ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of allelic variation on forage quality of brown midrib sorghum mutants with reduced caffeic acid O-methyl transferase activity
R. K. Vogler1, T. T. Tesso2, K. D. Johnson1 and G. Ejeta1*
1Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
2Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Accepted 30 January, 2017
Abstract
Sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants have reddish-brown vascular tissues in their leaves and stems as a result of changes in lignin content and subunit composition. Past research at Purdue University has generated a set of bmr sorghum mutants via chemical mutagenesis and established some to be allelic to each other. More recently, we identified additional spontaneous mutants in true breeding lines with marked phenotype and a range of agronomic characteristics. One such mutant, bmr-26, is of particular interest because it arose in a drought-tolerant sorghum line. Analysis of testcross hybrids between this spontaneous bmr mutant and the chemically induced mutants, bmr-6 and bmr-12, showed that the bmr-26 allele was allelic to bmr-12 and not to bmr- 6. Both the bmr-12 and the bmr-26 mutations significantly reduced lignin content in leaf, blade, sheath, stem, and panicle tissue. The effect of the mutation was relatively more severe in bmr- 12 than in bmr-26. The impact of the two mutations on cell wall composition in different tissues varied. The biggest effect of the bmr-12 mutation was in reduction of lignin in the sheath, whereas lignin content in panicles was more affected by the bmr-26 mutation. This suggested an allele-specific effect in tissue lignin reduction of these mutants. Cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were also significantly higher in certain tissue types for both the induced and spontaneous mutants. Forage quality traits including percent NDF and ADF were significantly increased by both mutations. Improvement in in vitro dry matter digestibility as a result of the bmr-26 mutation was relatively small and was not proportional to the reduction in the lignin content.
Key words: Acid detergent fiber (ADF), bmr, brown midrib, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Sorghum bicolor.
T. T. Tesso, R. K. Vogler, K. D. Johnson and G. Ejeta*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxicological effects of chlorpyrifos and methidathion in young chickens
Ojezele, Matthew Obaineh1* and Abatan, Oluwole Matthew2
1Department of pharmacology and therapeutics, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 20711 (U. I.), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 25 January, 2017
Abstract
The objective of this work is assessment of the toxicological effects of the organophosphorus compounds (methidathion and chlorpyrifos) and the usefulness of some parameters as bioindicators. Haematology and serum biochemistry were assayed in 15 cockrels at random age of 4 - 6 weeks. The birds were randomly assigned to 3 oral (by mouth) pulse-dose treatments of 0, 3.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos, and 7.5 mg/kg methidathion, respectively. Haematology and serum biochemistry were used as indices of toxicosis. Significantly (P < 0.05) reduced WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte counts were observed in the groups of birds dosed with chlorpyrifos and methidathion. PCV, Hb, and RBC were significantly decreased by methidathion while chlorpyrifos caused a significant increase in these parameters. Results obtained in this study also showed that methidathion and chlorpyrifos caused significant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT, TP, and ALB. While methidathion caused a significant decrease in the level of AST reverse is the case for chlorpyrifos with respect to AST. It was also observed that both organophosphates had no significant effect on the level of BIL. The study thus showed that the evaluated parameters can serve as useful bioindicators of the sub lethal exposure to organo-phosphorus compounds.
Key words: Biochemistry, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, bioindicators, cockrels, haematology.
Oluwole , Ojezele , Matthew Obaineh* and Abatan
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on acid phosphatase activity
K. S. Prashanth1*, T. R. S. Chouhan2 and Snehalatha Nadiger3
1Research Scholar, Dr M.G.R University, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India.
2Ethica Matrix CRO Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India.
3Department of Biotechnology, New Horizon College of Engineering, Outer Ring Road, Panathur post Bangalore-560087, Karnataka(s) India.
Accepted 29 January, 2017
Abstract
The effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (EMF) (50 Hz 0.5 mT) on the activity of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) was studied. In addition the factors affecting the enzyme activity such as the temperature, pH and substrate concentration were also investigated. The results show that ELF EMF have significant influence on enzyme activity. Upon EMF exposure Km increased from 0014 ± 0.005 to 0.040 ± 0.008 mM whereas Vmax increased from 0.991 ± 0.254 to 1.638 ± 0.345 µmol/min. Further studies can probably help in finding suitable applications for ELF based modulation of enzyme activity.
Key words: ELF EMF, acid phosphatase, enzyme activity.
K. S. Prashanth*, T. R. S. Chouhan and Snehalatha Nadiger
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxicological assessment of oral administration of some antisickling agents in rats
Oyewole, O. I.1* and Malomo, S. O.2
1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown.
2Department of Biochemistry, University, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 29 July, 2017
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicological effects of oral administration of hydroxyurea, tellurite and thiocyanate on some biochemical parameters in rats. The drugs were administered orally to rats daily at their therapeutic dose for 28 days after which some biochemical parameters were measured. All the drugs caused growth depression and significant elevation (P < 0.05) of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) while they also lowered serum albumin and total protein. Thiocyanate and tellurite significantly decreased activities of the three enzymes in the liver and kidney while hydroxyurea resulted in significant elevated activities. Tellurite significantly reduced serum concentrations of sodium ion and urea while it elevated serum potassium, creatinine and bilirubin. Hydroxyurea elevated serum urea and creatinine while it reduced bilirubin concentration. Thiocyanate significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum bicarbonate and bilirubin. These results suggest that the drugs might be toxic at their therapeutic dose with thiocyanate exhibiting mildest toxicity followed by hydroxyurea.
Key words: Sickle cell disease, hydroxyurea, sodium thiocyanate, potassium tellurite
Oyewole , S. O., O. I.* and Malomo
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on the combined administration of chloroquine and insulin effect on serum transferases and phosphatases activity during increased dietary fat and calcium consumption
Ajani E. O.*, Salau B. A., Ezima E. N. , Oyefuga O. H. and Osineye P. O
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 28 May, 2017
Abstract
Previous studies reported on relationship between chloroquine administration, insulin and glucose homeostasis, but the role of dietary fat and the combined effect of the drugs on liver function have not been exploited. The present study was set up to investigate the effect of combined administration of insulin and chloroquine on serum transferase and phosphates activity during increased dietary fat and calcium consumption. Thirty (30) adult male albino rats randomly assigned into five (5) groups were used in the study. Group A was placed on normal diet (normal control); B (test control) C, D, and E were placed on an increased dietary fat and calcium. Drugs were administered as follows: group C, insulin (100 µg/kg body weight once daily); group D, chloroquine (Imarsel Chemical Co. Ltd., Chinon, Hungary, 15 mg/kg body weight) thrice weekly over a period of 12 weeks, and group E, chloroquine combined with insulin. All rats were sacrificed after 15 weeks treatment period. Blood was withdrawn and activities of the enzymes were determined. Combined administration of the drugs increased serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphate activity and decreased acid phosphatase activity. The result suggests that combined administration of insulin and chloroquine may result in hepatic injury particularly in individual whose dietary regimen includes increased fat and calcium.
Key words: Chloroquine, insulin, liver function, transaminases, phosphatases, dietary calcium, fat.
Oyefuga O. H. and Osineye P. O, Salau B. A., Ezima E. N., Ajani E. O.*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fatty acid composition and properties of skin and digestive fat content oils from Rhynchophorus palmarum L. larva
Edmond Ahipo Dué1*, Hervé César B. L. Zabri2, Jean Parfait E.N. Kouadio1 and Lucien Patrice Kouamé1
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Aliments de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Fondamentales Appliquées de l’Université d’Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
Accepted 20 February, 2017
Abstract
Skin and digestive fat content (DFC) oils from Rhynchophorus palmarum L. larva (Curculionidae) were extracted and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Water content (0.41 %) of skin oil was higher than the amount of DFC (0.04 %). While, the lipid fraction of the skin (35.16%) was slightly lower than the DFC (49.05%). The fatty acid compositions of the both oils were determined. Results showed that the most abundant fatty acids in skin and DFC oils were palmitic and oleic acids. In both oils, oleic fatty acid showed the highest percentage of composition of 45.62 and 46.71% for skin and DFC, respectively with palmitic acid followed close by 39.87 and 40.44%, respectively. In this study, saturated fatty acids accounted for 45.06 and 44.97% of total fatty acids, for skin and DFC oils, respectively. Myristic, myristoleic, stearic and linoleic acids were also detected in the both oils. Physicochemical properties of skin and DFC oils respectively include: iodine index, 51.22 and 48.35; acid value, 4.72 and 2.21; saponification value, 189.22 and 198.26; unsaponifiable matter, 0.97 and 0.98; peroxide index, 6.90 and 0; oleic acidity, 7.76 and 0.568; vitamin A, 0 and 12.04 and refractive index, 1.45440 and 1.45424. Results suggested that Skin and DFC oils from R. palmarum L. larva could deserve further consideration and investigation as a potential new multi-purpose product for nutritional, industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses.
Key words: Fatty acids, digestive fat content, skin of larvae, oil, Rhynchophorus palmarum.
Edmond Ahipo Dué*, Hervé César B. L. Zabri, Jean Parfait E.N. Kouadio and Lucien Patrice Kouamé
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