ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Poliomyelitis eradication remains a challenge in Africa
Georges Anicet Dahourou1,2* and Souleymane Sawadogo1,3
1Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
2Senior Laboratory advisor, National Reference Laboratory, Haiti.
3Technical Advisor, GAP/CDC, Namibia.
Accepted 2 March, 2017
Abstract
During the last two decade, twelve wild type 1 poliovirus genotypes have been characterized in Africa. Several distinct clusters have been identified within some of them and appeared to be segregated geographically. This distribution could represent newly emerging genotypes and independent sustained circulation of these lineages or cross border transmission between countries of a single genotype followed by a different natural evolution in each country. Concurrent circulation of more than one poliovirus genotype was seen in Nigeria, Togo, Central Africa Republic and South Africa. The present study which has generated a meaningful overview of the endemic circulation of wild type 1 poliovirus in Africa, could be a basis for further evaluation of the impact of mass vaccination campaigns on wild type 1 poliovirus.
Key words: Poliovirus; poliomyelitis, poliovirus, molecular epidemiology.
Georges Anicet Dahourou*, Souleymane Sawadogo
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of multi drugs resistant bacteria on the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media
Ihsan E. Alsaimary1*, Ahmed M. Alabbasi2 and Jassim M. Najim1
1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah – Republic of Iraq.
2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Basrah – Republic of Iraq.
Accepted 10 May, 2016
Abstract
One hundred twenty patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Basrah, 65 (54.2%) males and 55 (45.8%) females, with male: females ratio (1.2:1) and 60 individual without otological problems as control group were included in this study, which done during the period between March 2009 and January 2010. This includes the collection of aural swab samples, culturing of samples, identification of causative agent’s species and antibiotic sensitivity. Gram’s negative bacteria were the commonest microorganism comprises (60%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was common causative agent (19.04%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.3%). Mixed infection was found in high percent (74%), in which P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms were more common. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that P. aeruginosa was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and gentamicin, while other is appeared resistant, S. aureus was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, erthomycin, cephalexine and it is resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, klebsiella species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid, gentamicin, while resistant to tetracycline.
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., chronic suppurative otitis media, aural swab, antibiotic sensitivity, gram’s negative bacteria, otological.
Ahmed M. Alabbasi and Jassim M. Najim, Ihsan E. Alsaimary*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp.
Rashid Ramazanzadeh
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected].
Accepted 20 January, 2017
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are most prevalent in Klebsiella pneumoniae. This organism is frequently isolated from clinical specimens and can cause septicemia, pneumonia or urinary tract infection. We investigated a spread of Klebsiella spp. isolates producing ESBL in a university hospital of Sanandaj- Iran. Over one year period, a total of 48 K. pneumoniae isolates, were examined by double disk tests and PCR methods. Ten isolates were defined as ESBLs. The ESBL producer isolates was more resistant to selected antibiotics than ESBL negative isolates. The most frequent ESBL type was CTX-M. This is the first report of Klebsiella spp. isolates producing ESBL in Sanandaj hospitals. Production of ESBLs by K. pneumoniae is a widespread nosocomial problem. Knowledge about their prevalence is essential to guide towards appropriate infection control and antibiotic management strategies.
Key words: Extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL), hospital, Klebsiella spp.
Rashid Ramazanzadeh
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
A taurine phenolic compound (TPC) protect from AAP hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway
Qiu Feng* and He Xiao-Jing
Department of Pharmacy, Sheng jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 16 June, 2016
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a main contributor to the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen, the Nrf2/ARE pathway has been characterized as an important endogenous mechanism for combating oxidative stress. Taurine plays various important roles in a large number of physiological and pathological conditions in human body, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. It proves that phenol compound has antioxidant effect through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway. The taurine phenolic compound (TPC) we synthesized belongs to phenolic compounds and we have reported that a TPC protect from AAP hepatotoxicity. We thus hypothesize the protective effects of TPC in an acute chemical model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through involvement of Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Key words: TPC, AAp, hepatotoxicity, Nrf2/ARE and hypothesis.
Qiu Feng*, He Xiao-Jing
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Use of nitrous acid mutant of Aspergillus niger for citric acid production from local cane-molasses
Kabera Justin1, Ugirinshuti Viateur1 and Mukantirenganya Prudentienne2*
1Researcher at Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Musanze station, Ruhengeri city, Rwanda.
2Rubavu city, Western Province, Rwanda.
Accepted 24 June, 2016
Abstract
In this study, the enhancement of citric acid production from local molasses was attempted by mutagenesis. A local stain of Aspergillus niger was isolated from lemon leaves and treated with nitrous acid. The obtained mutant and the wild type of A. niger were separately used for the bioconversion of the local molasses into citric acid. The molasses fermentation was carried out at 30°C in a stirred flask. The results showed that the mutant exhibited an increased efficiency for citric acid production when compared with the wild type. It produced 230.45 gl-1 of citric acid; two fold increase over the parent strain (105.67 gl-1), with higher sugar consumption by the mutant compared with the wild type. The maximum citric acid production levels were reached on the 9th day of fermentation by the mutant and the 10th day of fermentation by the wild strain. The mutant proved to be appropriate for citric acid production and waste material valorization in Rwanda. Also, this investigation showed itself to be one of ecofriendly technologies for Rwanda. So, the use of this technology should have impact on both the Rwanda economic development and environmental protection.
Key words: Rwanda, Aspergillus niger, bioconversion, cane-molasses, citric acid, mutagenesis, mutant, nitrous acid.
Ugirinshuti Viateur and Mukantirenganya Prudentienne*, Kabera Justin
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2017 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survival of free-living and plankton-associated Escherichia coli in the final effluents of a waste water treatment facility in a peri-urban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Augustina N. Osode and Anthony I. Okoh*
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice X1314, South Africa.
Accepted 9 June, 2016
Abstract
Escherichia coli remains a major threat in many places around the globe as a major causative agent of diarrhea and its reservoir in the estuarine environment may play an important role in the survival and transport of pathogenic strains. The final effluents of a peri-urban waste water treatment facility were assessed for surviving E. coli community as free-living or plankton-associated cells in relation to some physicochemical parameter for a year period. The free-living E. coli population densities varied from 0 to 3.13 × 101 cfu/ml, while the plankton- associated E. coli densities vary with plankton sizes as follows: 180 µm (0 - 4.30 × 101 cfu/ml), 60 µm (0 - 4.20 × 101 cfu/ml), 20 µm (0 - 5.00 × 101 cfu/ml). The seasonal variations in the E. coli densities among the plankton size categories were significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis suggested that the counts of E. coli correlated negatively with salinity (P < 0.001) and positively with temperature, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen (P < 0.001) in the final effluent. Target genes that encode pathogenicity for E. coli were successfully amplified by PCR. The study suggested that final effluents are a significant sources of pathogenic E. coli in the receiving watershed.
Key words: Escherichia coli, free-living, plankton-associated, wastewater final effluent.
Augustina N. Osode, Anthony I. Okoh*
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