ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening for antimicrobial activities of marine molluscs Thais tissoti (Petit, 1852) and Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) against human, fish and biofilm pathogenic microorganisms
N. Sri Kumaran, S. Bragadeeswaran* and S. Thangaraj
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Annamalai University Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 10 January, 2020
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the presence of antimicrobial activities in the marine mollusc Thais tissoti and Babylonia spirata. In this study, the human bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia (10.02 ± 0.11 mm) and fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger (12.09 ± 0.06 mm) showed most sensitive to ethyl acetate extracts of T. tissoti. In B. spirata extracts, bacterial pathogen Proteus mirabilis (7.02 ± 0.04 mm) and fungal pathogen Candida albicans (8.13 ± 0.15* mm) exhibit high zone of inhibition against n-butanol extracts. Among the fish bacterial pathogens assayed, Aeromonas hydrophila (9.22 ± 0.03* mm) and fungal pathogen Ichthyophonus sp. (5.21 ± 0.11 mm) showed more sensitivity to n- butanol extract of T. tissoti. In B. spirata extracts, bacterial pathogen A. hydrophila (11.2 ± 0.6* mm) and fungal pathogens A. niger (15.12 ± 0.23* mm) showed most sensitive to n-butanol extracts. From biofilm bacteria, Micrococcus luteus (7.02 ± 0.11* mm), Micrococcus sp. (7.25 ± 0.03* mm) showed high sensitivity to n-butanol extracts of molluscs T. tissoti and B. spirata. These results signify that the marine mollusc extracts express remarkable antimicrobial activity against isolated microbes. The result strongly suggests that the molluscs extracts can be used as antimicrobial agents and further studies for purification and structural elucidation of antimicrobial drugs.
Key words: Antibacterial, antifungal, human pathogen, fish pathogen, biofilm, marine mollusks.
S. Bragadeeswaran* and S. Thangaraj, N. Sri Kumaran
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies on the microorganisms associated with dried meat (Tinko) sold in Ilorin, Nigeria
A. E. Ajiboye1*, O. M. Kolawole2, T. O. Oladosu2, M. R. Adedayo1 and J. K. Akintunde1
1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete P. M. B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 30 July, 2019
Abstract
Dried meat (Tinko) samples obtained from the Oja-Oba market in Ilorin metropolis during the rainy season were investigated for their microbial flora and the sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to different chemotherapeutic antibiotics under two different storage conditions (Cupboard and Refrigerator) for a period of five weeks revealed that the moisture content of dried meat samples stored in the cupboard increased from 35 to 65%, while those in the refrigerator had an initial increase from 50 to 55% for the first two weeks of storage and became constant through the period of storage. Bacteria and Fungi isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Neisseria sp., Acinetobacter sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Bacterial isolates showed resistance to selected antibiotics (erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, streptomycin, ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and clindamycin) except for Neisseria sp. which was sensitive to the antibiotics. The total bacterial count increased in the dried meat stored in the cupboard (2.5 × 107 to 3.3 × 107 cfu/ml) while it decreased in the meat samples stored in the refrigerator (2.0 × 107 to 1.4 × 107 cfu/ml).
Key words: Antibiotics, dried meat, bacteria, fungi, storage.
O. M. Kolawole, T. O. Oladosu, A. E. Ajiboye*, M. R. Adedayo and J. K. Akintunde
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/ajmr/1027Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis type B viruses (HBV) infections in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Alireza Khodavandi1٭, Ramin Yaghobi2, Fahimeh Alizadeh3, Mitra Mirzaee2, Mahdi Roshan Nia4 and Mani Ramzi5
1Department of Paramedical Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
2Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
3Department of Paramedical Sciences, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran.
4Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
5Hematology Research Center and Bone Marrow Transplant Unite, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Accepted 10 September, 2019
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) by infecting and encourage proliferative process of the mononuclear cells, may implicate in lymphomagenesis including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Therefore, in this study the prevalence of GBV-C/HGV and HBV infections were evaluated in patients with NHL and controls. In a cross sectional study, blood samples were collected from 70 patients with NHL and 100 healthy controls. The infective markers of GBV-C/HGV and HBV viruses were evaluated in both studied groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, respectively. Anti-E2-Ab was detected in 1.4 of 70(1%) of NHL patients who has not the history of HBV infections. HGV-RNA was diagnosed in 2 of 70 (2.9%) of NHL patients and one of them was also shown the history of HBV infection. HGV-RNA was diagnosed in 1of 100 (1%) of controls but none of them was shown seroconversion to GBV-C/ HGV. HBV-DNA was found in 8 of 70 (11.6%) of NHL patients and 2 of 100 (2%) of controls. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of: HBV-DNA (P=0.013), HBsAb (P=0.001), and HBc-IgG-Ab (P=0.002) between NHL and controls. Determination of active and persistent infections of GBV-C/ HGV with or without HBV infection in NHL patients compared with control population proposed an association between viral hepatitis infections and NHL.
Key words: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), GB virus C (GBV-C), hepatitis G virus (HGV).
Ramin Yaghobi, Fahimeh Alizadeh, Alireza KhodavandiÙ, Mahdi Roshan Nia and Mani Ramzi, Mitra Mirzaee
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/ajmr/1026Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phenotypic and plant growth promoting characteristics of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae from lentil growing areas of Ethiopia
Mulissa Jida1,2* and Fassil Assefa1
1Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Life Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopa.
2Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Science, Wollega University, Ethiopia.
Accepted 09 January, 2020
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culnaris Medik.) is an invaluable source of protein for the vast majority of Ethiopian people. It also maintains soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen-fixation in association with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. The aim of this study was selecting symbiotically efficient native lentil nodulating rhizobia endowed with different plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. Hence, 30 lentil nodulating rhizobial isolates were isolated from soils collected from different farmer fields found in Central and Northern parts of the country. All isolates were characterized based on morphological, physiological, symbiotic and PGP characteristics. The result of this study showed that these isolates have exhibited interesting features such as wide range of carbon-sources and nitrogen sources utilization, tolerance to acidic and alkaline pH, metal toxicity and antibiotics. Symbiotic characterization indicated that all tested isolates have showed great diversity in their capacity to nodulate their host plant and produce shoot dry matter yield under glasshouse conditions. In addition, they showed PGP characteristics such as IAA production and inorganic phosphate solubilization. Out of all tested isolates 36.7% of them were IAA producer while only 16.7% were insoluble inorganic phosphate solubilizer. In general, from the present study, it can be concluded that Ethiopian soils harbor highly efficient nitrogen-fixing lentil nodulating rhizobia which are diverse in their morphological, physiological and symbiotic characteristics.
Key words: Lentil, Rhizobium, Ethiopia, IAA production, phosphate solubilization.
Fassil Assefa, Mulissa Jida*
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/ajmr/1025Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Exopolysaccharide production by Bacillus cereus GU812900, a fouling marine bacterium
S. Bragadeeswaran*, R. Jeevapriya, K. Prabhu, S. Sophia Rani, S. Priyadharsini and T. Balasubramanian
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, TN, India.
Accepted 20 January, 2020
Abstract
The aim of the study was to isolate the exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the active biofilm bacterium Bacillus cereus GU 812900 which was isolated from the stainless steel test panel and deployed in the Vellar estuary for a period of about four weeks. The deployed stainless steel test panels when analyzed revealed a direct relationship between the rate of corrosion and the concentration of EPS that is, the rate of corrosion increased with an increase in the concentration of EPS and the period of immersion. Growth and EPS production by B. cereus strain GU812900 was studied in a basalt salt solution (BSS) containing (g/1); NaCl, 30.0; KCl 0.75; MgSO4.7H2O, 7.0; NH4Cl, 1.0; K2HPO4, 0.7; KH2PO4. 0.3; glucose, 10.0 and 1 ml of trace metal solution. The rate of EPS production in batch cultures was highest during the late log phase of the growth then stationary phase. The EPS was recovered from the culture supernatant by using ethanol precipitation – dialysis procedure. Chemical composition of EPS revealed that it is primarily composed of natural sugars, proteins, phosphates and sulphates. The EPS production was influenced by carbon, nitrogen and phosphate concentrations in the growth medium. EPS produced by B. cereus GU812900 is a heteropolysaccharide which influence the corrosion. The FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups of the EPS. The results of the study was expressed the relationship between biocorrosion and biofilm formation of the stainless steel test panels.
Key words: Biofilm, exopolysaccharides (EPS), sequencing, secondary metabolite, characterization, FTIR analysis.
R. Jeevapriya, S. Bragadeeswaran*, K. Prabhu, S. Priyadharsini and T. Balasubramanian, S. Sophia Rani
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Vibrio parahaemolyticus’ thermostable direct hemolysin disrupts actin and activates caspase-3 in Rat-1 cells
Rochman Naim1*, Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu2, Tetsuya Iida3 and Takeshi Honda3
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
2Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
3Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Accepted 17 January, 2020
Abstract
In our previous studies, Rat-1 cells treated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) developed morphological changes including shrinkage and rounding of the cells. Such alterations suggest that TDH stimulates reorganization of the cellular cytoskeleton. In the current study, the effects of TDH on actin cytoskeleton, chromatin, and caspase-3 were evaluated. Rat-1 cells treated with TDH 5 µg/ml showed redistribution of actin with loss of stress fibers, a floccular staining pattern, cellular membrane blebbing, and cell rounding as assessed by fluorescent actin-staining. This actin redistribution was time dependent. Actin was rapidly disappeared within 10 min after TDH exposure, and the maximal effect was detected by 30 min. TDH-treated cells also showed chromatin condensation which is time dependent. The changes were also detected by as early as 10 min, with the maximal effect by 20 min. Moreover, caspase-3 was activated in TDH-treated Rat-1 cells by time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor (ZVAD-FMK) partially reduced the activation of caspase-3 in the TDH-treated cells. All of the changes found in this study appear to be linked, and the findings, especially activation of caspase-3 in TDH-treated Rat-1 cells, provide a new insight into TDH-mediated cytotoxicity.
Key words: Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Rat-1 cells, actin disruption, caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation.
Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu, Rochman Naim*, Tetsuya Iida and Takeshi Honda
Page: 1 - 6