Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morinda officinalis How enhances exercise endurance and possesses protective effects against oxidative stress of the rats after exercise

Zhang Dao-rong¹*, Wan Yu¹, Zu Jing¹, Zhan Jian-guo², Li Lei¹ and Bai Jian-qing¹

¹College of physical education, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China.

²Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Accepted 23 July, 2017

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Morinda officinalis How (RMO) on exercise endurance capacity and exercise-related changes in lipid peroxidation. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were taken in the study, and the animals were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) including one control group and three RMO administered groups (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight). The RMO extracts were administered every day orally using intragastric tube for 30 days. Forced swimming test was performed with a weight corresponding to 3% body weight attached to the tail. Forced swimming time and biochemical parameters were measured. The result indicated RMO could enhance exercise endurance and possessed protective effects against oxidative stress of the rats after exercise. The study also revealed that RMO elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, suggesting that RMO were able to up-regulate antioxidant enzymes to protect against oxidative stress- induced injury after exercise. In addition, RMO also possessed the ability to retard and lower the blood lactate produced after exercise.

Key words: Morinda officinalis How, endurance capacity, lipid peroxidation, exercise.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and J. W. Grimes

Nina Claudia Barboza da Silva¹*, Maria Apparecida Esquibel², Jaci do Espírito Santo Santos³, Mara Zélia de Almeida⁴, Corine Silva Sampaio⁴ and Tânia Fraga Barros⁴

¹Plant Production Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário s/n, Cx. Postal 16, 29500-000, Alegre-ES, Brazil.

²Plant Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, bloco K, 2° andar, sala 20 - Ilha do Fundão, 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.

³Barra II Community Association, 44859-000, Morro do Chapéu-BA, Brazil.

⁴Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, Av. Barão Geremoabo, 40170- 240 Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Accepted 5 July, 2017

Abstract

The usage of Abarema cochliacarpos (Mimosaceae) in traditional medicine by many communities in Brazil for diseases such as leucorrhea and dermatitis and as an antiseptic might indicate its antimicrobial activities. In order to assay in vitro antimicrobial activity, three extracts (hot aqueous extract, cold aqueous extract and methanol extract) from stem bark of A. cochliacarpos were tested against a panel of standard microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 6835, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404) and multiresistant clinical isolates (S. aureus MR 01, MR02 and MR03). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated through the disk diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the micro dilution method. The results indicated that both aqueous extracts are active against gram-positive bacteria (M. luteus ATCC 9341, S. aureus ATCC 6835, and all clinical multiresistant samples) and against gram -negative bacteria (S. choleraesuis ATCC 10708). MIC values ranged between 5.0 and 15.62 µg/ml for gram-positive bacteria. The methanol extract gave a positive result only for gram-positive bacteria (ATTC standards M. luteus and S. aureus and all clinical multiresistant samples).

Key words: Abarema cochliacarpos, antimicrobial activity, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, medicinal plant, traditional use.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinical isolating outer membrane protein pattern from Avian Escherichia coli of China

Zhang Tie*, Wang Chun-guang and Zhao Xing-hua

College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Dingzhou 073000, China.

Accepted 13 July, 2017

Abstract

The outer membrane protein (OMP) were extracted from38 strains of avian Escherichia coli which were isolated from the dead chickens of chicken breeding farms in 3 areas of Baoding, Qinhuangdao and Beijing by using ultrasonic cleaving and N- Lauroyl sarcosine sodium and OMP typing was done by SDS- PAGE to understand the genetic relationship of isolated strains from Avian pathogenic E. coli. There were 3 OMP types in these 38 strains of E. coli, in which, type OMP-1 was in common for 6 serotypes of isolated strains of O₇₈, O ₈₈, O₂, O ₁₈, O₉₃ and O₇₆, type OMP-abelonged to isolated strain of O₇₆, OMP-b was found from all of the isolated strains of O₉₃, O₇₈, O₈₈, O₂, this indicated the identical serotype strain might belong to quite different OMP patterns and among isolated strains without any relationship in serotype could have the same OMP type. Among isolated strains with the same serotype strains might have genetic differentiation. And among the isolated strains of different serotypes, there might be the genetic relationship with different degree.

Key words: Avian Escherichia coli, outer membrane protein, O serotypes.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigation antibacterial activity of Streptomycetes isolates from soil samples, West of Iran

Ali reza Dehnad*, Laleh Parsa Yeganeh, Rouhollah Bakhshi, Ahad Mokhtarzadeh, SamadAbdi Soofiani, Ali Reza Monadi, Sevda Gasanova and Rahib Abusov

Department of Genomics, Branch of Northwest and West region of Iran (Tabriz), Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Iran.

Accepted 12 July, 2017

Abstract

In this research, our goal is to determine Streptomyces species with antimicrobial activity from some regions of Northwest of Iran. The future studies will be performed to investigate the type of antimicrobial agents. In order to achieve to this aim, soil sample collected were diluted and cultured in SCA medium. The Actinomycetes were isolated considering morphological characteristics in macroscopic and microscopic levels and examined for the microbial activity. The antimicrobial positive bacteria were selected for further biochemical and molecular studies. Through the molecular studies, 16srDNA gene of the each bacterium was amplified and digested using TaqI endonuclease. The handling of RFLP pattern of 16srDNAs was done using genedoc bioinformatics software to determine the strains of the bacteria. 150 isolated Actinomycete colonies, 12 different strains showed antimicrobial activity in which 11 strains belonged to the Streptomycetes and were known as different strains of the Streptomyces genus, we identified 11 Streptomyces strains from the mentioned regions of the northwest of Iran with high antimicrobial activity. To determine the antimicrobial agents further studies are needed. In this research, we tried to study the ability of the production of anti-microbial agents by Streptomyces species from some regions of Northwest of Iran. Our results led to the 12 isolates with the different ability to produce antibiotics.

Key words: Actinomycetes, antibiotics, antimicrobial activity, Iran, Streptomycetes.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The changes of iron and zinc concentrations in heart and aortic tissues of rabbits fed on high fat diet during the progression of atherosclerosis

Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim

Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 22 July, 2017

Abstract

High level of serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol is an important risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. The severity of atherosclerosis can be markedly influenced by iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) overload or deficiency in aorta tissues of the rabbits. The changes of Fe and Zn in heart and aortic tissues of rabbits during the progression of atherosclerosis have not been well documented. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes of Fe and Zn in heart and aortic tissues of rabbits fed on high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The HFD group was fed a normal rabbit chow supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol plus 1.0% olive oil for a feeding period of 12 weeks. Fe and Zn concentrations were measured in two types of tissue from control and HFD rabbits using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Fe concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in HFD rabbits (Mean ± SE; heart: 10.52 ± 1.04 and aorta: 3.01 ± 2.61; n = 25 specimens) compared with control rabbits (Mean ± SE; heart: 8.41 ± 0.01 and aorta: 2.25 ± 0.37; n = 20 specimens). The Fe concentration was increased with percentage normalized changes of 25.09% in heart and 33.78% in aortic tissues of HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits while the Zn concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with percentage normalized changes of 14.39% in heart and 18.37% in aortic tissues of HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits. AAS was used to elucidate the changes of Fe and Zn in heart and aortic tissues of HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows; percentage normalized change of increase of Fe was 25.09% in heart tissue accompanied by percentage normalized change of decrease of Zn 14.39% in heart tissue while percentage normalized change of increase of Fe was 33.78% in heart tissue accompanied by percentage normalized change of decrease of Zn 18.37% in aortic tissue. This study suggests that the increase in Fe concentrations in heart and aortic tissues may accelerate atherosclerosis through the production of free radicals while the decrease in Zn concentrations may act as a protective factor against atherosclerosis perhaps by reducing lesion Fe content. These results suggest that the changes in Fe and Zn concentrations in heart and aortic tissues of rabbits are closely related to the progression of atherosclerosis.

Key words: High cholesterol diet, iron, zinc, atherosclerosis, heart and aortic tissues, atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Core sampling test in large-scale compost cells for microorganism isolation

Ana Luisa V. Bitencourt, Marcelo A. Vallim, Daniela Maia, Rafael Spinelli, Renata Angeloni, Luciana Principal, Elisangela Souza and Renata C. Pascon*

Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Accepted 5 July, 2017

Abstract

Composting is a process by which organic wastes are transformed into fertilizer, preventing excess organic matter accumulation. Microbes that carry out this transformation have application in biotechnology. Composting cell assembling is a complex process, it can reach several m³ of diverse materials. It is desirable a sampling methodology that allows the microbial analysis, however, this matter has not yet been approached by other researchers. In this work we tested soil auger to probe large-scale compost piles at the São Paulo Zoo, in São Paulo, Brazil. The criterion for auger selection was percentage loss of material and microbe isolation from samples.

Key words: Core sampling, compost, microorganism isolation, auger.