ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-008, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of free radical scavenging potential of ethanolic extract of Podophyllum hexandrum
Showkat Ahmad Ganie1, Mohmmad Afzal Zargar1, Akbar Masood1 and Ehtishamul Haq2*
1Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
Accepted 11 August, 2018
Abstract
The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo situations. The extract was found to contain a large amount of polyphenols and also exhibit an immense reducing ability. At a concentration of 250 µg/ml, 48% of H2O2 radicals could be scavenged by the extract. The extract also inhibited hydroxyl radical ( OH) induced oxidation of protein (BSA). The ethanolic rhizome extract of P. hexandrum also exhibited a significant antioxidant activity in acute oxidative tissue injury animal model constituted by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Oral administration of the extract at a dose of 20 and 50 mg/kg bw significantly protected from CCl4 induced elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum, depletion of hepatic protein and GSH content, decrease in the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase.
Key words: Podophyllum hexandrum, CCl4, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging.
Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Akbar Masood and Ehtishamul Haq*, Mohmmad Afzal Zargar
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-009, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Adsorption, metabolism and degradation of erythromycin in giant freshwater prawn and tilapia aquaculture in Mekong River Delta
N. P. Minh*, T. B. Lam and T. T. D. Trang
Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Accepted 27 August, 2018
Abstract
Adsorption, metabolism and degradation of erythromycin in freshwater prawn and tilapia aquaculture in Mekong River Delta were monitored and evaluated. They were fed practical diets medicated with erythromycin (50 and 100 mg. kg-1 body weight for 7 days). Erythromycin residues in their muscle were determined by the liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Our study provided preliminary data for a more prudent use of erythromycin in giant freshwater prawn and tilapia, suggesting a possible withdrawal time after treatment as well as clearing away the awareness of forming and accumulating a harmful over-threshold level of derived products from parental drug during veterinary usage in aqua culture.
Key words: Giant freshwater prawn, tilapia, erythromycin, metabolism, degradation, LC-MS/MS.
T. B. Lam and T. T. D. Trang, N. P. Minh*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of sub-chronic oral exposure to high monosodium glutamate on some serum markers of the renal functions in male Wistar rats
Egbuonu Anthony C. Cemaluk1*, Ejikeme P. Madus2 and Obasi L. Nnamdi2
1Nutrition and Toxicological Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
2Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 September, 2018
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancing food additive that may be present in packaged food without appearing on the label. This could increase the possibility of its inadvertent consumption in high concentration. The study investigated the effects of MSG on some serum markers of renal functions in adult male Wistar rats by daily oral exposure to 3 ml kg-1 dose distilled water (DW) and 15 mg kg-1 MSG for 4 weeks. In the serum, MSG treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased urea and creatinine concentrations, whereas it markedly increased the computed urea to creatinine (Urea: Creatinine) ratio. The results appear to suggest that exposure to MSG (15 mg kg-1) significantly altered the renal functions in rats by way of compromised urea and creatinine metabolism. The nutritional and health implications of the results may be significant in animals and therefore warrant further and better controlled investigation in humans.
Key words: Monosodium glutamate, Wistar rats, renal functions, urea, creatinine.
Ejikeme P. Madus and Obasi L. Nnamdi, Egbuonu Anthony C. Cemaluk*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Alpha-amylase inhibitor of amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta): Isolation, purification and selectivity toward - amylases from various sources
R. McEwan1*, R. P. Madivha1, T. Djarova1, O. A. Oyedeji2 and A. R. Opoku1
1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, P/B X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
2Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, P/B X1001 KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
Accepted 25 June, 2018
Abstract
Two proteins (A-1 and B-2) with a-amylase inhibitor activity were extracted and partially purified from Colocasia esculenta tubers through 80% ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE -Sephacel and gel-chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The molecular weight of A-1 and B-2 were estimated to be about 17000 and 19000 daltons, respectively. The inhibitors inactivated a-amylases of animal origin, but had no effect on fungal amylase. Inhibitor A-1 also exhibited activity towards plant amylases, while inhibitor B-2 has no activity on plant amylases. Inhibitor A-1 was the most active against human salivary amylase at pH 6. Inhibitor A-1 was completely destroyed at temperatures above 50°C; while inhibitor B-2 was stable up to 70°C.
Key words: a-amylase inhibitor, amadumbe, Colocasia esculenta, diabetes, obesity.
R. P. Madivha, O. A. Oyedeji and A. R. Opoku, T. Djarova, R. McEwan*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of vitamin E and folic acid on some antioxidant enzymes activities of female Wistar rats administered combined oral contraceptives
Akinsanya, Mushafau A.1, Adeniyi, Taiwo T.2*, Ajayi, Gabriel O1 and Oyedele, Musbau A.2
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 August, 2018
Abstract
In this study, the effects of vitamin E and folic acid on the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) production and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in female Wistar rats treated with combined oral contraceptives (COC) containing ethinyl estradiol in combination with levonorgestrel were determined. Twenty female rats were divided into four groups: Group A (control) received distilled water; Group B received combined oral contraceptives (COC) for 15 days with a dosage of 0.667 mg/kg body weight/day; Group C received combined oral contraceptive and vitamin E (0.667 mg/kg body weight COC + 15 mg/kg body weight of vitamin E/day) for 15 days and Group D received combined oral contraceptives and folic acid (0.667 mg/kg body weight of COC + 1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 15 days. Administration of vitamin E and folic acid caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase levels by 90 and 69% respectively. In catalase, administration of vitamin E significantly decrease (p < 0.05) catalase level by 47% while administration of folic acid has no significant difference (p > 0.05) in catalase level. In addition, administration of vitamin E and folic acid caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by 21 and 11% respectively. Administration of vitamin E and folic acid caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in glutathione-S-transferase by 39 and 23%, respectively.
Key words: Combined oral contraceptives, vitamin E, folic acid, antioxidant enzymes.
Taiwo T*, Adeniyi , Gabriel O and Oyedele, Akinsanya , Musbau A, Mushafau A, Ajayi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2018. International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical markers in semen and their correlation with fertility hormones and semen quality among Sudanese infertile patients
Abdelmula M. Abdella1*, Al-Fadhil E. Omer1 and Badruldeen H. Al-Aabed2
1Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Accepted 27 July, 2018
Abstract
Several biochemicals in semen are secreted by the accessory glands in the reproductive tract. These biochemicals can be used as diagnostic predictors for the disorders in the male reproductive system. To assess the level of biochemical markers in semen, their relation to fertility hormones and spermogram among Sudanese infertile patients were studied. The biochemical markers studied were fructose, citric acid, zinc and neutral -glucosidase. Their levels in semen were estimated using analytical photometry, spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Estimation covered 500 infertile males (150 azoospermic, 150 oligospermic, 100 asthenozoospermic and 100 with abnormal sperm morphology), as well as 100 normospermic control males. Fertility hormones were assayed in patients and controls by ELISA. Seminal neutral -glucosidase and citric acid levels were found significantly reduced in azoospermic and oligospermic patients, while zinc levels was reduced in all infertile patients (p < 0.05). Semen fructose level was found within the normal range. Significant negative correlation was noticed between neutral -glucosidase and both follicle stimulating and luteinising hormones (in azoospermic patients), and prolactin hormone in oligospermic patients (r < 0.05). 2.7% of azoospermic patients had Sertoli cell syndrome only. 13% of the infertile patients had varicocele, and this was associated with a significant increase in FSH and LH and a decrease in seminal neutral -glucosidase, citric acid and zinc (p < 0.05). 9.6% of the patients studied had dysfunctional sexual problems and was associated with a significant increase in prolactin. On the other hand, 7.2% of these patients were smokers and this was associated with a significant reduction in semen volume and levels of neutral - glucosidase and zinc (p < 0.05). There was conflicting association between biochemical markers in semen with both reproductive hormones level and semen quality in the infertile patients, but neutral -glucosidase level was the only biochemical markers in semen that correlated well with both gonadotropins hormones (negatively/inversely) and the semen quality.
Key words: Biochemical markers, reproductive hormones, male infertility, seminal plasma, -glucosidase.
Al-Fadhil E. Omer and Badruldeen H. Al-Aabed, Abdelmula M. Abdella*
Page: 1 - 6