ISSN 2736-1756
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance by an automated system in a tertiary care hospital
Jethwani Urmi N.*, Mulla Summaiya A., Shah Latika N. and Panwala Tanvi R.
Deparment of Microbiology, Government Medical College,Surat. Gujarat, India.
Accepted 22 March, 2019
Abstract
Clindamycin is commonly used in treatment of erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing skin and soft tissue infections. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to ‘erm’ genes resulting in treatment failure thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a rapid method. In the era of automation, vitek-2 system provides a panel for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance with conjunction of other antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The present study evaluated the performance of a vitek-2 card for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in a tertiary care hospital. Non-duplicate clinical isolates of hundred S. aureus were obtained from various clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out, including detection of clindamycin resistance and methicillin resistance pattern by vitek-2 identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ID/AST) system by using AST-GP67 card. The results were compared to those of D-test as per CLSI guidelines on erythromycin resistant isolates. EPI INFO software, Licensed by CDC Atlanta was used for analysis of data. The sensitivity and specificity for the vitek-2 card was 95.4 and 100%, respectively in comparism to disk approximation test (D-test),. The performance of vitek-2 card was 100% specific and rapid for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance with other antimicrobial susceptibility results.
Key words: Automated system, constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B) phenotype, inducible MLSB phenotype, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), msrA gene (MS phenotype).
Shah Latika N. and Panwala Tanvi R., Jethwani Urmi N.*, Mulla Summaiya A.
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from different sources of Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz
1Mohammad Taghi Akhi, 1* Tahere Pirzade, 2 Behruz Naghili, 3 and Mortaza Gojazade4
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran.
2Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran.
3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran.
Accepted 23 April, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from different sources. Two hundred stool samples of staff, patients (at admission to the wards and the same patients after seven days of hospitalization), and 135 samples of hospital environment were collected. Three standard methods including direct plating onto cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar, alcohol shock and enrichment culture with 0.1% sodium taurocholate were used to isolate C. difficile. All C. difficile isolates identified by biochemical tests and were tested by disk diffusion agar using 15 antibiotic disks. MIC of isolates was determined for vancomycin and metronidazol by Etest. Seventy C. difficile were isolated from different sources. No resistant isolates to vancomicin and metronidazol were detected by disk diffusion or Etest. The rate of recovery by 0.1% sodium taurocholate enrichment method and alcohol shock was significantly higher than those by CCFA (pv 0.02, pv 0.04).
Key words: Clostridium difficile, antibiotic resistance, vancomycin, metronidazol.
Behruz Naghili and Mortaza Gojazade, * Tahere Pirzade, Mohammad Taghi Akhi
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genotypic distribution of rotavirus strains causing severe gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old in Borazjan, Iran
Mohammad Kargar 1* Akram Najafi1 and Keivan Zandi2 and Zahra Hashemizadeh3
1Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.
2Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Science and Health Services, Bushehr, Iran.
3Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Unversity Of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
Accepted 12 March, 2019
Abstract
Rotaviruses are recognized as the most common causes of severe gastroenteritis and death among children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and the prevalence of different G genotypes of rotaviruses circulating in children aged <5 years old who were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Borazjan City, Iran. This cross sectional-descriptive study was done on 316 fecal samples collected from children aged <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis. All the stool specimens were tested for rotavirus with enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Rotavirus-positive specimens were genotyped by the Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and using different type specific primers. Out of total collected samples rotavirus infection was detected in 88 (27.85%) . Of the rotavirus episodes, 79.54% occurred during the first 2 years of life, with the peak prevalence of severe rotavirus disease occurring in cold seasons. Among the common genotypes, G1 was the most predominant (52.27% of strains) and other identified genotypes included non-typeable, G9 and G4, 40.90%, 4.54% and 2.27% of isolates, respectively. Because of the high frequency of rotavirus infection it is important to continue rotavirus surveillance in the other regions of Iran to determine accurately the burden of rotavirus disease and the emerging new genotypes. This will assist policy makers in decision making on rotavirus vaccine introduction.
Key words: Human rotaviruses, diarrhea, genotypes, children, surveillance.
i , Keivan Z, Mohammad Kargar* Akram Najafi, Zahra Hashemizadeh
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of bacterial and Candida albicans infection amongst women attending Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
Isibor, J. O.1, Samuel, S. O.2*, Nwaham, C. I.3, Amanre I. N.1, Igbinovia, O.4 and Akhile, A. O.3
1Department of Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
4Department of Community Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Bacterial and other pathogens often infect the female genital tract causing disease in most women, sometimes with severe complications. A number of vaginal infections present with few or no symptoms and yet could still be transmissible to sexual partners of infected persons. Poor socio- economic status, lack of diagnostic facilities and shortage of effective treatment all contribute to the high incidence of sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections. In this study we investigated mixed bacterial and Candida albicans infections in antenatal and gynecology attendees in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria. Seventy-five high vaginal swab specimens were collected from female patients (18- 49 years) attending ante-natal and gynecology clinics of the hospital. Specimens were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Wet preparations were examined microscopically for presence of white blood cells (WBC) which suggested an infection, and yeast cells. The swabs were inoculated on MacConkey, Blood, and Chocolate agars, incubated at 37°C for 24 h, as well as Sabouraud Dextrose agar, incubated at room temperature for a few days. Of the seventy-five specimens analyzed, 56 (74.7%) isolates were from symptomatic patients while 25 (44.6%) were from asymptomatic patients. C. albicans was the most isolated pathogen with 35 (47.7%) isolates, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with 25 (29.8%), E. coli, 11 (13.1%), Klebsiella spp, 5 (6.0%) Enterococcus faecalis, 4(4.8%), Proteus spp 3 (3.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1(1.2%). This analysis revealed that candidiasis caused by C. albicans and infection with S. aureus is still the major health problems among females in this locality. The need for regular check- up at the clinics as well as personal hygiene is highly recommended in order to forestall avoidable infections.
Key words: Bacteria, Candida albicans, infection, antenatal, gynecology, attendees, Irrua, Nigeria.
S. O*, C. I, Igbinovia , Isibor , J. O, Nwaham , O and Akhile, Amanre I. N, A. O, Samuel
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium scordium L. (Lamiaceae) extracts
Tatjana Kundakovi 1*, Marina Milenkovi 2, Aleksandra Topi 3, Tatjana Stanojkovi 4, Zorica Jurani 4 and Branislava Lakuši 5
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
3Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
4Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
5Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Accepted 03 April, 2019
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of cyclohexane, dichlormethane and methanol extracts of Teucrium scordium subspec. scordioides was studied. Cyclohexane and dichlormethane extracts of T. scordium possessed high citotoxicity against MDA-MB- 361 cells (IC50=130.33±0.1 g/ml and IC50=189.89±3.99 g/ml, respectively). Dichlormethane extract was more effective against MDA-MB-453 cell line (IC50=130.33 ± 0.1 g/ml). The methanol extract of T. scordium possessed no cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453. Herb extracts of T. scordium have shown weak antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with no activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans.
Key words: Teucrium scordium subsp. scordioides, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity.
Zorica Jurani and Branislava Lakuši, Tatjana Stanojkovi, Aleksandra Topi, Tatjana Kundakovi*, Marina Milenkovi
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessing the potential of Tetradenia riparia in treatment of common skin conditions in rural communities of South Africa
R. M. Coopoosamy* and K. K. Naidoo
Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P. O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Accepted 20 March, 2019
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia has been used by traditional healers for treatment against various ailments including wound healing and skin sores. The scientific validation of the use of T. riparia against selected strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as selected fungal strains has substantiated the use by traditional healers. The relatively high inhibitory concentration for both bacterial and fungal strains further indicated the high value of this plant species in the medicinal world and could aid in treatment of secondary infections, such as, mouth sores, pelvic or vaginal sores in individuals who are HIV/AIDS infected.
Key words: Tetradenia riparia, iboza, antimicrobial, traditional medicines.
R. M. Coopoosamy*, K. K. Naidoo
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