ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacteriuria in patients with indwelling urethral catheter in Owerri municipality, Nigeria
Chukwuocha, U. M.1*, Dozie, U. W.1 and Nwawume, I. C.2
1Department of Public Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Optometry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Bacteriuria in patients with indwelling urethral catheter in Owerri Municipality of Imo State, Nigeria was studied. A total of 500 early mornings mid stream urine samples from patients admitted in different hospitals within the Municipality. The samples were microbiologically analyzed using cultural methods on different isolation media. A total of 220 isolates were identified. Identification tests showed the presence of Escherichia coli (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), Klebsiella sp. (7.0%), Proteus sp. (5.8%), Streptococcus faecalis (4.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.8%), Citrobacter sp. (2.8%) and Enterobacter sp. (1.6%). Samples obtained from patients aged 71 to 80 years had the highest incidence of bacteria. A total of 120 (48.0%) of the isolates were obtained from female patients. Out of these, 12.0% were identified as E. coli. Result further show that, long duration catherized patients of up to 29 days and above have more bacteriuria infection than short term indwelling catheter. These findings have greatly implicated indwelling catheter as a major cause of bacteriuria in catheterized patients.
Key words: Bacteuria, urethral, cathether, isolates.
Dozie , U. W and Nwawume, I. C, Chukwuocha , U. M*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some plant extracts
Al-Rahmah N.1, Mostafa A.1, and Abdel-Megeed A.1,2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Collage of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
2Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The efficiency of five methanolic plant extracts obtained from Euclayptus globolus, Olea europaea, Salvadora persica, Thymus vulgaris and Ziziphus spina-christi were investigated for their inhibitory effect on the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of the toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from wheat seeds. Extract of T. vulgaris showed the highest antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities as aflatoxin B1 production was absolutely arrested at 5 mg/ml, while the mycelial growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited at 15 mg/ml. E. globolus and O. europaea extracts showed a moderate antifungal activities and exhibited a significant antiaflatoxigenic efficiency as they inhibited aflatoxin B1 production at 15 mg/ml. On the other hand, S. persica showed weak antifungal activities while no effect was detected with Z. spina-christi extract. The analysis of plant extracts by GC/MS revealed that T. vulgaris extract was mainly composed by thymol (38.73%), carvacrol (19.31%) and ρ-cimene (10.13%), O. europaea extract was composed by anthracenedione (20.63%), terbutaline (13.96%) and propiolic acid (12.02%) while eucalyptol (30.62%), globulol (18.94%) and silane (9.13%) were the principal components of E. globolus extract. These extracts of T. vulgaris, E. globolus and O. europaea which are effective and environmentally safe are promising for protecting wheat seeds against aflatoxigenic strain of A. flavus.
Key words: Aflatoxins, wheat, antiaflatoxigenic, methanolic extracts, Euclayptus globolus, Olea europaea, Salvadora persica, Thymus vulgaris.
Mostafa A and Abdel-Megeed A, Al-Rahmah N
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The viability of the Lactobacillus paracasei IL2 and Lactobacillus plantarum IL3 strains in simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Emanuel Vamanu1*, Adrian Vamanu1, Sultana Nita2 and Nicoleta Rusu2
1Faculty of Biotechnology and Biotehnol Center, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Bd. M r ti No. 59, District 1, Bucharest, Romania.
2National Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research Development, ICCF Bucharest, Vitan Road No. 112, Sector 3, Bucharest, Romania.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The viability maintenance of Lactobacillus paracasei IL2 and Lactobacillus plantarum IL3 strains in gastrointestinal conditions represents one of the most important characteristics regarding their use for obtaining probiotic products. The tests were performed with a cell suspension kept in 0.5% NaCl. The influences of pepsin (3 g/l) at pH values of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3.0, as well as of pancreatin (1 g/l) in the presence of bile salts (1.5, 2, 3 and 5 mg/ml) were determined. The influence of casein and mucin, in a concentration of 1 g/l, were also established in the aforementioned conditions. It was observed that casein presented a longer viability maintenance; a fact also confirmed by the calculation of the mathematical parameters of viability and mortality, when mucin was either used or not, especially in the case of gastric transit. The results proved that the tested strains maintained their viability even at pH between 1.8 and 2.0 and at an even higher concentration, of 2 mg/ml, of bile salts, but up to two hours as of the exposure to the conditions of the simulated small intestinal juice. Such results were also confirmed by the cumulated effect of the simulated gastric and small intestinal juice, the strains thus increasing their viability with an average of 15% in the presence of casein.
Key words: Mucin, casein, ColonyQuant, pepsin, pancreatin.
Emanuel Vamanu*, Adrian Vamanu, Sultana Nita and Nicoleta Rusu
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Serological survey of brucellosis in livestock animals in Sarab City (East Azarbayjan province), Iran
J. Akbarmehr* and M. Ghiyamirad
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Sarab Branch, Sarab, Iran.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Despite its control program, the disease is endemic in Iran and remains one of the most important public health problems. The aim of this survey was to determine the seroprovalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Sarab City, Iran. A total of 1500 animals (600 cattle, 740 sheep and 160 goats) were examined for brucellosis from February 2007 to September 2008. The examined animals were divided into two sex groups (male and female). Moreover cattle were divided into four breed groups (Holstein, Brown Swiss, Native and Mixed). Serological examinations including Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) were performed on serum samples obtained from examined animals. In overall, out of 1500 blood samples 61 (4.06%) were positive for brucellosis. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats were found 3.66, 4.18 and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of brucellosis in different breeds of cattle, Holstein, Brown Swiss, native and mixed breeds were determined as: 4.72, 2.22, 2.50 and 3.75%, respectively. The prevalence rates of the disease in male and female animals were determined as follows: Male cattle, 1.53%, female cattle, 3.92%, male sheep, 2.8%, female sheep, 4.89%, male goats, 2.22%, and female goats, 6.08%. There were differences in the prevalences of brucellosis in different breeds and sexes of examined animals however statistically were not significant (P>0.05, X2 <3.84). The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Sarab City is relatively high and effective control program of the disease should be recommended.
Key words: Brucellosis, Sarab, prevalence, livestock.
M. Ghiyamirad, J. Akbarmehr*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-013, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Pythium species inducing root rot symptoms of common bean in Rwanda
J. Nzungize1*, P. Gepts2, R. Buruchara3, S. Buah3, P. Ragama4, J. P. Busogoro5 and J. P. Baudoin1
1University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium.
2University of California, Davis, USA.
3CIAT, Pan Africa Bean Research Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.
4National Agriculture Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda.
5Belgium Technical Cooperation, IPM project, Kigali, Rwanda.
Accepted 7 January, 2019
Abstract
A series of 231 samples of bean plants affected by bean root rot were collected from different areas of Rwanda in order to characterize the causal agents. The collected samples were used to isolate 96 typical Pythium colonies which were classified into 16 Pythium species according to their respective molecular sequences of the ribosomal ITS fragments. Inoculation assays carried out on a set of 10 bean varieties revealed that all identified species were pathogenic on common bean. However, the bean varieties used in this investigation showed differences in their reaction to inoculation with the 16 Pythium species. In fact, the varieties CAL 96, RWR 617-97A, URUGEZI and RWR 1668 were susceptible to all the Pythium species while the varieties G 2331, AND 1062, MLB 40- 89A, VUNINKINGI, AND 1064 and RWR 719 showed a high level of resistance to the all Pythium species used in our study. This high level of resistance to Pythium root rot disease found in diverse varieties of common bean grown in Rwanda constitutes a real advantage to be exploited as source of resistance in breeding programs aiming to increase resistance to the disease in the most popular bean varieties grown in Rwanda.
Key words: Bean, characterization, molecular, Phaseolus, Pythium, root rot.
S. Buah, J. P. Busogoro and J. P. Baudoin, J. Nzungize*, P. Ragama, P. Gepts, R. Buruchara
Page: 1 - 13
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina on selected urinary tract pathogens
Uzoigwe C. I.* and Agwa O. K.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The aqueous ethanol and acetone-ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaves and stems were investigated for their antimicrobial activities compared to ciprofloxacin, against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp and Staphylococcus sp. The antimicrobial activity of each extract on the isolates was determined by agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The acetone-ethanolic extract of the leaf showed the highest antibacterial activity on Klebsiella sp in both methods used, followed by the ethanol leaf extracts on the same organism. E. coli and Staphylococcus sp were not susceptible to any of the extracts even at higher concentrations. The aqueous extracts of both leaf and stem were ineffective on all the test isolates at all concentration. Comparatively, the test isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin in both methods used but the antibacterial effect of acetone- ethanolic leaf extract on Klebsiella sp was higher than that of ciprofloxacin on Klebsiella sp. The results from this research showed that V. amygdalina could be used as raw material in the synthesis of antimicrobial drugs, especially against Klebsiella sp which have been attributed with high level drug resistance in urinary tract infections.
Key words: Ciprofloxacin, acetone, urinary tract infections, ethanol.
Uzoigwe C. I.*, Agwa O. K.
Page: 1 - 6