ISSN 2736-1756
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Current status of action mode and effect of chitosan against phytopathogens fungi
Ana Niurka Hernández-Lauzardo1*, Miguel Gerardo Velázquez-del Valle1 and María Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez2
1Departamento de Interacciones Planta-Insecto, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C. P 62731, Apartado Postal 24. Yautepec, Morelos, México.
2Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Sto. Tomás. Del. Miguel Hidalgo. C. P 11340, México, D.F. México.
Accepted 05 January, 2020
Abstract
Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin, consisting mainly of glucosamine units, commercially obtained from crustacean waste. This natural compound is biodegradable and nontoxic and has diverse applications in agriculture, among which highlights the control of fungal diseases in crops of agricultural interest. This review focuses on some basic studies about the mode of action and the effect of chitosan on different phytopathogens fungi. In general, it is known that molecules of this polymer can act on extracellular (plasma membrane) and intracellular level (penetration of chitosan into the fungal cell). The study of the effect of chitosan on different phytopathogens fungi evidence that the response is variable; in some investigations, it was found that the spores are more sensitive than hyphae to the application of chitosan. Even though the progress in understanding the mode of action of this polymer and the various effects that can cause damage are known, it is necessary to carry out more studies about the biological activity of these molecules to propose better control strategies of the phytopathogens fungi.
Key words: Antifungal activity, polymers, in vitro studies, plasma membrane, fungal cell, chitosan.
Miguel Gerardo Velázquez-del Valle and MarÃa Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez, Ana Niurka Hernández-Lauzardo*
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Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Cold-environment metagenomics for discovering novel microorganisms and enzymes
Ramesh C. Kasana
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (HP) 176061, India. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Fax: 91-1894-230433.
Accepted 19 September, 2019
Abstract
The environmental conditions on planet earth are extremely diverse, with enormous variations in pressure, pH, temperature and salt concentration. All these environments are inhabited by living organisms, particularly microorganisms which have adapted to the different extremes of environments. Among various extreme environments, low temperature is very common both in natural and man-made environments. Low temperature environment is a source for the isolation of cold adapted enzymes of commercial and industrial importance. In the recent past, metagenomics have been employed as a powerful approach for the isolation of novel genes, enzymes and bioactive molecules from the yet to be cultured component of microbial communities prevailing in various environments.
Key words: Metagenomics, cold environment, microorganism, enzyme.
Ramesh C. Kasana
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Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Seroprevalence of COXIELLA BURNETII in cattle and farm-raised deer in Korea
Yangho Jang1, Hyobi Kim1, In Heo2, Youngjin Park2, Sangmo Kim2, Myoungheon Lee3 and Nonghoon Choe1*
¹College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-1dong, Gwangjingu, Seoul, Korea.
²Chungnam Veterinary Research Institute, Songgangli 52-1, Hongseonggun, Chungnam, Korea.
3Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.
Accepted 04 January, 2020
Abstract
Q fever, caused by COXIELLA BURNETII, is a worldwide zoonosis that affects not wild animals but domestic animals throughout the world, except in New Zealand. Domestic ruminants are considered to be a major infection source of Q fever in humans. However, few studies on the prevalence of Q fever in humans or animals in Korea have been conducted. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Q fever in meat cattle and deer. Blood samples were collected from 1634 ruminants: 1000 cattle, 604 wapiti, and 30 sika deer. The blood samples were analyzed with CHEKIT Q fever ELISA kits. Thirteen of 1000 (1.3%) cattle, 10 of 604 (about 1.7%) wapiti, and 0 of 30 (0%) sika deer had antibodies against C. BURNETII. The prevalence of Q fever in this study was quite low. However, the public health implications of these findings are important, because they indicate that seropositive animals that are asymptomatic may be shedding C. BURNETII consistently. This condition could increase the risk of Q fever infection in Korea, especially because many Koreans habitually consume raw meat and drink deer blood.
Key words: Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, cattle, deer.
Youngjin Park, Myoungheon Lee and Nonghoon Choe*, Yangho Jang, Sangmo Kim, Hyobi Kim, In Heo
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2020. International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of the effects of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum on cutaneous wound healing in rats
Zahedi, F.1, Heydari Nasrabadi, M.2*, Tajabadi Ebrahimi, M.3 and Aboutalebi, H.1
1Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Parand, Iran.
2Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 17 October, 2019
Abstract
The benefits of probiotic microorganisms have been tested in several studies and they show many positive effects on human health like reduction of serum cholesterol, stimulation of immune system and prevention or treatment of human infections. This study has shown the activity of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Iranian traditional cheese on cutaneous wound and describes the difference in healing activity between these two Lactobacilli. Some strains of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional dairy products of Iran were investigated for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. L. brevis and L. plantarum were selected because they have high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. A full-thickness wound (1.5 × 1.5 cm) was made on the back of each rat (45 rats in 4 groups). Two groups, experimental 1 and experimental 2, were treated by L. brevis, and L. plantarum that were added to eucerin. A control group was treated with eucerin and a negative-control group, additionally, did not receive anything. On days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21, the rats were killed and wound tissue samples were collected for histological and statistical studies. The percentage of wound healing and inflammation in the experimental groups on day 21, when compared with the control and negative control groups, were significant (p≤0.05). In contrast to the control and negative-control groups, the number of neutrophils in the experimental groups was reduced in the later phase of wound healing. The current study showed a significant reduction in inflammation and an acceleration of wound healing in wounds treated with Lactobacilli as compared to the control and negative control groups. Further studies are required to develop a mechanism of L. brevis and L. plantarum during wound healing.
Key words: Cutaneous wound, exopolysaccharide, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum.
F , M and Aboutalebi, H , Heydari Nasrabadi, Tajabadi Ebrahimi, Zahedi , M*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Improvement of bioluminescent assay by combining with the cell growth kinetics for coliforms detection
Anna Ilyina1*, Anita J. Casas-Reyes1, Karla M. Gregorio-Jauregui1, Erika Nava-Reyna1, Jose L. Martinez-Hernandez1, Nagamani Balagurusamy2, Federico Cerda-Ramirez3 and Yolanda Garza-Garcia1
1Chemistry School, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
2School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
3Applied Chemistry Investigation Center, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
Accepted 30 September, 2019
Abstract
The present study focuses on the improvement of limitations of the bioluminescent ATP assay. An attempt was made to improve on the following: non-selective detection, limited cell population density quantification, and to distinguish between bioluminescent noises data and cell ATP, as a suitable technique for coliforms and ESCHERICHIA COLI detection, as well as other cell strains. Results were achieved by combining growth kinetics of the cell population exponential phase, in 2% brilliant green lactose bile broth with bioluminescent assay, based on the reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase. The equations applied to the description of kinetics on exponential growth phase were able to estimate the relative light units (RLU0) corresponding to initial adenosine triphosphate (ATP0) concentration. The developed equations also help to distinguish between background RLU and RLU0 corresponding to cell ATP, and to analyze the kinetics with and without lag period in order to estimate RLU0. The results demonstrated a good correlation with data obtained by standard methods for coliforms detection. The quantification of E. COLI and coliforms could be performed within a period of 6 h at 3.24 x 105 and 1.12 x 103 CFU/mL from the calculation of initial ATP concentrations at 19 and 0.067 pmol/mL, respectively. Monitoring of growth kinetic parameters along with the bioluminescent detection of microorganisms in the selective medium during shorter test time has potential for their selective and sensitive quantification. The mathematical approach may be extended to the analysis of experimental data obtained by other techniques based on the cell metabolite detection.
Key words: Bioluminescence, coliforms, Escherichia coli, exponential phase of growth, adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) detection.
Erika Nava-Reyna, Jose L. Martinez-Hernandez, Karla M. Gregorio-Jauregui, Nagamani Balagurusamy, Federico Cerda-Ramirez and Yolanda Garza-Garcia, Anna Ilyina*, Anita J. Casas-Reyes
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Experimental vaginal candidiasis: Assessment of Origanum vulgare for its treatment
Marlete Brum Cleff1, Iara Wendisch1, Angela L. Cabana1, Maria Regina Rodrigues2, João Roberto Braga de Mello3, Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles1 and Jesús Jaime Hernández-Escareño4*
1Faculdade Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
2Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
3Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
4Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.
Accepted 13 September, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this work was evaluate action of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil in treatment of experimental vaginal candidiasis. A batch of 50 Wistar rats was randomly allocated into four experimental groups corresponding to treatments: T1, 1.5% oil; T2, 3% oil; T3, Nystatin and T4, control treatment (emulsion). Oil concentrations were emulsified in agar suspension at 0.8%. Vulvovaginal candidiasis was established in ovariectomized and estrus-induced rats by intravaginal inoculation of Candida albicans (106 cells-ml). Experimental rats were treated intravaginally daily for a period of 30 days and tested for clinical and hematological parameters, agent retro isolation and macroscopic alterations. Rats from T4 (Negative) treatments did exhibit major alterations exhibited in clinical parameters major alterations. Macroscopic lesions were evident in animals T1 and T4, e.g. erythema, white spots and vaginal mucosa ulcerations; two rats from T4 and one from T1 showed an enhanced uterine volume. Colony counts (UFCs) at the end of experimental period were of 3.1, 2 and 6.5 log2 for T1, T2 and T4, respectively. T3 showed the lowest UFC value of 0.5 log. Experimental results, considered as preliminary, showed a good performance for 3% O. vulgare essential oil formulation on the control of experimental vaginal candidiasis.
Key words: Vaginal candidiasis, essential oil, Origanum.
Marlete Brum Cleff, Iara Wendisch, Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles and Jesús Jaime Hernández-Escareño*, João Roberto Braga de Mello, Angela L. Cabana, Maria Regina Rodrigues
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