ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioconversion of soy processing waste for production of surfactants
Mahmoud Z. Sitohy1, Mona M. Rashad2*, Samy F. Sharobeem1, Abeer E. Mahmoud2, Mohamed U. Nooman2 and Amr S. Al Kashef2
1Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, El Zagazeg University, Egypt.
2Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 06 November, 2018
Abstract
The production and properties of biosurfactants synthesized by Candida guilliermondii NRRL Y-2075 and Bacillus subtilis NRRL B- 94 using soy processing waste (okara) as substrate were investigated under different fermentation techniques. Higher oil displacement activities for the isolated biosurfactants were achieved by using submerged fermentation technique (SMF) for both organisms. Preliminary chemical characterization and IR spectroscopy for C. guilliermondii biosurfactant revealed that, it is mainly a glycolipid complex, while that of B. subtilis biosurfactant was found to be a complex mixture of lipoprotein and glycolipid. Both biosurfactants formed stable water-in-oil emulsions with motor oil and sunflower oil, while soybean oil was only emulsified by C. guilliermondii biosurfactant. The surface tension of water was reduced to 51 mN/m by C. guilliermondii biosurfactant at a critical micelle dilution (CMD) of 8% concentration, while B. subtilis biosurfactant showed a minimum surface tension of 48 mN/m at CMD value of 10% concentration. Both biosurfactants exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and yeast strains with different values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
Key words: Surfactant, Candida guilliermondii, Bacillus subtilis, soy processing waste, submerged fermentation.
Samy F. Sharobeem, Abeer E. Mahmoud, Mona M. Rashad*, Mohamed U. Nooman and Amr S. Al Kashef, Mahmoud Z. Sitohy
Page: 1 - 11
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Pseudomonads: A versatile bacterial group exhibiting dual resistance to metals and antibiotics
Barnali Sarma1, Celin Acharya2 and S. R. Joshi1*
1Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
2Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
Accepted 22 October, 2018
Abstract
Pseudomonads is a versatile and cosmopolitan bacterial group that can occur in metal contaminated as well as clinical environment and many of them possess the ability to proliferate resistance to bacteria from their own or other group. Antibiotic resistance in clinical bacteria is a growing concern for mankind. Various reports have shown dual resistance of pseudomonads to metal and antibiotic involving different inheritable or non-inheritable mechanisms like co-resistance, cross-resistance, co-regulation, biofilm production, persistence and swarming. Increasing rate of metal pollutant in environment contributed by various anthropogenic activities may constantly provide a selective pressure in proliferation of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
Key words: Pseudomonads, dual-resistance, metals, antibiotics, inheritable, non-inheritable.
Barnali Sarma, Celin Acharya and S. R. Joshi*
Page: 1 - 8
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Stimulation of mycelial growth of pathogenic and seabed isolates of Fusarium oxysporum in presence of salts
Daniel Palmero1*, Miguel De Cara2, Marta María Moreno3, Concepción Iglesias1 and Julio Cesar Tello2
1Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). EUIT Agrícola. Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain.
2Universidad de Almería (UA), Dpto. Producción Vegetal. Cañada de San Urbano s/n. 04120 Almería, Spain.
3Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). EUIT Agrícola. Ronda de Calatrava, 7. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Accepted 19 March, 2018
Abstract
The mycelial growth of eleven Fusarium oxysporum strains, eight isolated from seabed soil of the South- eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain and three formae speciales from diseased plants were tested on potato-dextrose-agar adjusted to different osmotic pressures with either KCl or NaCl (-1.50 to -144.54 bar) at 10°C intervals ranging from 15 to 35°C. The extent of growth of F. oxysporum shows the same pattern for isolates from the seabeds that for isolates of Formae speciales. Maximal growth was observed at -13.79 bar of osmotic pressure at 25°C with an acute decrease at -41.79 bar and lower. At 35°C maximal growth was observed at -41.79 bar of osmotic pressure not only for seabeds isolates but also for pathogenic F. speciales isolates. These findings could indicate that F. oxysporum is well adapted to exist in moderate saline habitats. It does not seem that the pathogenicity of the isolates is a factor that determines the response to the salinity, but that behavior seems to be common to all the isolates studied and it could be speculated to be a specific behavior.
Key words: Salinity, soilborne pathogens, conductivity, osmotic pressure.
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Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2018. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals |
Miguel De Cara, Marta MarÃa Moreno, Concepción Iglesias and Julio Cesar Tello, Daniel Palmero*
Page: 1 - 3
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Differentiation of modern and ancestral Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northwest region of Iran by screening for the presence of TbD1
Mohammad Asgharzadeh1*, Hossein Samadi Kafil2, Kazem Najati3 and Khalil Ansarin1
1Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2Department of Medical Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Accepted 25 August, 2018
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for considerable human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Based on the presence or absence of M. tuberculosis specific deletion (TbD1), M. tuberculosis isolates are divided into ancestral and modern strains. The aim of this study was to differentiate ancestral and modern M. tuberculosis in northwest of Iran. 165 M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from West and East Azarbaijan provinces of Iran. Ancient and modern M. tuberculosis isolates were distinguished by primer specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study showed that 49 (29.7%) of the isolates were modern M. tuberculosis and 116 (70.3%) were ancestral M. tuberculosis. The prevalence of modern M. tuberculosis in West Azarbaijan was relatively higher than that of East Azarbaijan. Considering the increasing rate of modern M. tuberculosis in the studied region and in world, which has resulted in multi-drug resistance and low preventive effect of bacillus of calmette and guerin (BCG) vaccine, the fast diagnosis, prevention, treatment and more controlling programs of the infection, is important in this region.
Key words: TbD1, modern tuberculosis, ancestral tuberculosis, PCR.
Kazem Najati and Khalil Ansarin, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mohammad Asgharzadeh*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Selection of photosynthetic bacteria producing 5-aminolevulinic acid from soil of organic saline paddy fields from the Northeast region of Thailand
Thanawan Kantha1, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut1*, Duangporn Kantachote2, Suchada Sukrong3 and Amorntip Muangprom4
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand.
2Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
4Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, BIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Accepted 02 June, 2018
Abstract
Soil samples from organic saline paddy fields from 14 provinces of the northeast region of Thailand were collected and used for isolating photosynthetic bacteria (PB) prepared as a Soil and Straw Products (SSPs). PB from these SSPs were further grown in double strength G5 broth under microaerobic-light conditions before purification. A total of 130 isolates were then screened for growth in G5 broth under microaerobic-dark conditions for 24 h and 15 isolates were further selected by secondary screening in G5 broth under microaerobic-light conditions for 24 h. Four isolates (tk35, tk85, tk103 and tk123) were selected and all were identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris based on their 16S rRNA gene. After incubation in SSP for 4 weeks with microaerobic-dark conditions, all SSPs had pH values in a range of 5.33 -7.17 and electrical conductivity (EC) values were between 3.02-12.93 dS/m. It was also found that the 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) content increased with time to achieve levels of 2.95, 2.94, 2.95 and 2.96 mM, from strains tk35, tk85, tk103 and tk123, respectively. The results indicate that SSP containing selected PB could produce ALA and this could be practically applied to organic saline paddy fields and increase growth and yields of rice.
Key words: Photosynthetic bacteria (PB), soil and straw product (SSP), 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), organic saline paddy field.
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut1*, Thanawan Kantha, Duangporn Kantachote, Suchada Sukrong and Amorntip Muangprom
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification and biological characteristics of a newly isolated fungus Hypocrea lixii and its role in lignite bioconversion
Xiu Xiang Tao1,2*, Hui Chen2, Kai Yi Shi2 and Zuo Peng Lv2
1Key Laboratory of Clean Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education in China.
2School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of mining and technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221008, China.
Accepted 28 June, 2018
Abstract
Fungus, named TZ1, was isolated from coal mine soil at the Fushunxi colliery, Liaoning Province, North of China. The lignite’s bioconversion rate was about 23.3% by TZ1. The morphological, biochemical, physiological characterization and analysis based on 18S rDNA gene sequence indicated that the strain TZ1 was most closely related to Hypocrea lixii (100% similarity in gene sequence), bioconversion lignite experiments with this new strain showed that it could play an important role in degradation of Chinese lignite.
Key words: Lignite, bio-conversion, Hypocrea lixii.
Kai Yi Shi and Zuo Peng Lv, Xiu Xiang Tao*, Hui Chen
Page: 1 - 7