ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey of 3rd generation cephalosporin genes in multi-resistant Salmonella serotypes from septic poultry and an asymptomatic healthy pig from Nigeria
Akinlabi O. Ogunleye1* and Steve A. Carlson2
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Accepted 23 February, 2019
Abstract
Occurrence and spread of Salmonella genes encoding AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is a major public health problem worldwide. These genes have been identified in Salmonella serotypes all over the world yet there is paucity of reports on these genes in Nigeria, despite the phenotypic evidence of resistance to beta- lactam drugs. The current work used a multiplex PCR to identify beta-lactam resistance genes in five Nigerian-origin Salmonella isolates exhibiting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The isolates included four strains isolated from septic poultry (two strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky and two strains of presumptive S. enterica serotype Pullorum) and one S. enterica serotype Give isolated from one of two hundred asymptomatic pigs. The predominant genes found in these Nigeria serotypes include: TEM, SHV, GES, OXA-2, ACCM, FOX, ECBM and DHAM. The presence of these plasmid-borne genes underscores the potential health risk of antibiotic resistance transfer from food animals to human in Nigeria because third-generation cephalosporin drugs are still the drug of choice in treating life-threatening systemic infections in Nigeria.
Key words: Salmonella, 3rd generation cephalosporin, multi-resistant, Nigeria.
Akinlabi O. Ogunleye*, Steve A. Carlson
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum strains
Yan Lu1, Hongyan Dong1, Sujuan Chen1, Yiping Chen2, Daxin Peng1* and Xiufan Liu1
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
2China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, P. R. China.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum causes acute or persistent infection in chickens, resulting in significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability of S. enterica Serovar Pullorum strains and association with the pathogenicity. A total of 62 S. enterica Serovar Pullorum isolates were measured for biofilm formation by crystal violet staining. Thirty-nine out of 62 strains were found to produce biofilm which were further confirmed by observation under light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of the major components for biofilm formation showed that bacterial colonies were smooth phenotype and the architecture of biofilm was composed of exopolysaccharides and curli other than cellulose. In addition, animal experiments were performed to determine the 50% lethal doses (LD50) of four S. enterica Serovar Pullorum isolates with or without biofilm-producing ability. Although the virulence of S. enterica Serovar Pullorum strains was independent of the ability of biofilm formation, prior growth as a biofilm for a biofilm producer of S. enterica Serovar Pullorum lead to enhanced virulence in chickens. The results suggested that biofilm may be one of the important virulence factors for S. enterica Serovar Pullorum infection.
Key words: Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum, biofilm, curli, virulence.
Daxin Peng* and Xiufan Liu, Yiping Chen, Hongyan Dong, Yan Lu, Sujuan Chen
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular study for detection of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Iranian cats
Farzad Shahrani1,2, Abbas Doosti1,2* and Asghar Arshi2
1Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Young Researchers Club, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects cats. This infectious disease is a form of cancer of blood cells called lymphocytes. FeLV occurs in nature not as a single genomic species but as a family of closely related viruses. The aim of present study was to detect FeLV in Iranian domestic cats Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifty six blood samples were tested for FeLV using molecular techniques and out of 56 samples overall frequency of FeLV infection was 2.2%. The results showed that FeLV is a specific infection and the other common feline infectious pathogens and FeLV seem to be endemic in Iranian cats Vaccination and testing programs have proven to be effective in decreasing FeLV infection in Iran and may potentially totally eliminate it at least in other countries.
Key words: Feline leukemia virus, PCR, Iranian domestic cats.
Abbas Doosti* and Asghar Arshi, Farzad Shahrani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid detection of Salmonella species using an improved gel-based DNA microarray method
Xuhong Ye1,2,3, Yiming Wang1,2 and Xiangui Lin1,2*
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71 Nanjing 210008, PR China.
2Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hongkong Baptist University and Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Salmonella, widely distributed in nature, is a great human and animal health hazard of a class of pathogens. Culture-based methods may require many days to detect Salmonella. Traditional microbiology could advantageously be replaced by DNA microarray technology. We described an improved 3-D polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray assay based on gyrB gene (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) sequences that can be used for the identification of Salmonella species. Primers specific for a gyrB gene region common to all 13 samples were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of purified DNA. An oligonucleotide probe for specific gyrB gene regions was developed for the identification of 7 Salmonella species. Acrylamide-modified oligonucleotides solutions containing acrylamide monomer, glycerol, APS and probe were prepared at the desired concentration. The solutions were spotted on the modified glass slide by ink jet using a microarrayer and then the slide was transferred to a vacuum chamber with TEMED, after that the slide was used for hybridization with fluorescently labeled ssDNA derived from amplified sample DNA to yield a pattern of positive spots. This microarray produced unique hybridization patterns for species of Salmonella and could differentiate closely related bacterial species. The sample preparation and microarray method used in this study increased sensitivity and reduces time-to-result for detection of Salmonella. The described method allowed microarray monitoring for Salmonella contamination of food and manure for aquaculture.
Key words: Salmonella, gyrB gene, PCR, DNA microarray, TEMED.
Yiming Wang and Xiangui Lin*, Xuhong Ye
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of high caffeine-tolerant bacterium strains from the soil of tea garden
Fang-Yuan Fan1, Yan Xu1, Yue-Rong Liang1, Xin-Qiang Zheng2, Devajit Borthakur1,3 and Jian-Liang Lu1*
1Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
2Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, China.
3Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Microbial biodegradation is an important and promising decaffeination approach because of its low cost and high security. The efficiency of this approach mainly depends on the characteristics of the strain. Twenty bacterium strains were isolated from soil of tea garden and exhibited high caffeine-tolerance, and these strains could grow on the medium supplemented with 20 g L-1 caffeine as the sole source for nitrogen and carbon. According to the physiological-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence blast, two of them (CT25 and CT75) were identified as Pseudomonas putida. The results also showed that caffeine was not the preferential nutrition source for growth of strain CT25, and high level caffeine inhibited the bacterium amplification although caffeine could be metabolized by this strain. The CT25 grew well in agitated liquid medium when the incubation temperature was around 30°C. High initial concentration of strain inoculums would improve the efficiency of caffeine degradation.
Key words: Caffeine-tolerant bacterium, identification, 16S rRNA gene, caffeine biodegradation, growth condition.
Devajit Borthakur and Jian-Liang Lu*, Fang-Yuan Fan, Xin-Qiang Zheng, Yan Xu, Yue-Rong Liang
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new recommended disinfectant for dental instruments
Jamileh bigom Taheri1, Mahin Bakhshi1, Sedigheh Bakhtiari1*, Bahare Nazemi2, Fateme Fallah3, Sahand Rezaie5, Hamed Mortazavi1 and Somayyeh Azimi4
1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
5General Practitioner, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Enduro hand sanitizer is a new disinfecting agent that has recently been introduced as an effective antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. Considering the importance of infection control in dentistry, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the foam and its ability to disinfect dental surfaces and instruments. An experimental study was designed to evaluate the microbial load of 50 samples which were obtained randomly from dental surfaces and instruments before and after application of the disinfecting foam. All samples were cultured in blood agar and nutrient agar culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colony count was subsequently performed after an additional 24 h. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the foam on different bacterial species, a blank disc was coated with foam and approximated with the bacteria. The clear zone around each disc was measured and reported (mm) after 48 h. The significance of differences between the data retrieved before and after applying the foam was determined using the non parametric Chi-square test. None of the species were colonized after the application of the foam. It was also shown to significantly reduce the colonization of resistant bacterial strains and the standard microbial species (P<0.05). Enduro hand sanitizer is an effective disinfectant capable of decontaminating dental instruments to the optimum level.
Key words: Antibacterial, disinfecting agent, dental instrument.
Mahin Bakhshi, Sedigheh Bakhtiari*, Fateme Fallah, Sahand Rezaie, Bahare Nazemi, Hamed Mortazavi and Somayyeh Azimi, Jamileh bigom Taheri
Page: 1 - 4