ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Evaluation of real-time PCR for Mycobacterium ulcerans in endemic region in Côte d’Ivoire
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of real-time PCR for Mycobacterium ulcerans in endemic region in Côte d’Ivoire
Elise Solange Ngazoa-Kakou1,3*, Euloge Ekaza 1, Nguetta Aka2, David Coulibaly-N’Golo1, Bakary Coulibaly2 and Mireille Dosso1,2
1Plateforme de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur Cote d’Ivoire, BP 490 Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
2Unité des Mycobactéries Tuberculeuses et Atypiques, Institut Pasteur Cote d’Ivoire, BP 490 Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
3Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Qc, G1K 7P4, Canada.
Accepted 19 February, 2019
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is caused by a mycobacterium called Mycobacterium ulcerans . The events of BU are the skin lesions. The lack of early diagnosis and treatment cause severe disability. Today the emergence to BU in Africa and particularly in Côte d’Ivoire needs faster diagnosis to control and to prevent the infection by M. ulcerans. The surveillance of BU is difficult, because the transmission of M. ulcerans occurs in rural regions where the transport of fresh collected sample is long, and the detection with culture technique needs several months. This study has allowed the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in real time with two targets for molecular diagnosis of BU in Côte d©Ivoire. 63 samples (clinical, environmental, local strains and reference strains) were analyzed in real-time PCR by comparing the target of the Insertion Sequence (IS) 2404 and the sequence Ketoreductase-B (KR-B), located respectively on the chromosome and on the virulence plasmid. 49 samples (76%) were positive in real-time for both targets. The sensitivity of the PCR shows a detection limit of 0.25 genome copy for both targets. The capacity, speed and sensitivity of real-time PCR assays improve the diagnosis and contribute to strengthening the eradication of BU in Côte d’Ivoire.
Key words: Buruli ulcer, Mycobacterium ulcerans, real-time, insertion sequence, ketoreductase, Côte d’Ivoire.
Bakary Coulibaly and Mireille Dosso1, Nguetta Aka, Elise Solange Ngazoa-Kakou*, David Coulibaly-N’Golo, Euloge Ekaza
Research Article
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Eremurus persicus (Jaub and Spach) Boiss
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Eremurus persicus (Jaub and Spach) Boiss
Mojdeh Hakemi Vala1, Jinous Asgarpanah2*, Mohammad Hossein Hedayati3, Jeilan Shirali2 and Fatemeh Bagheri Bejestani4
1Microbiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
3Pasteur Institute of Iran (Karaj branch), Iran.
4Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a key role in health care worldwide. Obtaining scientific information about the efficacy and safety of the plants is one of the researcher's goals. In this research, the flowering aerial parts of Eremurus persicus were collected from Golpayegan (Isfahan, Iran) in May 2010. The extract was tested for its antibacterial activity against 4 Gram- positive bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and 5 Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysantriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Its cytotoxic activity was also investigated using MTT assay. Here we reported the antibacterial activity of E. persicus against S. aureus (MIC = 125 mg/ml), B. cereus (MIC = 15.62 mg/ml), E. coli (MIC = 125 mg/ml), S. typhi (MIC = 31.25 mg/ml), S. dysantriae (MIC = 0.48 mg/ml) for the first time. Furthermore the cytotoxic potentials of E. persicus on two cell lines, HeLa and Caco-2, were studied.
Key words: Eremurus persicus, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity.
Jeilan Shirali and Fatemeh Bagheri Bejestani, Jinous Asgarpanah*, Mohammad Hossein Hedayati, Mojdeh Hakemi Vala
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Parametric optimization of extracellular α-amylase recovery from the fermented bran of Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9997
Kalaiarasi K.1* and Parvatham R.2
1Department of Textiles and Clothing, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-43, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-43, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
A newly isolated Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9997 strain from spoiled cooked rice was cultured under solid state using cassava peel powder to produce α-amylase. The effect of extraction medium, solid to solvent ratio, extraction time, temperature and physical state on α-amylase recovery was examined. Among various organic, inorganic solvents and buffer solutions tested, maximum extraction of α-amylase was achieved when phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 was added. A solid to solvent ratio (cassava peel : phosphate buffer) of 1:10 (w/v) resulted in maximum yield of α-amylase. The optimum extraction time was 30 min. At 30°C, α-amylase recovery was found to be the maximum. An appreciable amount of α-amylase was recovered under agitated conditions of the fermented biomass at 150 rpm compared with the quantum recovered under stationary conditions.
Key words: α-Amylase, Aspergillus awamori, solid-state fermentation, extraction.
Parvatham R., Kalaiarasi K*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of immunogenic properties of monovalent and polyvalent inactivated bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines
Vladimir S. Kurcubic1*, Nenad S. Milic2, Radojica D. Djokovic1 and Zoran Z. Ilic3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak, Cara Dusana 34, 32.000 Cacak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11.000 Belgrade, Serbia.
3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Prishtina -Zubin Potok, Jelene Anzujske bb, Serbia.
Accepted 23 February, 2019
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the immunogenicity of two inactivated (mono- and polyvalent) vaccines containing bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) reference and field strains. Three experimental groups were formed: 10 calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28) subcutaneously (s/c) with 2 ml of inactivated polyvalent vaccine per animal (Group 1); 10 calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28) subcutaneously (s/c) with 2 ml of inactivated monovalent vaccine per animal (Group 2) and 9 unvaccinated calves (Control, Group C). Blood sera were obtained from immunized animals (standard procedure: on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 post-immunization). Geometric mean titer (GMT) values for BVDV neutralizing antibodies were substantially higher in blood sera of calves receiving the inactivated monovalent vaccine. The immune response developed more rapidly in calves immunized with the monovalent vaccine.
Key words: Bovine virus diarrhea virus, immunogenic properties, inactivated vaccines.
Radojica D. Djokovic and Zoran Z. Ilic, Nenad S. Milic, Vladimir S. Kurcubic*
Research Article
Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a dominant strain causing invasive diseases in Taiwan
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a dominant strain causing invasive diseases in Taiwan
Shiping He1*, Ya-Wen Chang1 and Ya-Ling Lin2
1Institute of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
2Department of Parasitology, China Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
To determine the relations between Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) genotypes (antibiotic resistance and active IgA1 protease) and infectious diseases, strains from infected blood, pus, sputum, bronchial washing and thorax patient samples with invasive diseases were cloned, and assayed for IgA1 protease activity and the enzymic subtype, as well as antibiotic resistance. Clinic samples of patients aged 1 to over 71 with invasive diseases of pneumonia, sinusitis, bacteremia, bronchitis, chronic obstructive of pulmonary diseases (COPD), conjunctivitis or otitis media were analyzed. Results showed that all Hi isolates contained IgA gene, but only 80% contained active IgA1 protease. Majority of Hi isolates (84%) are non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), suggesting that NTHi had become major population in causing invasive diseases. Protease assays showed that 76% NTHi and 85% Haemophilus influenzae (THi) contained active IgA1 protease. Pulse-field agarose gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that none of the Hi isolates had identical genome. Phenotypic comparison of bacterial strains showed a weak relation between active IgA1 protease and antibiotic resistance. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing showed that mutations in silent IgA gene are common in Hi isolates. In conclusion, the antibiotic resistance and active IgA1 protease are two essential but independent phenotypes for NTHi infection and colonization.
Key words: Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), IgA1 protease, invasive diseases, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), typable Haemophilus influenzae (THi).
Shiping He*, Ya-Wen Chang and Ya-Ling Lin
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of Staphylococcus spp strains isolated from hospital, community and environmental in Puebla city, Mexico
Ana Marta de los Ángeles Lobo-Sánchez1, Patricia Lozano-Zaraín2, Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna1,2, Zita Gutiérrez-Cázarez3, Antonio Rivera-Tapia2, Carmen Torres4 and Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia1,2*
1Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Área de la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Complejo de Ciencias, edificio No. 103 J. Ciudad Universitaria, colonia San Manuel, Puebla 72570, México.
2Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Complejo de Ciencias, edificio No. 103 J. Ciudad Universitaria, colonia San Manuel, Puebla 72570, México.
3Hospital para el Niño Poblano, Blvd. del Niño Poblano No. 5207 Col. Concepción la Cruz, 72190 Puebla, Pue., México.
4Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 284 Staphylococcus strains isolated from two hospitals, as well as from community and the environment in Puebla City, Mexico. Isolates were identified by Gram-stain and biochemical reactions and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer and in some cases by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents. Result showed that from 284 strains studied, 32% (90 strains) were multidrug-resistant, of which 82% (74 strains) were methicillin-resistant. From 154 Staphylococcus aureus isolates tested, 41 strains showed methicillin-resistance (27%) and 84 of 130 coagulase-negative staphylococci showed methicillin-resistance (65%). The mecA gene was detected in 38 of 43 oxacillin-resistant staphylococci tested (14/14 S. aureus and 24/29 coagulase negative staphylococci). Nevertheless, this gene was also identified in 14 S. aureus that exhibited oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility. The percentages of resistance detected among S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcal isolates were: penicillin (79 and 67%, respectively), oxacillin (27 and 65%), erythromycin (18 and 36%), tetracycline (6 and 24%), gentamicin (71 and 45%), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (19 and 37%). The b-lactamase production was positive in more than 80% of isolates. These results show the presence of multiresistant strains in these three sources, which supports the control measures taken by health authorities with respect to avoiding the misuse and abuse of antibiotics.
Key words: Staphylococcus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistance coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), emerging infections.
Patricia Lozano-ZaraÃn, Ana Marta de los Ãngeles Lobo-Sánchez, Carmen Torres and Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia*, Antonio Rivera-Tapia, Ygnacio MartÃnez-Laguna, Zita Gutiérrez-Cázarez