ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antiviral activity and mode of action of Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Lupinus termes L. seed extracts against in vitro herpes simplex and hepatitis A viruses infection
Ahmed B. Barakat1*, Sahar A. Shoman1, N. Dina2 and Omar R. Alfarouk1
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Department of water pollution, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
Accepted 28 January, 2018
Abstract
Crude extracts of sixteen seeds belonging to different plant species were tested for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and hepatitis A virus-27 (HAV-27). Non-toxic concentration (20 µg/ml) of Dianthus caryophyllus and Lupinus termes seed extracts to both Vero and HepG2 cells showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV-27 using plaque infectivity count assay. The mechanism of action D. caryophyllus revealed its virucidal activity against HSV-1 and HAV-27 as 92.3 and 92.6%, respectively, while, the virucidal activity of L. termes was observed only against HAV-27 giving 93.7% of inhibition. No effect was detected for both extracts on adsorption or on the stages of virus replication. A comparison has been done between the antiviral activity of two therapeutic drugs (Acyclovir and Amentadine used as controls for HSV-1 and HAV-MBB, respectively) and the two tested seed extracts. The results revealed that these seed extracts were more efficient in their inhibitory activity than synthetic chemical drugs against the same viruses. This may open the way to give more attention to use the natural botanical origin in treatmenting viral infection with or without therapeutic agents to obtain better recovery with least side effects.
Key words: Antiviral seed extract, herpes virus infection, hepatitis virus infection, amantadine, acyclovir.
Sahar A. Shoman, Ahmed B. Barakat*, N. Dina and Omar R. Alfarouk
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro activity of aminoglycosides, lactam-lactamases inhibitor combinations and tetracyclines against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from a tertiary care hospital
Afreenish Hassan1*, Javaid Usman1, Fatima Kaleem1, Aslam Khan2 and Zakir Hussain1
1Department of Microbiology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
2Military hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Accepted 13 May, 2018
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen, particularly in intensive care units. Isolates of A. baumannii resistant to major groups of antibiotics have been identified. These multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms are limiting the treatment options. The study was performed to determine the in vitro activity of aminoglycosides, lactam- lactamase inhibitor combinations and tetracyclines against MDR A. baumannii, isolated from a tertiary care hospital. The study was carried out from January, 2009 - August, 2009, at the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College/National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan looking after an 1100 bedded tertiary care hospital. Routine clinical specimens were received from various wards. A. baumannii was identified by using standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline,) was performed according to CLSI guidelines using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. Resistance to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and the beta-lactams were observed in significant proportion of fifty isolates. Among the aminoglycosides, the isolates were more susceptible to tobramycin than gentamicin and amikacin. Cefoperazone-sulbactam was superior to piperacillin-tazobactam and ampicillin -sulbactam in activity against MDR A. baumannii. Both tigecycline and minocycline were the active agents against most isolates. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter infections are posing an increasing threat to our population. Minocycline, tobramycin and cefoperazone-sulbactam provide an effective option against infections caused by resistant A. baumannii.
Key words: Aminoglycosides, -lactam/ -lactamase inhibitor combinations, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter, tetracyclines.
Aslam Khan and Zakir Hussain, Javaid Usman, Afreenish Hassan*, Fatima Kaleem
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-011, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative analysis of antibacterial activities of Xenorhabdus species on related and non-related bacteria in vivo
András Fodor1,2,4*, Andrea M. Fodor2,7, Steven Forst3, Joseph S. Hogan4, Michael G. Klein5, Katalin Lengyel2, Gyula Sáringer1, Erko Stackebrandt6, R. A. J. Taylor5 and Éva Lehoczky1
1Institute of Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák Ferenc utca 17, Hungary.
2Institute of Biology, Departments Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest, Hungary, H-1117; Hungary.
3Department of Biology, Lapham Hall, Milwaukee, WI; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Arizona USA.
4Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University (OSU), OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, Ohio 44691; USA.
5Department of Entomology, OSU, OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, Ohio 44691; USA.
6DSMZ, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganizmen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
7MCIC, OSU, OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA.
Accepted 25 June, 2018
Abstract
Insect-nematode-bacterium mutualistic associations provide attractive systems for discovery of inter kingdom signal compounds and antibiotics. A better understanding of the biological meaning of the inter-specific diversity of compounds with antimicrobial activity of the Steinernema-symbiont Xenorhabdus bacteria may provide options for simultaneous applications in pathogen control. Anti-bacterial activities of representative strains of Xenorhabdus budapestensis, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii, Xenorhabdus innexi, Xenorhabdus ehlersii, Xenorhabdus nematophila, Xenorhabdus bovienii and Xenorhabdus cabanillassii were tested on non-related (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and on each other by previously published bioassays. All active compounds were adsorbed by AmberliteR XAD1180. Chemical and thermal stability of antibacterial factors were determined. Antibiotic factors produced by different Xenorhabdus species against each other differ from those used against other competing bacterial genera. Anti-Xenorhabdus activity of the cell-free medium and sensitivity of the cells of other Xenorhabdus strains negatively correlated in X. innexi and X. bovienii. Some activity remained unchanged during high pressure and 121°C for 10 min. The first comparative analysis of the intraspecific antibacterial activities of Xenorhabdus species demonstrated that some Xenorhabdus species with strong antibacterial activity could be co-cultured and they might be used simultaneously for pathogen control.
Key words: Xenorhabdus, autoclaveable antimicrobials, intra-generic, cross-tolerance.
Gyula Sáringer, Erko Stackebrandt, R. A. J. Taylor and Éva Lehoczky, Michael G. Klein, Andrea M. Fodor, Katalin Lengyel, Steven Forst, Joseph S. Hogan, András Fodor*
Page: 1 - 11
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-002, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Investigation of symbiosis between VAM fungi and root of Patchouli (Pogostemum cablin Bent.)
A. Misra* and M. L. Gupta
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India.
Accepted 30 July, 2018
Abstract
Patchouli (Pogostemum cablin Bent.) is a highly valued aromatic plant. Vesicular-arbascular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were obtained from the roots of Pogostemon cablin. The presence of VAM improved seedling growth by facilitating the nutrient uptake of P and Zn in the P and Zn depleted soils of the controlled region of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants farm. VAM fungi were identified as Glomus fasciculatum. Application of G. fasiculatum can be successfully used for plantation of Pogostemon cablin, and its sustainability on an entisol degraded soils.
Key words: Patchouli, VAM, Zn, Ca, and micronutrients.
A. Misra*, M. L. Gupta
Page: 1 - 2
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Presence of antibiotic resistant coliforms in sachet water sold in some parts of South Eastern Nigeria
Afiukwa, Ngozi Felicitas1, Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus1*, Afiukwa Celestine Azubuike1, Ayogu Thomas Eze2,3, Onwa Ndubuisi Collins1 and Nwuzo Agabus Chidiebube1
1Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
3Department of Food Technology, Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, P. M. B. 01079, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 April, 2018
Abstract
Three hundred sachet water samples produced in Enugu and Onitsha namely: Aqua Rapha, Bejoy, Teck Tack, SO and Rock Tama were collected from six different batches. They were screened for the presence of faecal coliforms using standard microbiology techniques. Sachet- water samples contaminated with faecal coliforms were selected and tested for their susceptibility to fourteen different antibiotics by disc diffusion method. 80 (26.6%) were contaminated with faecal coliforms as follows: Aqua Rapha 25 (41.6%) specifically (ESCHERICHA COLI, ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp.), Rock Tama 1 (1.6%) (E. COLI,), Bejoy 20 (33.3%) (E. COLI, ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp.) , Teck Tack 9 (15%) (E. COLI, ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp.), and SO 33 (55%) (E. COLI, ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp). Susceptibility studies showed that E. COLI was highly resistance to trimethroprim, sulphamethoxazole/trimethroprim, ampicillin, aztrenoman, ceftazidime, and cefpirome but susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp. were totally resistance to all the antibiotics tested. We report the presence of multi-drug resistance fecal coliform in the form of E. COLI, ENTEROBACTER and KLEBSIELLA spp. from sachet- water.
Key words: Sachet water, feacal coliform, antibiotics, multi-drug resistance.
Afiukwa Celestine Azubuike, Ngozi Felicitas, Afiukwa , Onwa Ndubuisi Collins and Nwuzo Agabus Chidiebube, Ayogu Thomas Eze, Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biological control of olive leaf spot (peacock spot disease) caused by Cycloconium oleaginum (Spilocea oleaginea)
Mahmoud Al-Khatib1*, Khalaf Alhussaen1, Nasser El-Banna2 and Morouj Zyadeh3
1Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash Private University, Jerash-Jordan.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarka – Jordan.
3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jerash Private University, Jerash-Jordan.
Accepted 03 April, 2018
Abstract
We report the antifungal activity of eight different bacterial isolates (Bacillus megaterium NB-3, Bacillus cereus NB-4, B. cereus NB -5, Bacillus subtilis NB-6, Corynebacterium xerosis NB- 2, Burkholderia mallei NB-8, B. subtilis (HNEB-1) and B. cereus NEB II voru) against the olive leaf spot fungus (Cycloconium oleaginum). B. subtilis NB-6 (6.88 cm2), B. megaterium NB-3 (7.13 cm2), B. subtilis HNEB-1 (7.63 cm2) and B. cereus NB-4(7.88 cm 2) were found to control significantly the growth of C. oleaginum, where the strains of C. xerosis NB-2 (12.75 cm2), B. mallei NB-8 (15.63 cm2) and B. cereus NB-5 (16.25 cm2) controlled the fungal growth under the experimental conditions. B. cereus NEBII voru is the only tested bacterial strain that enhanced the fungal growth of C. oleaginum under our experimental conditions (46.25 cm2).
Key words: Bacillus, antifungal, biological control, olive Leaf spot, Burkholderia, Corynebacterium, Cycloconium oleaginum.
Khalaf Alhussaen1, Nasser El-Banna and Morouj Zyadeh, Mahmoud Al-Khatib*
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