolation and PCR was amenable to plant species belonging to different genera which is suitable for further work on diversity analysis.
Key words: Vitex pubescens, Nervilia aragoana, Gymnema sylvestre, Withania somnifera, Origanum majorana, Boswellia serrata, Saraca asoca, Gloriosa superba, polysaccharides, PCR amplification.
Padmalatha K, Prasad M.N.V*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin variants in Ogbomoso, South–West Nigeria
A. A. Bakare 1*, M. A. Azeez2 and J. O. Agbolade2
1Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Nigeria.
Accepted 11 February, 2005
Abstract
The distribution and gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups and haemoglobin variants for samples of the Nigerian population at Ogbomoso was determined. Data consisting of records of blood groups and haemoglobin types of different ages ranging from infants to adults for a period of 4 to 6 years (1995 – 2000) was collected from Baptist Medical Centre (BMC), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Health Centre (LAUTHC) and Oyo State General Hospital (OSGH), all in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Overall, a total number of 7653, 7053 and 14,845 individuals were typed for ABO and Rh blood groups, and haemoglobin genotypes, respectively. 3824 (50%) were blood group O, 1750 (22.9%) were blood group A, 1629 (21.3%) were blood group B and 450 (5.9%) were blood group AB. This distribution differs significantly (P<0.05) from those expected under the Hardy Weinberg law. The proportion of the individuals belonging to the various ABO blood groups also varied significantly (P<0.05) over the period of the study. Overall gene frequencies for the A, B and O alleles were 0.15, 0.15 and 0.70, respectively. For the Rh blood group 6823 (96.7%) were Rh-positive (DD and Dd) while 230 (3.3%) were Rh – negative (dd). The distribution and proportion of individuals belonging to each group did not differ significantly from those expected under the Hardy Weinberg law (P>0.05). The gene frequencies of D and d alleles were 0.82 and 0.18, respectively. Six haemoglobin genotypes were recorded in the order of AA (68.1%) > AS (21.0%) > AC (5.7%) >SS (3.0%) >SC (2.0%) >CC (0.3%). The gene frequencies were 0.81, 0.14 and 0.04 for A, S and C alleles, respectively. Our results are representative of the distribution of these genetic variants in Nigeria.
Key words: Gene frequency, blood groups, haemoglobin, Nigeria.
A. A. Bakare*, M. A. Azeez and J. O. Agbolade
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full length Research Paper
Analysis of genetic diversity in accessions of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill
G. N. Ude1,2*, C.O. Dimkpa2, P. O. Anegbeh3, A. A. Shaibu2, A. Tenkouano2, M. Pillay4 and Z. Tchoundjeu5
1Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, 14000 Jericho Park Road, Bowie, MD 20715, USA.
2Crop Improvement Division, Plantain and Banana Improvement Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Onne, PMB 008 Nchia Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria.
3World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IITA Station, Onne, PMB 008 Nchia Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria.
4International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda. 5ICRAF, BP 2067, Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Accepted 3 February, 2006
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess genetic diversity and relationships among 15 accessions of Irvingia gabonensis collected from Cameroun, Gabon, and Nigeria. Twelve AFLP+3 primers produced 384 polymorphic fragments. Average genetic distance (AGD) between the 15 accessions was 58.7% (32-88%). AGD and range of genetic distance among accessions from Cameroun, Nigeria and Gabon were 62% (53-76%), 52% (32.3 – 84.8%) and 50% (45-53%), respectively, indicating more genetic diversity in Cameroun than Nigeria and Gabon. The unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) showed a clear distinction between the Gabon and Nigeria accessions into two separate clusters, with accessions from Cameroun overlapping them. Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) indicated a closer relationship between accessions from Cameroun and Gabon. In general the Cameroun germplasm appears to be a bridge between the genetically isolated Nigeria and Gabon accessions. This overlap of Gabon and Nigerian accessions by the accessions from Cameroun may be an indication that Cameroun is the center of diversity of I. gabonensis and also the primary source of original materials grown in the other countries. More collection in Cameroun is necessary to ensure the optimum collection and preservation of the existing genetic diversity in I. gabonensis.
Key words: Irvingia gabonensis, Accession, amplified fragment length polymorphism, genetic diversity.
A. A. Shaibu, P. O. Anegbeh, C.O. Dimkpa, A. Tenkouano, G. N. Ude*, M. Pillay and Z. Tchoundjeu
Page: 1 - 10
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Review
Research progress on property and application of theaflavins
Chunxia Wang and Yongquan Li*
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, P. R. China.
Accepted 14 December, 2005
Abstract
Theaflavins is a group of very important material from black tea with functions as antioxidant, cancer suppressor and inhibitor of pathogenic microorgnisms. A discription is given on the property, chemical structure and application of theaflavin in this paper. The present research situation of theaflavins both in China and abroad is also reviewed.
Key words: Theaflavins, property, application.
Chunxia Wang, Yongquan Li*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2006
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2006 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sensory attributes, microbial quality and aroma profiles of off vine ripened mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit
Mtebe Kaswija, Mamiro Peter*, Fweja Leonard
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Accepted 4 March, 2005
Abstract
The need to develop the best off vine mango ripening technique for both consumption and processing was investigated. Sensory quality and microbial contamination was studied on mature green Dodo mangoes before and during a 3- and 6-day ripening period by Smoked Pit Ripening (SPR), Ethylene (fruit generated) Pit Ripening (EPR), Untreated Pit Ripening (UPR) and Room Temperature Ripening (RTR) as a control method. The post harvest ripening changes in the quality characteristic of ripe mangoes were correlated among treatments and compared with similar changes in other mango varieties. The results showed insignificant differences in sensory attributes among the employed techniques. Microbial quality was significantly different within the treatments, while with aroma profiles there were considerable differences of detected aromatic compounds between raw and ripe mango fruits. Increased number of aromatic compounds reflected the most significant sensory scores at ripening stage.
Key words: Mango, microbial quality, flavour, ripening, aroma.
Mtebe Kaswija, Fweja Leonard, Mamiro Peter*
Page: 1 - 10