ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on productivity of epilithic algae in Urumqi River Basin in Northwest China
Li Lanhai, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Achal Varenyam, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,
Chinese Academy of Science, 818 Beijing Road, South Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to make a deep investigation on the concentration of chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) estimates for algae growing on stones in Urumqi River located in an arid region of northwest China. The study was conducted on three sites. A highly improved method for measuring primary productivity in situ was used to estimate the primary production of algae growing on rocks (or algae epilithic) deposited in surface water. The results showed a low biomass with mean chlorophyll a content that was estimated at 5.9 mg/m 2 in the Urumqi River. Of the three sites studied, the mean gross primary productivity of periphyton was 394.89 mgC/m2 day and AFDM 344.75 mg/m2. The analysis of correlation between chlorophyll a and altitude was found to be a curve of anti- hyperbola. Total phosphorus and chlorophyll a was in equilibrium with that between chlorophyll a and total nitrogen.
Key words: Epilithic algae, phytoplankton productivity, chlorophyll a, ash-free dry mass (AFDM).
Li Lanhai, Achal Varenyam, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Development and application of a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid detection of various types of staphylococci strains
Zhenbo Xu1,2, Lin Li1, Xihong Zhao3*, Jin Chu4, Bing Li1, Lei Shi1, Jianyu Su1* and Mark E. Shirtliff2,5
1College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
2Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
3Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy,
Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China.
4School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, a novel multiplex- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid detection of various staphylococci strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, (MSSA) methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS), methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS) and non-staphylococci strains, had been developed and applied. Six primers were specially designed on three target genes, which were mecA, 16S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and femA. The specific amplification generated 3 bands on agarose gel, with sizes 374 bp for mecA, 542 bp for 16S rRNA and 823 bp for femA, respectively. The PCR product showed highest levels of resolution of DNA when 250 M of dNTP, primer concentration of mecA, 16S rRNA and femA reaching 1, 1 and 3 M respectively. No false positive amplification was observed, indicating the high specificity of the established multiplex PCR assay. Application of this multiplex-PCR had been further performed on detection for 262 MRSA and MRCNS strains with primers pairs M1 with M2 and F1 and F2. According to the results, multiplex-PCR results showed expected products for either MRSA or MRCNS strains, demonstrating the multiplex-PCR assays established in this study to be useful and powerful methods for differentiation of MRSA, MSSA, MRCNS, MSCNS and non-staphylococci strains.
Key words: Staphylococcus, multiplex-PCR, rapid detection.
Jianyu Su* and Mark E. Shirtliff, Bing Li, Jin Chu4, Xihong Zhao*, Lei Shi, Zhenbo Xu, Lin Li
Page: 1 - 5
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Effects of UV irradiation on plants
Eissa Piri1, Mahdi Babaeian2*, Abolfazl Tavassoli2 and Yasser Esmaeilian2
1Departmant of Agriculture, Payame noor University, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, I. R. of Iran.
2Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Global change will definitely introduce changes in agricultural ecosystems that will affect plant productivity. However, the effects on plants will be different for each region depending on the pre-existing climatic conditions and the adaptation potential of local cultivated species. The solar energy from the sun is essential to support the life on our plant, via the process of photosynthesis. However a small proportion of solar spectrum contains short-wavelength ultraviolet-B light (280 to 320 nm), which is deleterious to life. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer by manmade pollution has substantially increased UV-B light impinging on the earth surface. UV-B affects living organisms by damaging cellular metabolism in several ways, such as dimmers formation in the genetic material DNA, disruption of membrane structure, inactivation of enzymes and generation of highly reactive free radicals. Elevated UV exposure also causes temporary or irreversible damage to the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, increased UV-B radiation would affect the stability of ecosystems and genetic health of living organisms. Many species of plants have evolved mechanisms for protection against deleterious effects of UV-B radiation. Accumulation of the UV-B absorbing pigments such as flavonoids is one of the ways by which plants alleviate the harmful effects of UV-B light.
Key words: Global change, agriculture, UV radiation, absorbing compounds.
Eissa Piri, Abolfazl Tavassoli and Yasser Esmaeilian, Mahdi Babaeian*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical and molecular characterization of hemolytic Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from shrimp and clam aquacultures
Nermeen A. ElSersy1* and Eman A. H. Mohamed2
1National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Microbiology laboratory, Environmental Division, Alexandria, Egypt.
2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used to discriminate among the significantly hemolytic and closely related Bacillus licheniformis strains, NE-1, NE-2 and NE-3. Utilization of the API 20E kit revealed that B. licheniformis NE-1 is unique in its ability to utilize sorbitol as a sole carbon source, whereas B. licheniformis NE-2 is an exceptional in L-arabinose utilization. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rDNA 5´end revealed a strong relatedness to B. licheniformis strains found in the GenBank with a similarity percentage ranging from 97 to 99. Moreover, the partial sequences was successfully differentiated among the novel strains. The plasmid pattern is almost the same for the strains and plasmid curing using acridine orange showed no effect on the hemolytic activity of them.
Key words: Bacillus licheniformis, aquacultures, hemolytic activity, plasmids, 16S rDNA.
Eman A. H. Mohamed, Nermeen A. ElSersy*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Virus infection disturbs cyclin expression, leading to cell cycle arrest in the unicellular marine algae Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina ericina
Jingwen Liu1, Tianling Zheng2*, Gunnar Bratbak3 and Runar Thyrhaug2
1Bioengineering College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
2Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
3Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Postbox 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
Accepted 10 February, 2019
Abstract
To investigate the influences of viral infection on cell cycle of marine algae, we examined the changes of expression and activity of G 2/M-phase cell cycle regulators in two unicellular marine algae Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina ericina after viral infection by immunoblot. The results revealed that the expression of cyclins could be altered by viral infection, thus inhibiting the progression of cell cycle. E. huxleyi virus (EhV) repressed the activity of p34cdc2/cyclinB complex by inactivating p34cdc2 kinase through phosphorylation of Cdc2, and block the life cycle of host cells at G2/M checkpoint. C. ericina virus (CeV) interfere with the activity of p34cdc2/cyclin B complex by the downregulation of cyclinB combined with the overexpression of kinase-active p34cdc2, resulting in a G2 cell cycle. The G 2/M cell cycle arrest caused by EhV infection indicated that EhV may transcribe its own genes without relying on the host cell cycle control. C. ericina cells blocked in a delayed G2 phase may partly turn into the second S phase to synthesize proteins useful for viral nucleic acid metabolism, suggesting that the replication of CeV viruses was dependent on cell cycle control. Our results indicated that algal virus infection selectively activates/inactivates certain components of the cell cycle with the aim to establish a more efficient environment for their gene expression and DNA replication.
Key words: Marine algal virus, cyclins expression, cell cycle arrest.
Jingwen Liu, Gunnar Bratbak and Runar Thyrhaug, Tianling Zheng*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes
Adegoke Anthony A. and Okoh Anthony I.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Accepted 03 February, 2019
Abstract
We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5 and 100% to frequently prescribed antibiotics. The same set of isolates showed three (23.1%) to be susceptible and ten (76.9%) to be resistant to vancomycin. Five of the latter ten isolates produced beta lactamase and became susceptible to some of the multidisc antibiotics and vancomycin, after the plasmid curing. This presumptively reflects important role of plasmid DNA in conferring resistance to microorganisms as a means of their adaptation especially in the vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The increasing resistance to vancomycin could cause major problems to public health as it was often regarded as the last line of defense against nosocomial and community based S. aureus infection.
Key words: Vancomycin, multidrug, plasmid, beta lactamase, antibiotic resistance.
Okoh Anthony I., Adegoke Anthony A.
Page: 1 - 7