ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia argyi against Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)
Jianhua Lü*, Cunrong Wu and Ya Shi
School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Accepted 22 March, 2019
Abstract
The repellent, fumigant effect and contact toxicity of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi (Asteraceae: Artemisia) plant against Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) was investigated. The A. argyi oil exhibited strong repellent, fumigant effect and contact toxicity against O. surinamensis which progressively increased with increased exposure dosage. Repellency percentage of A. argyi oil against O. surinamensis adults reached IV grade after 48 h exposure period at the dosage of 0.40 µl/cm2, the corrected percentage mortality for fumigant toxicity reached more than 97% at the dosage of 160 µl/l air, and the current population inhibition percentage (CPI) and F1 progeny population inhibition percentage (PPI) reached 77.38 and 96.06% at the dosage of 0.80 µl/g, respectively. The results suggest that the A. argyi oil has great potential for effectively controlling O. surinamensis.
Key words: Natural product, Artemisia argyi, toxicity, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, stored grain insect.
Jianhua Lü*, Cunrong Wu and Ya Shi
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae in areas with different successional stages at a tropical dry forest biome in Brazil
Fernanda Covacevich1* and Ricardo L. L. Berbara2
1Department of Agronomy, EEA INTA-FCA, UNMP, C.C. 276, Balcarce, Buenos Aires 7620, Argentina.
2Department of Soil, Rural Federal University of Río de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, km 7, CEP 23890-970 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mycelium creates multiple fungal links between roots of plants and could be an important component of plant succession in ecosystems. Our objective was to compare the spore number (SN), genus contribution and indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AMC) capacity of soils from a tropical dry forest (caatinga) ecosystem in Brazil at different levels of successional stages after culturing for 3 months in a greenhouse Brachiaria decumbens (= Urochloa decumbens Staph) as trap plants. Soil samples were collected from Parque Estadual Mata Seca (Manga, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) in four different areas: (a) Pasture (5 years without human activity, covered mainly by Panicum maximum Jacq.); and three different forest successional stages: (b) Initial (8 years in process of spontaneous recovery), (c) Intermediate (17 years without human activity) and (d) Late (no recorded human activity). At 90 DAP plants growing at intermediate disturbance soil had the lowest dry matter production, probably because of the lowest available soil P and Ca contents of this soil. The highest SN was found in soils from pasture while the lowest was in soils from the intermediate area. Glomus was, in general, the most abundant genus followed by Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Scutellospora (always present in intermediates rates). The contribution of Archaeospora was the lowest; however, in some cases it was absent. AMC was higher in plant roots growing in soils from pasture but the lowest AMC was in plant roots from the intermediate area. This could be associated with the soil acidity, Al and H contents of this area which could be toxic to AMF. Mycorrhiza formation and SN appeared to be more related to the physicochemical characteristics of the soil and the host plant development to the soil successional stage. Further studies are needed in order to identify appropriate management strategies for restoration of altered lands in order to contribute to the biodiversity conservation and microbial activity of ecosystems.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, plant succession, soil factors.
Ricardo L. L. Berbara, a Covacevich*, Fern
Research Article
Effects of the electromagnetic radiation on oocysts of Eimeria papillata infecting mice
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of the electromagnetic radiation on oocysts of Eimeria papillata infecting mice
Saleh Al-Quraishy1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Abdulsalam A. Alkhudhayri1
1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
Accepted 23 February, 2019
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) produced by many telecommunication systems, has short and long term biological effects on living cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of EMR on the outcome of coccidiosis induced by Eimeria papillata. Oocysts from E. papillata infected mice were exposed to the EMR in the form of gamma rays, ultraviolet rays and radiations emitted from the mobile phone. Sporulation rate, oocysts shedding as well as the histological alterations in jejunum of mice irradiated with oocysts exposed to EMR were determined. Oocyst output was reduced in mice exposed to EMR. The jejunum histopathology was improved after inoculation of mice with irradiated oocysts. We suggest that EMR has anticoccidial activities and its application could serve as an alternative to the anticoccidial drugs currently used in poultry production.
Key words: Electromagnetic radiation, Eimeria papillata, mice.
Saleh Al-Quraishy, Mohamed A. Dkhil* and Abdulsalam A. Alkhudhayri
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quick isolation and characterization for the confirmation of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strains from chicken manure samples
Suguna Muniady1, Xavier Rathinam1 and Sreeramanan Subramaniam2*
1AIMST University, Bukit Air Nasi, Jalan Bedong, 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
2School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Accepted 25 January, 2019
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) based pesticides has become the greatest successes among the microbial pesticides. This research was focused on the isolation and characterization of Bt from chicken manure samples as a comprehensive effort to contribute to the establishment of native Bt strains from various types of habitats in Malaysia. Initially, selection was done mainly based on colony morphology, Gram staining and phase contrast microscopy. Total of 85 colonies were identified and isolated based on colony morphology, in which off-white, matte and creamy appearance showed the characteristics of the genus Bacillus. The number reduced to 35 colonies after Gram staining was done. Subsequently, total of 8 isolates were confirmed to be B. thuringiensis after Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining was carried out. The presence of B. thuringiensis strain was confirmed when a blue cap -like structure and a darkly stained oval structure, insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP) appeared in the sporulation phase. An isolate was chosen out of the 8 isolates in order to generate the growth curve of B. thuringiensis bacteria. The similarity of the aspects above confirms that the selected isolate was a Bt strain. Isolates were further characterized by SDS-PAGE analysis to determine the molecular masses of the Bt proteins. These isolates produced two major ranges of polypeptides, the Cry protein which corresponds to a range of 70-150kDa and the Cyt protein profile which corresponds to the range of 18-40kDa. The protein profile obtained correlates the strains to the typical Bt strain. A total of 6 isolate yielded SDS-PAGE products that demonstrated major protein bands of approximately 135kDa and 140kDa, possibly encoded by the genes cryI and cryIV, respectively.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, chicken manure, protein analysis.
Xavier Rathinam and Sreeramanan Subramaniam*, Suguna Muniady
Review
Advances in microbial heterologous production of flavonoids
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Advances in microbial heterologous production of flavonoids
Fangchuan Du1,2, Fangkai Zhang1,2, Feifei Chen1,3, Anming Wang1*, Qiuyan Wang1, Xiaopu Yin1 and Shuling Wang1
1Research Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
2College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
3College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
Accepted 21 February, 2019
Abstract
Flavonoids are important plant specific secondary metabolites that are synthesized from the general phenylpropanoid pathway and have many pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions. Separation of pure flavonoids from plants material is very difficult and chemical syntheses of flavonoids require extreme reaction conditions and toxic chemicals. However, in the past decades, engineered microbes are becoming increasingly important as recombinant production platforms. Cultivation of the recombinant strains in rich medium offers another choice for the production of flavonoids. In the present review, we cover the main achievements that the multi-gene pathway of phenylpropanoid is introduced as microorganisms to heterologously produce flavonoids, analyze the key factors affecting heterologous production of flavonoids in microbes, and discuss the new research prospect.
Key words: Flavonoids, metabolic engineering, natural products, synthetic biology.
Xiaopu Yin and Shuling Wang, Fangchuan Du, Qiuyan Wang, Fangkai Zhang, Anming Wang*, Feifei Chen
Research Article
Biodegradation of free-gossypol by a new fungus isolated from cotton planted soil
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biodegradation of free-gossypol by a new fungus isolated from cotton planted soil
Xia Yang1, Jianlin Guo2 and Jianyi Sun3*
1School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou Zhejiang 313000, China.
2Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou Zhejiang 313001, China.
3College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
Accepted March 14, 2019
Abstract
A new fungal strain isolated from a soil microcosm was investigated due to the finding that it could biodegrade free-gossypol on agar plates. Benzyl chloride was used for extracting fungal genomic DNA which was isolated from mycelium grown in liquid culture, then 18S rDNA was specifically polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified using a pair of primers EF4/EF3 (1.4 kb). The strain was further identified as a member of the genus Aspergillus through the morphological and molecular biological methods. The isolated strain had a high tolerance of free-gossypol and 2 g/L was chosen as the best addition amount. Furthermore, the dry weight method was employed to determine the growth curve and optimum temperature of the gossypol-degrading fungus in different carbon sources. The results showed that it was best to be researched after incubation for 72 h at 30°C. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report on biodegradation of gossypol on solid plates without other carbon sources and this might help in decomposing some anti-nutritional factors in feed resources.
Key words: Free-gossypol, fungus, biodegradation, isolation, growth characteristics.
Jianlin Guo and Jianyi Sun*, Xia Yang