Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate: Antimicrobial Properties Against E. coli

Parameswari E., Udayasoorian C., S. Paul Sebastian and R.M. Jayabalakrishnan

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India

Accepted 17 September, 2024

Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. In this work we conducted batch experiments to assess the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by citrate reduction method for their antimicrobial property. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 was compared in terms of ESCHERICHIA COLI growth rate, zone of inhibition and time dependent antimicrobial activity. Silver nanoparticles showed 100 per cent growth reduction of E. COLI when treated with 30 µg ml–1 concentrations, whereas the effect was much less at this concentration of AgNO3. Zone of inhibition test was also done for identification of degree of inhibition by using different concentration of AgNO3 and silver nanoparticles. It was found that, 10 µg ml-1 concentration was able to inhibit bacterial growth and created a zone of 0.8 cm by AgNO3 and 1.7 cm by Ag nanoparticles. Thus Ag nanoparticles are found to be efficient candidate for antimicrobial activity than AgNO3.

Key words: Antimicrobial potential, Silver nanoparticles, Escherichia coli.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization and Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas Seed Lectin: Insights into Antifungal Applications

Mahmoud A. Al-Saman1,3, Safinaz A. Farfour2,3, Ahmed A. Tayel1,3, Nashwa M. Rizk2,3

1Industrial Biotechnology Department, 2Environmental Biotechnology Department, 3Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.

Accepted 12 August, 2017

Lectins are non-immune, carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are very specific for sugar moieties and agglutinate cells or precipitate polysaccharides. Lectin from Egyptian Jatropha curcas seeds was isolated and purified using ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration columns chromatography. The purified lectin has a specific activity of 351.5 hemagglutination unit/mg protein and a molecular weight of 28.00 kDa. The hemagglutination activity of lectin was suppressed by D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. The amino acid composition of the purified lectin contained high ratio of acidic amino acids (38.42%), the hydroxy amino acids (11.10%), with minor amounts of sulfur containing amino acids and cysteine. The purified lectin from J. curcas seeds was heat - stable up to 60 ºC with trypsinized cattle erythrocytes and the hemagglutination activity decreased with increasing temperature. The purified lectin was insensitive from acidic to neutral conditions but was markedly affected by basic pH and the hemagglutination activity was encouraged by Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions. The purified lectin showed an antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 70 µg / ml. However, lectin extraction from J. curcas could be recommended as a source for that could be applied as antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi.

Keywords: Agglutinin; Hemagglutination activity; Purification; Antifungal; Phytopathogens
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper
    
Exploring Small Group Discussion as an Educational Strategy in Microbiology for Second-Year MBBS Students: Findings from a Pilot Study at Brims Bidar

*Sudheendra Kulkarni1 and Chandrakanth Chillarge2

1Tutor and Nodal Officer for IDSP. Department of Microbiology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka.
2Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka.

Accepted 15 April, 2017

In India, Medical Microbiology subject is included in the curriculum of second year of MBBS. Teaching plays a major role in medical curriculum. There are various modes of teaching Medical microbiology such as lectures, tutorials, demonstrations, seminars, text book method, project method, small group discussions, study tours, problem solving method, team teaching, enquiry approach, videotapes, case studies etc. To teach a large group of students usually lectures are used. And to teach small group of students, demonstrations/ bedside clinics will be preferred. After thorough review of literature, we have found very few studies exist about the small group discussion as a teaching method in India. Hence we have undertaken the present study to observe the effectiveness of small group discussions as an effective teaching method in teaching Medical Microbiology.

Keywords: Microbiology, MBBS Students in Brims Bidar
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Review

Microbial Surfactants from Enterobacteriaceae: Production, Properties, and Environmental Applications

Alejandro De Jesús Cortés-Sánchez1*, Mayra Diaz-Ramirez2, Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez3, Felipe García-Ochoa4, Adriana Villanueva-Carvajal5, Liliana León-López6, Alejandra L. San Martín-Azocar7.

1Secretaria de Salud. Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Departamento de microbiología,
México.
2Departamento de Alimentos. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM),
Unidad Lerma. Edo. México.
3Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. St. Hyacinthe,
QCJ2S 8E3, Canada.
4Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.
⦁    Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus Universitario “El Cerrillo” A.P. 435,
Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México.
8Programa Regional del Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de
Sinaloa, 80000 Culiacán, México.
⦁    Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología,

Agronomía. Querétaro-México.

Accepted 08 October, 2016

In spite of being considered to be pathogenic microorganisms, some enterobacterial has the ability to produce biosurfactants (BS). These molecules besides their physicochemical and biological characteristics as emulsifiers, dispersants, stabilizers among others, are widely accepted in the industry since they are biodegradable, and present low toxicity. This has generated studies focused on the identification of new producer microorganisms, as well as the search of new carbon sources, improvement of production processes and the generation of a wide variety of patents. Their use is extensively spread in a diversity of industrial areas such as the pharmaceutic, food and environment, as alternatives of the surfactants derived from oil (which are highly pollutant),generating products and services of added value. In this review the properties and applications of the BS are summarized as well as the major genres of this group of Enterobacteriaceae that have been used for BS's production to update the actual advances on the benefits that these microorganisms possesses as BS producers.

Keywords: biosurfactants, enterobacterial, glycolipids, biotechnology, secondary metabolites.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Escherichia Coli Concentrations in Shellfish Harvested from Different Sites on the Mediterranean Coast of Morocc

Rachid Boutaib1, Hakima Azhari1, Mohammed Abid2 and Mohammed Marhraoui1

1Institut National de Recherche Halieutique. Laboratoire de microbiologie. Centre Régional de l’INRH. BP. 5268. Dradeb.
Tanger 90000. Maroc.
2Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Département de recherche. 1, Plateau Marchan. Tanger 90000. Maroc

Accepted 11 November, 2016

Monitoring of ESCHERICHIA COLI levels in commercial bivalve shellfish is intended to protect consumer health from foodborne diseases. This study aims to identify if one species can be used as indicator for microbiological contamination of other species present. During 2012, 168 samples of shellfish (clams, cockles and mussels) were analysed for E. COLI by MPN technique. 62.5% of samples complied with regulatory threshold ≤230 MPN and geometric mean were higher in cockles than in clams or mussels in each site. Statistical significance was observed between sites. Seasonally, the highest levels were recorded in wet weather (winter and spring) due to runoff of waters from rainfall and lowest levels were recorded in dry weather (summer) when high temperatures show bactericidal effect. Our findings show cockles could be as sentinel specie for burrowing shellfish, but for non burrowing (mussels), monitoring should be done on this specie.

Keywords: Monitoring, Escherichia coli, Shellfish, MPN
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiology of bacterial resistance and detection of metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM) and imipenemase (blaIMP) resistance genes at CERBA

Géraud Joël GUIGMA*^1,2, Prosper BADO¹, Valérie Bapio BAZIE^1,2, Tampoubila Edwige YELEMKOURE¹, Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA^1,2, Delwende Leslie KABORE, Désiré ILBOUDO¹, Amana METUOR DABIRE^1,3, Albert Théophane YONLI¹ and Jacques SIMPORE¹

¹Center de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 364/Ouagadougou/ Burkina Faso
²Center National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/Ouagadougou/ Burkina Faso
³University of Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly/Burkina Faso
 
Abstract

Received 6 January, 2025; Revised 28 February, 2025; Accepted 3 March, 2025; Published 7 April, 2025

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. Producing new β-lactamases and carbapenemases is one form of resistance that preoccupies many scientists. The risk of the spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPCs) is a major public health issue, as these enzymes restrict therapeutic options and are often associated with other mechanisms, conferring multi-resistance on strains. Our study aimed to characterize the blaIMP and blaNDM resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from urine cultures and genital swabs at CERBA from 2020 to 2023. Methodology: Pathogens were isolated on agar media, then identified using the API 20 E gallery; Imipenem-resistant strains were subjected to the traditional Hodge test to verify carbapenemase production. Detection of the IMP and NDM resistance genes coding for carbapenemases was carried out by multiplex real-time PCR at CERBA. Results: 1119 samples have been received for bacteriological analysis since January 2020. We noted 14.2% positivity to a clinically pathogenic strain. Bacterial species diversity was dominated by Escherichia coli in 54.71% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.72%).  We observed a predominance of the NDM gene (97.9%) over IMP (2.1%). In some cases, we noted the coexistence of the IMP and NDM genes in Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study enabled us to characterize the IMP and NDM resistance genes in isolation (IMP/NDM) or coexisting together (IMP+NDM) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates at CERBA. This study also enabled us to determine the frequency of bacterial species in bacterial culture samples at CERBA. 

Key words: IMP, NDM, Enterobacteriaceae, β-lactamase, Carbapenemase.