ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus with nematicides and resistance
M. A. Latif1, 4*, M. W. Ullah2, M. Y. Rafii1 and M. I. Tajul3
1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
2Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
3Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
4Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of nematicide application timing and type on the management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus were investigated in the rain-fed and irrigated rice ecosystems. A broad range of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were also screened for resistance to D. angustus. Ufra infestation was significantly reduced when 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G was applied up to 20 d before transplanting of infested seedlings in the field. Three granular nematicides, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G and forwafuran 5G, all applied at 1 kg ai/ha were evaluated against ufra in comparison with 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G and a non-treated control. In both the ecosystems, all the 3 nematicides significantly reduced the number of damaged-tillers and total ufra infestation compared to the non-treated control. Similarly, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G, and forwafuran 5G treated plots had 45.3 to 52.7% healthy panicles with 3.89 to 4.02 t/ha yield in rain-fed rice and 47.6 to 53.0% healthy panicles with 3.85 to 3.97 t/ha yield in rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. These yields were similar to furadan-treated rice in 2 ecosystems. Yield losses due to ufra disease were 49.1 and 42.4% in the rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. Soil application of the nematicides, forwafuran, edfuran and sunfuran was cost-effective especially in fields of endemic areas. A total of 53 rice entries were tested, only 4 entries, fukuhonami, hyakikari, akiyu taka and matsuhonami showed highly resistance reactions to D. angustus.
Key words: Cost-effective, Ditylenchus angustus, management, nematicides, rice ufra disease, resistance reaction.
M. W. Ullah, M. A. Latif*, M. Y. Rafii and M. I. Tajul
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Statistical optimization of cultural conditions for chitinase production from shrimp shellfish waste by Alternaria alternata
Khaled M. Ghanem1,2*, Fahad A. Al-Fassi1 and Reem M. Farsi1
1Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Alternaria alternata, a local isolate from fishery polluted soil, was used successfully for the biodegradation of shrimp shellfish waste in favor of the production of highly active chitinase enzyme. Chitinase production was noticeably influenced by the culture medium and the highest enzyme production was attained through the log growth phase (96 h). Pronounced increase in chitinase production was concomitant with the finest waste size. Stagnant culture conditions were more adequate than shake cultures. Statistically based experimental designs were applied to optimize the production of chitinase by A. alternata. Plackett-Burman factorial design revealed that concentrations of glucose, MnSO4.H2O and CoCl2 were the most significant factors affecting the process of enzyme production. Maximum enzyme activity (8.12 U/min), which is approximately 1.8 folds the activity expressed in the basal medium, has been assayed at concentrations (g/l): glucose, 9; MnSO4.2H2O, 3.2 and CoCl2, 2, after only 90 h of fermentation, when the second optimization step of Box-Behnken design was applied. The crude chitinase was characterized and maximum activity (19.53 U/min) was attained in reaction mixture of 50°C incubation temperature, 1.5 ml crude enzyme, 0.5 ml of 1% colloidal chitin, pH5 and reaction time of 10 min. The enzyme is thermostable and lost 20% of its activity when heated at 60°C for 60 min. The effect of metal ions in enzyme activity revealed that the enzyme have specific requirement of Ca and K ions for its activity. The results indicated that A. alternata is highly efficient fungus to produce highly active chitinase when grown in statistically optimized medium containing shrimp shellfish waste.
Key words: Alternaria alternate, chitinase, shellfish, statistical optimization.
Khaled M. Ghanem*, Fahad A. Al-Fassi and Reem M. Farsi
Page: 1 - 11
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Estimation of genetic parameter in Iranian Holstein crossbred dairy cattle
Ghorbani A.1*, S. Miraii Ashtiani2, Salamatdoust Noubr1, Agdam shahriar H.1 and Nikzad S.1
1Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.
2Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
The performance of Holstein × Indigenous (H×I) crossbred dairy cattle in Iran was considered between 1991 and 2003. Milk, fat yield and fat percentage traits were considered in this research. Variance components were estimated using animal model (single trait) and derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood method for different traits. Crossbred animals with 50 to 70% of Holstein gene ratio have shown higher performance. The average performances for the mentioned traits were 2722.68, 122.97 and 3.97%, respectively. The estimation of the heritability for milk yield, fat yield, and fat percentage were 0.332, 0.3277 and 0.145. The research results showed that production potential has been increased by crossbreeding.
Key word: Genetic parameter, crossbreeding, Holstein.
S. Miraii Ashtiani, Salamatdoust Noubr, Ghorbani A.*, Agdam shahriar H and Nikzad S
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prokaryotic expression and purification of grass carp reovirus capsid protein VP7 and its vaccine potential
Yongxing He1, Qian Yang1, Hongxu Xu2, Hao Wu1, Fangyuan Wu1 and Liqun Lu1*
1Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization /Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China.
2Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The 11 dsRNA fragmental genome of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is enclosed in five inner core proteins and two outer capsid proteins. The Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein expression vector pGEX-4T-3 was employed to clone and expression of GCRV outer capsid gene vp7, which was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) from infected Grass carp. The recombinant GST-fusion protein rVP7 was induced by 1 mM IPTG in Dh5 and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays using both anti-GST-tag and anti-VP7 monoclonal antisera. An expected 52-kDa rVP7 was highly expressed, and was mainly exhibited in the formation of the inclusion body. After purification, rVP7 was intraperitoneally injected to the experimental mice to produce anti-rVP7 polyclonal serum. In vitro microneutralization assay indicated that polyclonal antibody against rVP7 could neutralize GCRV, and suggested that rVP7 had the potential to be used as subunit vaccine against GCRV infection. The present study paved the way for further characterization of the immunogenicity of viral outer capsid protein VP7 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and could be based to develop antibody or antigen detection assays for GCRV pathogen.
Key words: Grass carp reovirus, VP7 protein, prokaryotic expression, western blot, microneutralization.
Yongxing He, Fangyuan Wu and Liqun Lu*, Hao Wu, Hongxu Xu, Qian Yang
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Mehdi Raissy1*, Hassan Momtaz2, Manouchehr Moumeni3, Mahsa Ansari4 and Ebrahim Rahimi1
1Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
4Fish Research Center, Central Laboratory, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The occurrence of various Vibrio species in lobster hemolymph from the Persian Gulf was studied. A total number of 60 lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were caught from south coast of Iran and were studied to identify Vibrio spp. in hemolymph. Four Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Six lobsters (10%) contained one or more Vibrio spp. as 4 samples contained V. alginolyticus, one contained V. vulnificus and one species contained both V. harveyi and V. mimicus and none of samples contained V. parahemolyticus and V. cholera.
Key word: Persian Gulf, vibriosis, Panulirus homarus.
Mehdi Raissy*, Hassan Momtaz, Manouchehr Moumeni, Mahsa Ansari and Ebrahim Rahimi
Page: 1 - 4
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antibiotic resistance of some lactobacilli isolated from the gut microflora of broiler
Behira Belkacem* and Kihal Mebrouk
Faculté des sciences, Laboratoire de microbiologie appliqué, Université d’Oran, Algérie.
Accepted 02 February, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the antibiotic use in poultry and the development of the resistance in the gut microflora of broiler. Microbiological methods were used to investigate the susceptibility of ten lactobacilli stains isolated from digestive tract of broiler. The isolates were tested against the ten most used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine in Algeria. The isolates exhibited high resistance to all antibiotics tested in the range 70 to 100%. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) also were evaluated for each isolates. Lactobacilli of broiler’s microflora are a reservoir of resistance genes able to dispread the antibioresistance phenomenon through the food chain and the environment. Further studies need to be performed to understand the mechanisms and the causes responsible for this phenomenon. This study shows the need to find alternatives and emergency measures to avoid repercussions on public health.
Key words: Lactobacilli, antibiotics, resistance, broiler, microflora.
Kihal Mebrouk, Behira Belkacem*
Page: 1 - 3