ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Allelopathy as expressed by Mucuna pruriens and the possibility for weed management
O. Nwaichi Eucharia* and O. Ayalogu Edward
Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 March, 2020
Abstract
A twelve-week study was undergone to identify selective effects of Mucuna on companion crop plant and to screen Mucuna for capacity to suppress weeds. A 10% (v/w) contamination with Nigerian Bonny light crude oil was simulated for stress tolerance assessment. Mucuna pruriens supported revegetation, soil and water conservation and also contains potentially toxic BTEX and PAHs that are not phytotoxic to itself but suppressed the growth of Sphenostylis stenocarpa and inhibited the growth of weeds. The detrimental influence on crop plant could be linked to the interactions between soil microorganisms and plants at the rhizophere and this conferred competitive advantage on Mucuna. Physiological and environmental stress induced by hydrocarbon contamination, affected the growth performance of Mucuna and decreased the amount of these toxic compounds released. Comparable amount of toxic hydrocarbons were found in Mucuna grown in uncontaminated treatments confirming its natural composition. Growth indices measured as plant height, leaf area and dry weight, confirmed allelopathic suppression on crops. Allelopathic chemicals persisted in some neighbouring plants as those planted in succession. Although produced allelochemicals acted as herbicides, it may also have undesirable effects on non-target species thus the need for prior ecological studies.
Key words: Allelopathy, contamination, germination, growth, interplant, Mucuna, toxicity, weed.
O. Nwaichi Eucharia*, O. Ayalogu Edward
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-011, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Validation of generic status of different taxa in the sub-tribe Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinoidae) using RAPD, ISSR and AFLP markers
Acharya Laxmikanta1, 3* and Chandra Panda Pratap2
1Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Jagamara, Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar 751030, Orissa, India.
2Taxonomy and Conservation Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751 015, Orissa, India.
31575 Linden drive, Horticulture Department, UW Madison, Wisconsin USA.
Accepted 21 March, 2020
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. (sens. lat.) into three distinct genera namely, Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. (sens.str.). Eighteen representatives of the three taxa were characterized using the molecular markers. 25 RAPD, six ISSR primers and six AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 612, 115 and 622 bands (loci), respectively. Most of the loci are found to be polymorphic, showing high degrees of genetic diversity among the different taxa studied. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD, ISSR and AFLP data using the SHAN clustering, divided Cassia L. (sens. lat.) into three different clusters as Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. (sens.str.). High bootstrap value revealed that all the clusters were stable and robust. It was observed from the present investigation that these genera have their identity at molecular level, which supports the elevation of the genus Cassia L. sens. lat. to the level of sub tribe Cassiinae and segregation into three distinct genera instead of intra-generic categories. In the present study taking the molecular markers into account the trifurcation of the sub tribe Cassiinae could be re-established.
Key words: Cassia, molecular phylogeny, RAPD, ISSR, AFLP.
a Pratap, Ch , ra P, Acharya Laxmikanta*
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study of inter-specific relationship in six species of Sesbania Scop. (Leguminosae) through RAPD and ISSR markers
Manoj Kumar Bisoyi1, Laxmikanta Acharya2, Arup Kumar Mukherjee3, 4* and Pratap Chandra Panda2
1Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Khallikote Autonomous College, Berhampur, Orissa, India.
2Division of Taxonomy and Conservation, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
3DNA Fingerprinting Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
4Central Institute for Cotton Research, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur-440010, Maharashtra, India.
Accepted 08 March, 2020
Abstract
Six species of Sesbania were fingerprinted using RAPD and ISSR markers. Both markers yielded a total of 249 bands out of which 243 were polymorphic in nature indicating high degrees of genetic diversity in the genus. Cluster analysis using the combined data revealed segregation of the lone species Sesbania grandiflora from the rest of the species. High boot strap values in the dendrograms show the accuracy and authenticity of the result. All other five species got separated to a distinct cluster. This supports the taxonomic division of the genus Sesbania into Agati Desv. comprising the only species S. grandiflora (Linn.) Poir. and sub-genus Eusesbania Baker containing all other species.
Key words: Sesbania, RAPD, ISSR and phenogram.
Arup Kumar Mukherjee* and Pratap Chandra Panda, Manoj Kumar Bisoyi, Laxmikanta Acharya
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Protein and polyphenol profile changes in soybean roots under aluminum stress
Dechassa Duressa*, Khairy Soliman and Ernst Cebert
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA.
Accepted 16 April, 2020
Abstract
It is well documented that aluminum (Al) toxicity is the most important constraint of crop production on acid soils. Chelation of Al in the rhizosphere with root secreted organic acid anions is a common mechanism of Al tolerance in most plants including soybean. Phenolic substances are recently implicated as additional physiological mechanism of plant Al tolerance. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of phenolics in soybean Al tolerance and to examine protein expression changes in soybean roots under Al stress. An Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 and Al-sensitive Young were used in the study. Protein and polyphenol profile changes in response to Al stress, were examined in roots tips of hydroponically grown plants 72 h post treatment. Al significantly increased total phenol exudation from roots of the Al tolerant genotype PI 416937, whereas, flavonoid content did not vary with treatment. Al also altered the expression level of several proteins in genotypic and non genotypic specific manner. This is the first study to show that polyphenol is involved in soybean Al tolerance. Future research should consider quantification of individual flavonoid compounds in root tissue as well as culture solution, and sequencing and functional annotation of Al regulated proteins.
Key words: Soybean, aluminum tolerance, protein expression, phenolics.
Dechassa Duressa*, Khairy Soliman and Ernst Cebert
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular phylogeny of Prorocentrum (Dinoflagellata) from the Pacific Coast of Mexico based on the parsimony analysis of fragments of LSUrDNA and SSUrDNA
Eréndira J. Cohen-Fernández*, Francisco F. Pedroche, Mónica Rodríguez Palacios, Sergio Álvarez Hernández and Esther Meave del Castillo
Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-535, México D. F. 09340, México. Accepted 13 May, 2020
Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis of the Prorocentrum species is presented, that includes the sequences of the large and small ribosomal RNA subunits from 19 cultures from 13 of the 20 species reported in the Pacific coast of Mexico; the results showed that P. micans, P. gracile and P. mexicanum were the closest of species, that planktonic may be more recent than epibenthonic species and it is suggested that the probable ancestor of the Prorocentrum genus could be a round cell without apical spine, toxic and epibenthonic.
Key words: Prorocentrum, parsimony analysis, dinoflagellates, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA.
Eréndira J. Cohen-Fernández*, Mónica RodrÃguez Palacios, Francisco F. Pedroche, Sergio Ãlvarez Hernández and Esther Meave del Castillo
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of aqueous root extract of Treculia africana on haemoglobin glycosylation and plasma lipid per oxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits
G. C. Ojieh1, O. M. Oluba2*, G. O. Erifeta3 and G. O. Eidangbe1
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria.
3Department of Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 September, 2019
Abstract
Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin has been proposed to be a very sensitive index for glycemic control as various proteins, including hemoglobin, albumin, collagen, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), or crystalline proteins has been reported to undergo non-enzymatic glycation in diabetes. In the present study an attempt was made to elucidate the effect of aqueous root extract of Treculia africana on levels of haemoglobin glycosylation and plasma lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin (STZ),-induced diabetic rabbits. Twenty (20) STZ-induced diabetic male rats divided into two groups (n = 10) designated: Control and Test were treated respectively with 20 ml/kg distilled water and 200 mg/kg aqueous root extract of Treculia africana for five weeks. Plasma total haemoglobin, glycosylated haemoglobin and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), concentration were determined at pre- and post-treatment. Administration of Treculia africana root extract at 200 mg/kg to STZ-diabetic rabbits was observed to significantly decreased concentration of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased blood total haemoglobin. The elevated plasma levels of lipid peroxidation of diabetic rabbits were reverted back to near control levels following administration of T. africana extract. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that aqueous root extract of T. africana diminishes the rate of haemoglobin glycosylation in diabetic animals and shows some levels of antioxidant principle.
Key words: Haemoglobin, glycosylation, diabetes, extract, glycemic control.
G. O. Erifeta and G. O. Eidangbe, O. M. Oluba*, G. C. Ojieh
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