ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Conjugational transfer and survival of plasmid encoding silver and antibiotic resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumannii
Mohammad Reza Shakibaie1*, Pershant Dhakephalker2, Balu Parnab Kapadnis3 and Balu Ananda Chopade4
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Comittee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Agarkar Agriculture Institute, Pune, India.
3Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune - 411007, India.
4Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune - 411007 Maharashtra State, India.
Accepted 7 September, 2009
Abstract
In this investigation we tried to transfer plasmid encoded silver and antibiotic resistance genes from Acinetobacter baumannii BL54 to E. coli k12 J53.2 and Pseudomonas (a soil microflora) by conjugation and transformation in different soil microcosms and study the survival of the isolated bacterium in each soil. Clay loam, fine clay, sandy and clay soils were collected from different area of mahrashtra in India. Microcosm was developed for each type of soil in the glass tube (150 x 25 mm) with 2 g soil moistened with 1 ml 0.5% sterile saline. The conjugation frequency was lowest in sterile clay soil with frequency of 0.2 x 10-6, while, it was maximum in clay loam soil with frequency of 0.6 x 10-6. Similarly, in non- sterile soil microcosms, the rate of conjugation was highest in clay loam soil with frequency of 0.09 x 10-6 while was lowest in sandy soil (0.03 x 10-6). Rapid death of the organisms was observed within 9 days of incubation in presence of selection in sandy soil, while in fine clay, survival of the organisms was extended beyond 11 days. The Pseudomonas transformant survived for more than 40 days in presence of selection. From above results it can be concluded that plasmid mediated silver and antibiotic resistant genes were transferred in different soil by conjugation process. However, the rate of conjugation was affected by soil type. Soil transformant considerably survived in fine clay containing high amount of organic carbon and neutral pH as compared to sandy soil.
Key words: Conjugation, soil type, survival, plasmid, Acinetobacter baumannii.
Pershant Dhakephalker, Balu Parnab Kapadnis and Balu Ananda Chopade, Mohammad Reza Shakibaie*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative studies of antibacterial effect of some antibiotics and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on two pathogenic bacteria
A. Sebiomo*, A. D. Awofodu, A. O. Awosanya, F. E. Awotona and A. J. Ajayi
Department of Biological Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun Ijebu-Ode Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 May, 2018
Abstract
This study investigated the comparative effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and some antibiotics on two pathogenic bacteria. The plant extracts were prepared by weighing the plant leaves and root (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g) into 100 mls of water and ethanol (at g/100 ml) and grounded to determine the extract concentrations. Serial dilutions of the antibiotics used were prepared to determine the various antibiotic concentrations. The results obtained showed that ginger extract of both the plant and root showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes while the three antibiotics used (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline) were also active but at less extent compared to ginger extract. The concentration of the plant extract had significant effect on the zone of inhibition on both organisms. The concentration of the three antibiotics had significant effect on the zone of inhibition for both organisms. This result showed that ethanol extracts of ginger both leaf and root can be used alongside conventional antibiotics to fight agents of infections that are so prevalent in the hospitals.
Key words: Ginger, zone of inhibition, extract, antibacterial.
F. E. Awotona and A. J. Ajayi, A. Sebiomo*, A. D. Awofodu, A. O. Awosanya
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Potentials of Gladiolus corms as an antimicrobial agent in food processing and traditional medicine
Sunday J. Ameh1*, Obiageri O. Obodozie1, Patrick O. Olorunfemi2, Innocent E. Okoliko3 and Nelson A. Ochekpe
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and
Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
Accepted 17 April, 2018
Abstract
The genus Gladiolus (Family: Iridaceae) has 260 species of a perennial herb. In West Africa the corms of Gladiolus species are used in food and Traditional Medicine, often in combination with other plant materials. This study aimed at verifying the basis for the use of these corms in both instances. Aqueous extracts of the corms obtained in Benue State, Nigeria, were tested for antimicrobial effects; and screened for key phytochemicals. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated by measuring the diameters of inhibition zones on agar plates, using clinical isolates of the bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes; and the fungi: Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. The results showed that the extracts, at concentrations of 75 – 400 mg of the plant material per mL of water, were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger, but relatively inactive against the others. The extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and carbohydrates, but attempts at TLC separation were only marginally successful. The somewhat selective antimicrobial effects of the extracts do however; suggest the basis for the use of these corms. But the presence of cardiac glycosides - a cardiotoxin, calls for caution in their use.
Key words: Gladiolus, corm, iridaceae, antimicrobial, food processing, traditional medicine, phytochemicals, Benue State.
Potentials of Gladiolus corms as an antimicrobial agent in food processing and traditional medicine
Obiageri O. Obodozie, Patrick O. Olorunfemi, Innocent E. Okoliko and Nelson A. Ochekpe, Sunday J. Ameh*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove), Achyranthes bidentata (Datiwan) and Azadirachta indica (Neem)
Bishnu Joshi*, Govind Prasad Sah, Buddha Bahadur Basnet, Megh Raj Bhatt, Dinita Sharma, Krishna Subedi, Janardhan Pandey and Rajani Malla
Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
Accepted 22 April, 2018
Abstract
Aqueous ethanolic extract of four medicinal plants were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assay against human pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa employing cup diffusion method. Among four plants tested Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove) was found to be the most effective against S. typhi. All the plants were ineffective against E. coli and K. pneumonia. Achyranthes bidentata was found to be ineffective against all the tested organisms. The largest zone of inhibition (22 mm) was obtained with E. caryophyllata against S. typhi and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value of 5 mg/l was obtained with Azadirachta indica against S. typhi. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were found to be resistant with all the plant extracts. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and reducing sugars. Thin layer chromatography was also performed using solvent system chloroform, methanol and water (10:10:3) for the analysis of lipid present in plant extract. The present study will be successful in identifying candidate plant with different antimicrobial activity which could be further exploited for isolation and characterization of the novel phytochemicals in the treatment of infectious disease especially in light of the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and the need to produce more effective antimicrobial agents.
Key words: Antibacterial property, drug resistance, medicinal plant, zone of inhibition.
Buddha Bahadur Basnet, Govind Prasad Sah, Krishna Subedi, Dinita Sharma, Bishnu Joshi*, Janardhan Pandey and Rajani Malla, Megh Raj Bhatt
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial agents from the leaf of Struchium sparganophora (Linn) Ktze, Asteraceae
L.S. Kasim1*, V.A. Ferro2, O.A. Odukoya3, Allan Drummond4, G.E. Ukpo3, Veronique Seidel4, A. I. Gray4 and Roger Waigh4.
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.
2Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK.
3Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Lagos, Idi- Araba, Lagos. Nigeria.
4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR UK.
Accepted 4 July, 2018
Abstract
Three Antimicrobial agents from the leaf of Struchium sparganophora were isolated by chromatographic methods and characterized. The microbial inhibitory activity of these compounds was investigated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of some of these compounds was similar in some of the micro-organisms used for the tests except Klebsiella. aerogenes and the fungus Candida albicans where all the compounds showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 50 and 6.25 µg/ml. Luteolin and 3 methyl 2, 6, hexacosedienol significantly inhibited the growth of the two fungi (P<0.05) while vernodalin did not show strong activity against Aspergillus niger with MIC of 100 ug/ml. These compounds contribute to the anti-infective use of this plant in folkloric medicine and also these compounds could be used as natural antimicrobial agents in the food preservation and human health.
Key words. Struchium sparganophora, antimicrobial, luteolin, vernodalin, 3 methyl, 2, 6 hexacosedienol.
Veronique Seidel, V.A. Ferro, O.A. Odukoya, A. I. Gray and Roger Waigh, L.S. Kasim*, Allan Drummond, G.E. Ukpo
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Preliminary screening of antimycobacterial effect of psychrophillic Actinomycetes isolated from Manali ice point: Himachal predesh
A. Raja1* and P. Prabakaran2
1Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India.
2Department of Microbiology, PRIST University, Tanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 10 June, 2018
Abstract
Totally, 128 psychrophilic actinomycetes were isolated and 14 were found to be facultative psychrophilic which were selected to determine the antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results showed that, four strains were active against the test organism M. tuberculosis. The active isolates screened in the present study were found to be highly effective and comes under Streptomycetes species (RH7 and RH8), Micromonospora species (RH9) and Micropolyspora species (RH12). All the isolates capable of producing metabolites and their presence were confirmed by TLC. The ‘active culture filtrate’ showed ‘only one band’ and its functional Group Is low molecular weight neutral compounds and amines were determined based on their solubility and pH.
Key words: Psychrophilic actinomycetes, glaciers, drug resistance, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primary amines.
P. Prabakaran, A. Raja*
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