Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and molecular characterization of phosphate solubilizing Enterobacter and Exiguobacterium species from paddy fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Arvind Kumar, Poonam Bhargava and Lal Chand Rai*

Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Algal Biology, Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

Six phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated from paddy fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India harboring low available phosphorus. Taxonomic delineation employing morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic affiliations suggests that they are members of Enterobacter and Exiguobacterium genera. Of the six isolates, Enterobacter sp. LCR1 and LCR2 exhibited high level (568 - 642 g/ml) of phosphate solubilization in NBRIP liquid medium. Exiguobacterium sp. LCR4 and LCR5 showed increased phosphate solubilization efficiency under alkaline pH while Enterobacter sp. LCR3 remained unaffected. At high salt and temperature, Enterobacter sp. LCR1 and LCR2 produced 1.6 fold soluble phosphorus in comparison with earlier studies. Thus, these isolates may be useful for the development of potential bio-inoculants for soils having alkaline pH, high salt, temperature and insoluble phosphorus.

Key words: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, phylogenetic analysis, Enterobacter spp., Exiguobacterium spp., 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Copepod parasite of the gills of four teleost fishes caught from the gulf of Annaba (Algeria)

Chahinez Boualleg¹, Hadda Ferhati¹, Nouha Kaouachi¹, Mourad Bensouilah¹ and Sonia Ternengo²

¹Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Milieux Marins et Littoraux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP: 12 El- Hadjar, Annaba 23000, Algérie.

²Laboratoire (Parasites et écosystèmes méditerranéens), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

The examination of the gills of 960 fishes belonging to four species: Diplodus annularis, Pagellus erythrinus, Lithognatus mormyrus and Mullus barbatus collected from the Gulf of Annaba, enabled us to identify 13 species of parasitic copepods: Caligus ligusticus, Caligus diaphanus, Clavellotis sp, Clavellotis sargi, Clavellotis pagri, Clavellotis strumosa, Lernaeolophus sultanus, Hatschekia pagellibogneravei, Hatschekia sp, Hatschekia mulli, Sparidicola lithognathi, Neobrachiella exigua and Alella macrotrachelus. The distribution of copepods identified, varies from one host species to another and one season to another. P. erythrinus and L. mormyrus present the important number of copepods species. However, the winter presents the highest parasitic diversity (13). Furthermore, the majority of oixenous species are counted. The rates of most values are recorded in summer (33%) and spring (25%). It is also, D. annularis which shelters more of the 2/3 population of copepods collected. The copepod H. pagellibogneravei is the most abundant. The evaluation of parasitic indices shows that, it is during the summer and spring that the maximum values are recorded.

Key words: Copepod gills, Gulf of Annaba, teleost fish, season.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Application of PCR-RFLP of gap gene method as a molecular typing tool for coagulase negative Staphylococci from bovine and human origin identified with VITEK 2

Emel Banu Buyukunal Bal¹*_, Mehmet Ali Bal², Taner Isevi² and Erkan Yula³

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

³Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

Accepted 2 April, 2015

Abstract

The aim of this study was to apply the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase encoding gene (gap) for testing its performance as a molecular typing tool in coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates from bovine mastitis (n = 59) and human clinical cases (n = 13) identified with VITEK 2. According to the phenotypic identification results, bovine mastitis isolates were Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus cohnii. Although most of those isolates were generated PCR amplicons with gap gene specific primers, PCR amplification of gap gene failed in 29 from 72 isolates. The samples that did not produce amplicons were reamplified with Staphylococcal 16S rRNA gene specific primers. After PCR amplifications, amplicons were produced in 17 from 29 samples. Three different restriction endonucleases (AluI, MseI and RsaI) were used for PCR-RFLP analysis, among these AluI has been found the most discriminatory power for identification in species. The results of the RFLP of gap gene provide a support for the misidentification problem associated with VITEK 2 system for S. simulans, S. auricularis and S. capitis species. Moreover, more frequent failure in gap gene amplification for bovine isolates which were phenotypically identified as S. simulans, S. auricularis, S. capitis, S. xylosus and S. cohnii was not clear. In addition, the method verified the phenotypic identification for S. haemolyticus, S. warneri, S. hominis and S. epidermidis isolates with different rates at 100, 33.3, 57.1, and 66.7%, respectively.

Key words: Coagulase negative staphylococci, gap gene, PCR-RFLP.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Detection of adhesin genes and slime production among Staphylococci in orthopaedic surgical wounds

Nizami Duran¹*, Yunus Dogramaci², Burcin Ozer¹, Cemil Demir¹ and Aydiner Kalaci²

¹Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.

²Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.

Accepted 12 March, 2016

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating: (i) three adhesin genes (clf A, fnb A and cna) in Staphylococus aureus strains, (ii) the presence of slime (ica A and ica D genes) in both Staphylococus epidermidis and S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. The slime and adhesin genes were detected by multiplex PCR. The ica A/ica D positivity rates were determined as 66.2% (104/157) in a total of 157 staphylococcal strains. While the occurance rate of slime genes was 69.6% (48/69) among the S. epidermidis, this ratio was 63.6% (56/88) among the S.aureus isolates. No statistically significant difference was found between S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolates in terms of the presence of slime genes (p > 0.05). Among the 88 S. aureus strains, almost all of the strains were positive for fnb A gene (97.7%). The cna and clf A positivity rates were detected in 69 (78.4%) and 45 (51.1%) isolates, respectively. The ica A and ica D genes responsible for slime production have been found to have high prevalence. Also, the frequency of adhesin genes was determined at a high rate in S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. Molecular identification of virulent staphylococcal strains may help in management in clinical decision making.

Key words: Adhesins, slime, Staphylococus aureus, Staphylococus epidermidis, wound infection.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Observation on the occurrence and transmission pattern of Salmonella gallinarum in commercial poultry farms in Ogun State, South Western Nigeria

Agbaje M.¹*, Davies R.², Oyekunle M. A.¹, Ojo O. E.¹, Fasina F. O.³ and Akinduti P. A.¹

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

²Veterinary Laboratories Agencies-Weybridge, New Haw, Addelstone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.

³Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Accepted 14 April, 2015

Abstract

Reports of heavy mortality in three commercial layer poultry farms and two meat-type turkey farms in Ogun State were received separately between March and December, 2008 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. We investigated the cause of mortality, isolated and serotyped the aetiological agent, and carried out antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All five isolates serotyped were Salmonella Gallinarum and showed identical patterns of resistance and susceptibility to all antimicrobials used. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance in all five isolates is of importance since fluoroquinolone resistance has implications for both veterinary and human therapy and the abuse of such medications in poultry could result in the emergence of resistant zoonotic organisms.

Key words: Occurrence, transmission pattern, Salmonella gallinarum poultry farms.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2016 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Systematic position of Moesziomyces penicillariae among Ustilaginaceae

Gnagna Diagne-Leye¹*, Teresa Almaraz-Lopez^{2, 3}, Maïmouna Sy-Ndir¹, Gérard Mascarell⁴, Amadou Tidiane Ba⁵ and Christophe Roux^{2, 3}

¹Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des champignons (LBC), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, B. P. 5005, Dakar, Senegal.

²Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, B. P. 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.

³CNRS, UMR 5546, B. P. 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.

⁴Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Equipe « Cyanobactérie, Cyanotoxines, et environnement », MCAM, FRE 3206 CNRS/MNHN Paris, France.

⁵Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, B. P. 5005, Dakar, Senegal.

Accepted 15 April, 2015

Abstract

We revisited the systematic position of the fungus Moesziomyces penicillariae, the causal agent of smut of pearl millet, by using morphological characters, germination pattern of teliospores and molecular analysis of ribosomal sequences. Samples of smutted ears of pearl millet were harvested in Senegal (West Africa). Compared to the description of Moesziomyces genus sensus Vánky, our samples presented morphological differences: i) presence of a columella-like structure in sori; ii) surface ornamentations of teliospores; iii) teliospore germination similar to Ustilago and Sporisorium ones. We investigated the systematic position of our samples by aligning their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of the ribosomal regions with 47 sequences from Ustilaginaceae. The resulting tree rooted with Tolyposporium junci allowed the separation of five groups among which, they are, two Ustilago and two Sporisorium. An independent clade is formed by Tranzscheliella williamsii and Tranzscheliella hypodytes species including Ustilago sparti. Moesziomyces species used in this analysis form a monophylletic group located in Ustilago 2 group, which include different Ustilago and Sporisorium species but also Pseudozyma antartica. Our results indicate the necessity to amend the Moesziomyces genus as the morphological and molecular data confirm that they are included in the Ustilago-Sporisorium complex.

Key words: Pearl millet smut, Moesziomyces penicillariae, Ustilaginaceae.