ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification of a bacteriocin produced by ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM and its effectiveness for preservation of fresh-cut lettuce
Bellei B.1, Miguel M.2, Mere Del Aguila E. M.1*, Silva J. T.1 and Paschoalin V. M. F.1
1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Brazil.
2Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Goes, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Accepted 30 April, 2018
Abstract
The bacteriocins produced by ENTEROCOCCUS species (enterocins) show considerable activity against diverse pathogens. One of these antimicrobial peptides was isolated from ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM E86 cultured in MRS broth for 24 h at 37°C. The antimicrobial peptide was purified by precipitation in 75% ammonium sulfate, followed by chloroform precipitation and chromatography in Dowex-50, resulting in a specific activity of 52.46 AU/ mg in a final yield of 80% and a 6-fold recovery. The enterocin was purified to homogeneity and had an apparent molecular mass of 3.5 kDa as evaluated by 18% SDS-PAGE. The purified and the partial-purified enterocin were able to inhibit the proliferation of natural microbiota of fresh-cut lettuce as well as that artificially contaminated with LISTERIA spp. After 30 min in the presence of 0.5% acetic acid, the natural microbiota proliferation was reduced by 3 log cycles, while the enterocin in its purified or partially purified form showed an inhibition of the microbiota proliferation by 1 or 2 log cycles, respectively. These results indicate that enterocin could be used as a natural antimicrobial to reduce chemical treatment in minimally processed leafy vegetables.
Key words: Bacterial enzymes, antimicrobial peptide, purification and characterization of enzymes, food safety.
Silva J. T and Paschoalin V. M. F, Bellei B., Mere Del Aguila E. M*, Miguel M.
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of β-lactamase-producing and non-producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples in Bangladesh
Md. Ekramul Haque1, Mohammad Shahriar1, Anika Haq1, Bernadette Charlotte Gomes1, M. Mahboob Hossain1, Md. Abdur Razzak2 and Md. Abdul Mazid3*
1Department of Pharmacy, The University of Asia Pacific, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.
2Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Accepted 29 March, 2018
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to be a major cause of community and hospital acquired infections. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics resulted in the development of multi-drug resistant S. aureus throughout the world. Development of multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus is increasingly alarming in Bangladesh. We attempted to study the current prevalence of β-lactamase-producing and non-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples and to find out the correlation of antimicrobial resistance pattern with their plasmid profiles. Twenty three clinical isolates of S. aureus were evaluated during the study period (2009). The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was performed by disk diffusion method. Plasmid profiles were observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In the present investigation, 43·48% isolates were ensured methicillin resistant while the remaining 56·52% isolates were found to be methicillin sensitive by disk diffusion method. β-lactamase test which was performed by acid formation method showed that 50% of the MRSA isolates produced β-lactamase. Our studies of resistance pattern to commonly prescribed antimicrobials showed that MRSA isolates were highly sensitive to vancomycin (100%), fusidic acid (90%), chloramphenicol (80%), neomycin (80%), rifampin (80%), gentamycin (70%), ceftriaxone (60%), cephalexin (60%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and cloxacillin (60%). Plasmid profiling of the selected resistant isolates of Staphylococcus revealed clear and distinct bands of plasmid DNA. These isolates showed severe resistance to amoxicillin (70%), co-trimoxazole (90%) and erythromycin (80%).
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistance, β-lactamase, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Shahriar, M. Mahboob Hossain, Anika Haq, Bernadette Charlotte Gomes, Md. Abdur Razzak and Md. Abdul Mazid*, Md. Ekramul Haque
Page: 1 - 7
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-003, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Recurrent psoas abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A case report
Zohoun A.1*, Ngoh Akwa E.1, Oragwu N.1, El Ghazouani M.1, Zrara A.1, Akhaddar A.2, Sair K.3 and El Ouennass M.1
1Department of Microbiology, Mohamed V. Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
2Department of Neurosurgery, Mohamed V. Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
3Department of General Surgery, Mohamed V. Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Accepted 14 April, 2018
Abstract
Recurrent secondary psoas abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relatively rare disease. Diagnosis is often easy through appropriate investigations but the treatment may be difficult, especially in patients with severe underlying conditions. We report a case of recurrent psoas abscess due to P. aeruginosa in same focus after osteosynthesis for kyphoscoliosis. A 65 years old man suffered in post-operative course of recurrent psoas abscess due to P. aeruginosa with relapse intervals of 6 and 2 years. As patient’s condition was a contraindication to the ablation of the osteosynthesis material, we set up a regimen combining percutaneous computed tomography (CT) drainage with antibiotic therapy by ceftazidime after the second relapse. The successful therapeutic regimen established to overcome the patient’s problem is underlined. The treatment of psoas abscess involves the use of appropriate antibiotics in association with percutaneous or surgical drainage. In case of recurrence associated to surgical contraindication, ceftazidime in prolonged administration as performed in our case could be useful.
Key words: Psoas abscess, recurrence, antibiotherapy, ceftazidime.
Oragwu N, El Ghazouani M, Sair K and El Ouennass M, Zohoun A*, Zrara A, Akhaddar A, Ngoh Akwa E
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Urinary tract infections at a Nigerian university hospital: Causes, patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility profile
Jombo GTA1*, Emanghe UE2, Amefule EN2 and Damen JG3
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, P. M. B. 102119 Makurdi, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084 Jos, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 April, 2018
Abstract
Treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is becoming difficult due to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance and this may necessitate an up to date knowledge of resistance pattern. This study was therefore set up to ascertain bacterial resistance patterns from UTIs at a University hospital. The study was retrospective in nature. Data generated from urine cultures of patients at the University of Calabar Teaching hospital for a period of five years (2004 to 2009) were compiled. Relevant information obtained were age and gender of patients, organisms recovered and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The incidence of UTI was found to be 7.7% (565/7,348) comprising of 264 (46.7%) males and 53.3% (301) females (P>0.05); 391 (69.2%) were of community acquired (CA) while 174 (30.8%) were nosocomial (NC) in origin. Infections were significantly lower among those aged below 20 years (P<0.05). The commonest bacteria recovered were Escherichia coli 18.6% (109), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14.8% (87), Proteus species 13.1% (77) and Staphylococcus aureus 10.7% (63). Penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, cloxacillin were among the most inactive drugs while ofloxacin, clavulanate + amoxycilline, ceftriaxone, colistin and cefuroxime were among the most active with sensitivity of CA isolates generally higher than the NC ones. Rationality should be applied in antibiotics prescription, consumptions and prophylaxis. Hospitals should adopt strict infection control methods; also the use of antibiotics in agricultural, veterinary and pharmaceutical activities should be regulated in order to halt or reverse this growing resistance trend.
Key words: Antibiotics, infections, susceptibility, urinary tract.
Amefule EN and Damen JG, Jombo GTA*, Emanghe UE
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation on the safety and probiotic potentials of yoghurts sold in Owerri metropolis in Imo State Nigeria
Oranusi S.*, Madu S. A., Braide W. and Oguoma O. I.
Department of Industrial Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 May, 2018
Abstract
Investigation on the microbial safety and probiotic potentials of different yoghurt brands sold in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, was carried out using standard microbiological procedures. Ten each, of five different brands of commercially available yoghurt packaged in plastic containers were purchased from the street vendors and shopping malls in Owerri metropolis. The mean total count of samples on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and De Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar media ranged from 2.0×107 to 6.0×108 and 1.0×108 to 5.4 × 108 cfu/ml respectively. The yoghurt isolates were identified as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species; these isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples. No viable growth of isolates was observed in simulated gastric fluid of pH 1.5 to 2.5. Slight decrease in viable count of Lactobacillus spp. from 4.0×107 to 3.0×107 cfu/ml and Streptococcus spp. from 3.0×108 to 2.0×108 cfu/ml was observed in bile of pH 8.28 to 8.30. The isolates were recovered from faecal samples two weeks after ingestion with mean count ranging from no growth (zero) to 5.8×108 cfu/ml on MRS agar media. The isolates were found to exhibit some probiotic potentials and no pathogen was isolated from samples. It is recommended that strains of microorganisms that can deliver full probiotic potentials to consumers be used in commercial yoghurt production.
Key words: Yoghurt, microbial safety, probiotic potential, simulated gastric fluid, bile.
Madu S. A., Oranusi S.*, Braide W. and Oguoma O. I.
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Leishmania: Probable genetic hybrids between species in Sudanese isolates
Hamad S. H.1, Ahmed M. Musa1, Eltahir A. G. Khalil1, Tamrat Abebe 2, Brima M. Younis1, Mona E. E. Elthair1, Ahmed M. EL-Hassan1, Asrat Hailu2 and Aldert Bart3*
1The Leishmaniasis Research Group, Sudan, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
3Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology Section, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Accepted 15 May, 2018
Abstract
The horn of Africa bears the prunt of Leishmaniasis in the world where both Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of Leishmania donovani and Phlebotomus papatasi, the vector of Leishmania major, exist. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. donovani is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in east Africa. The populations of east Africa are very dynamic in continuous movements between endemic areas of different leishmaniasis clinical forms. Molecular epidemiological studies have provided indirect evidence for genetic exchange between different strains of one Leishmania species. Only recently, genetic exchange between different Leishmania strains of one species was definitively demonstrated in vitro. Genetic exchange between different Leishmania species is probably an even rarer event. In this study, one hundred and seven L. donovani isolates were collected from lymph nodes/bone marrow aspirates, from patients from Sudan and Ethiopia. DNA was isolated from leishmania parasites using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit. PCR products were sequenced using BigDye Terminator chemistry and analyzed using the ABI 3100 or 3730 Genetic Analyzers. Sequences were analyzed using CodonCode program (CodonCode Corporation) and MEGA. Sequences were submitted to Genbank and are accessible under accession numbers HM117696-HM117699. Our data showed hybridization between two divergent Leishmania species, L. donovani and L. major, possibly due to migration. Such hybridization may have clinical implications with respect to parasite fitness, vector adaptation and response to treatment.
Key words: Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus orientalis, Phlebotomus papatasi.
Tamrat Abebe, Ahmed M. EL-Hassan, Mona E. E. Elthair, Ahmed M. Musa, Brima M. Younis, Hamad S. H, Eltahir A. G. Khalil, Asrat Hailu and Aldert Bart*
Page: 1 - 4