ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on isolation and detection of drug resistance gram negative bacilli with special importance to post operative wound infection
K. R. Sanjay1*, M. N. Nagendra Prasad1 and G. S. Vijaykumar2
1Department of Biotechnology, S. J. College of Engineering, Mysore, India.
2Department of Microbiology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, India.
Accepted 21 July, 2018
Abstract
Isolation and identification of the drug resistant gram negative bacilli bacteria were carried out from post operative wound infections. Out of 214 samples collected, 167 showed bacterial growth and gram negative bacilli (GNB) growth was observed in 121 samples. In the present study E. coli was found to be the predominant agent isolated from wound infections (37.3%), followed by Pseudomonas (20.9%), Klebsiella (17.2%), Acinetobacter (14.2%) and other agents were less common. It was found that out of 121 gram negative bacilli isolates, 28 were found to be extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers and 16 were mettallo beta lactamase (MBL) producers. Out of 52 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 7 isolates showed MIC of 8 µg/ml, 42 isolates showed MIC of 0.5 µg/ml and other isolates showed intermediate concentration. All the ESBL and MBL positive isolates showed phantom zone in E-test.
Key words: Antibiotic resistance, post operative wound infection, beta lactamase, minimum inhibitory concentration.
K. R. Sanjay*, M. N. Nagendra Prasad and G. S. Vijaykumar
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of surface and ground water with reference to microbiological study in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State
Ajayi Adedayo Olajide
Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 28 July, 2018
Abstract
Water samples were collected from wells, bore holes and some streams at various locations within Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state. Pour plate technique was used for the estimation of Total bacterial count and Coliforms count of the water sources. Mean heterotrophic bacterial counts (cfu.ml) ranged from 1.0 x 104 in A.A.U.A storage tank to 122 x 104 in Oroke well. Total coliforms counts (cfu/ml) ranged from 0.01 x 104 in A.A.U.A storage tank to 36 x 104 and 38 x 104 in Oroke well and stream, respectively. Microorganisms isolated from the different water sources include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp, Bacillus cereus, Proteus spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacterium spp., Streptococcus feacalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. This study thus revealed that some indicator and pathogenic group of organisms like E. coli, S. feacalis and B. cereus constituting 13.34% each of the total number of microorganism isolated were largely encountered in the water sources from this area, hence, there is need for proper monitoring of the water sources to avert outbreak of epidemic disease. The pH of water sources ranged from pH 5.52 and 5.87 in Ilale borehole 2 and Ilale well respectively to pH 7.67 in Igbelu well. The temperature recorded range from 23 - 28°C for the sample sources. The wide variation in Physico-chemical parameters like pH from the neutral point signifies presence of contaminants that may favour the spread of some aetiologic agents of diseases that could be controlled through proper health delivery systems.
Key words: Akungba- Akoko, microbiological, Ondo state, ground water, surface water.
Ajayi Adedayo Olajide
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Snails as meat source: Epidemiological and nutritional perspectives
Anthony, A. Adegoke 1*, Adebayo-Tayo, C. Bukola 2, Inyang, U. Comfort3, Aiyegoro, A. Olayinka4 and Komolafe, O. Amos3
1Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria.
2Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
4Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG) Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Plant Science Building, University of Fort Hare, South Africa.
Accepted 30 July, 2018
Abstract
The microbiological (epidemiological), proximate and mineral element composition of the different species of snails (Achatina fulica, Limcolaria sp. and Helix pomatia) obtained from three different market in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state were investigated. Total bacterial count ranged from 1.00 - 1.50 x 108 cfu/g, Coliform count ranged from 1.68 - 2.20 x 107 cfu/g, Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 5.2-8.2 x107 cfu/g, lactic acid bacteria count ranged from 1.03 - 1.30 x 108 cfu/g and fungi count ranged from 7.3 x 107 to 1.00 x 108 cfu/g. The organisms isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus while the fungal isolates were Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Eurotium sp. and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that Helix pomata have the highest microbial load of 2.20 x 108 cfu/g. The proximate analysis showed that African giant snail (Achatina fulica) was nutritionally richer than the other snails. Mineral determination also showed that African giant snail had the highest amount of minerals. It was generally observed that snails though nutritionally rich are reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms which are of public health importance.
Key words: Microbiological, proximate, mineral composition, coliform, Helix pomata
U. Comfort, O. Amos, A. Adegoke*, A. Olayinka and Komolafe, Anthony , Aiyegoro , Inyang , Adebayo-Tayo , C. Bukola
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro antibacterial activity of fronds (leaves) of some important pteridophytes
Pradeep Parihar1*, Leena Parihar1 and Achaleshwar Bohra2
1Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144402, Punjab, India.
2Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342 001, Rajasthan, India.
Accepted 23 February, 2018
Abstract
The main objective of this research work is to screen various unexploited plants for their antimicrobial activity as these unexploited or pteridophytic plants are being used ethanomedicinally but, very little work has been done on antimicrobial aspects. So, to explore the efficacy of these plants, the following research has been carried out. Bacterial strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella arizonae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were procured from the Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh and the aqueous and alcoholic leaves extract of twelve important pteridophytic plants were prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activity against the bacteria selected by Disc diffusion method as suggested by Bauer et al. (1966). It has been observed that, nearly all the leaves extracts have shown inhibitory effect against the bacterial strains selected and some of the extracts were more competent than the selected antibiotic. Our findings provide the novel insights with regards to antimicrobial agents and these could be further enhanced through in vivo studies and isolation and characterization of active constituents for human health. In the present scenario, the use of herbs and herbal medicine is at its peak and majority of researchers are screening higher plants for the same but, very few researchers are considering the lower plants for their antimicrobial potential. Since, these pteridophytic plants are considered to be the disease free plants and are being used ethanobotanically by various tribal communities. These plants are further screened for their in vivo potential as well as for their drug properties.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, pteridophytic plants, leaves extracts, bacteria.
Pradeep Parihar*, Leena Parihar and Achaleshwar Bohra
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Clinical and geographical profiles of rpoB gene mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Hyderabad and Koraput in India
Mercy Aparna L. Lingala, Aparna Srikantam*, Suman Jain, K. V. S. M. Rao and P. V. Ranganadha Rao
LEPRA Society-Blue Peter Research Center, Cherlapally, Hyderbad- A.P, India, 501301.
Accepted 25 February, 2018
Abstract
Present study aims to study the geographical profile of rpoB mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and their correlation with the therapeutic outcome. All the isolates were tested for drug susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and PCR and DNA sequencing for rpoB gene mutations. Fifty two out of 101(52%) isolates were pan susceptible of which 79% were associated with cure. Thirty five isolates (35%) showed a combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, out of which 63% were associated with treatment failure. Majority (94%) of the isolates from cured patients showed wild type of rpoB sequence; where as 77% of patients who failed the treatment were associated with mutations. Twenty eight out of 38(74%), rifampicin resistant isolates showed commonly occurring mutations such as 531, 526 and 516. Multiple silent mutations between the codons 145 - 184 (out side the hot spot region) are being reported for the first time in this study. Information on the geographical profile of rpoB mutations in M. tuberculosis may therefore facilitate for an improved diagnosis of rifampicin resistance, by increasing the efficacy of the gene sequencing based tests.
Key words: DNA sequencing, LJ culture, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rpoB mutations.
Suman Jain, K. V. S. M. Rao and P. V. Ranganadha Rao, Aparna Srikantam*, Mercy Aparna L. Lingala
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
HIV/vaginal candida coinfection: Risk factors in women
E. U. Umeh* and B. I. Umeakanne
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 February, 2018
Abstract
To assess the association between candida and HIV infections in women from different socio-economic backgrounds, vaginal swabs were collected from 510 women (aged 9 - 83 years) attending secondary healthcare units in southern part of Benue State, Nigeria. CANDIDA ALBICANS was identified by microscopy. Candida infection rate was higher among HIV-infected women (88.8%, n = 116) than among HIV negative subjects (58.6%, n = 394) (Χ2 = 36.077, p < 0.05; odds ratio = 5.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.03 - 10.297). Candida (yeast) infection was significantly associated with HIV infection in pregnant subjects (r = 0.504, p < 0.05), married (r = .290, p < 0.05), and unmarried women (r = 0.259, p < 0.05); in married women (and also unmarried women) vaginal yeast infection was significantly correlated/associated with HIV infection (p < 0.05). In other words, the higher the number of married women who were HIV+, the higher the number with candidal yeast infection; in women ≤ 39 years old (r =0.399, p < 0.05), civil servants (r = 0.328, p < 0.05), self/unemployed (r = 0.281, p < 0.05), and among university and secondary school students (r = 0.263, p < 0.05). All diabetic women (100%, n=106) had yeast infection, although only 3.8% of them were HIV-infected. Intervention programmes against yeast infections in HIV-infected women should be targeted at the vulnerable groups of women.
Key words: HIV, candida infection, HIV/Candida co-infection, pregnancy, diabetes, Idoma women.
B. I. Umeakanne, E. U. Umeh*
Page: 1 - 6