ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Deoxynivanol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) in artisanal sorghum opaque beer brewed in north Cameroon
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Deoxynivanol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) in artisanal sorghum opaque beer brewed in north Cameroon
Djoulde Darman Roger
The Higher Institute of Sahel, University of Maroua, P. O. Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The production and consumption of artisanal home-brewed sorghum beer (Bil-bil and Kpata) is a widespread traditional practice in the northern Sudan-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Deoxynivanol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) in these home-brewed artisanal opaque beer samples extracted by HPLC method, before analysis by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) procedure, showed a wide range of levels. All samples were positive for DON and FB 1. DON levels varies from 140 to 730 ng/ml with a mean of 450 ±90 ng/ml for Bil bil and from 0.0 to 680 ng/ml with a mean of 520±70 ng/ml in Kpata. The recorded levels of fumonisin B1 varies from 0.0 to 230 ng/ml with a mean of 150±24 ng/ml in Bil-bil and from 0.5 to 340 ng/ml with a mean of 210±10 in Kpata. On the basis of published data for the consumption of artisanal home-brewed sorghum beer (Bil-bil and Kpata) in Cameroon, the fumonisin and deoxynevanol exposure in these regions among the consumers was found to be well above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake.
Key words: Fumonisins, mycotoxins, North Cameroon, beer, sorghum, Fusarium.
Djoulde Darman Roger
Research Article
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Mehdi Raissy1*, Hassan Momtaz2, Manouchehr Moumeni3, Mahsa Ansari4 and Ebrahim Rahimi1
1Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
4Fish Research Center, Central Laboratory, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The occurrence of various Vibrio species in lobster hemolymph from the Persian Gulf was studied. A total number of 60 lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were caught from south coast of Iran and were studied to identify Vibrio spp. in hemolymph. Four Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Six lobsters (10%) contained one or more Vibrio spp. as 4 samples contained V. alginolyticus, one contained V. vulnificus and one species contained both V. harveyi and V. mimicus and none of samples contained V. parahemolyticus and V. cholera.
Key word: Persian Gulf, vibriosis, Panulirus homarus.
Mahsa Ansari and Ebrahim Rahimi, Manouchehr Moumeni, Hassan Momtaz, Mehdi Raissy*
Research Article
Isolation and identification of N-acylhomoserin lactone degrading bacteria from potato rhizosphere
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and identification of N-acylhomoserin lactone degrading bacteria from potato rhizosphere
Esmaeil Mahmoudi1*, Nader Hasanzadeh1, Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei2 and Vittorio Venturi3
1Department of Plant Pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
3Bacteriology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
In many Gram-negative bacteria, including a number of pathogens such as Pectobacterium carotovorum, virulence factor production and many functions are linked to the quorum sensing (QS) systems that use diffusible N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as intercellular messenger molecules. A number of organisms also contain genes that hydrolyze AHLs into inactive products, thereby blocking the quorum-sensing systems. In this study, the diversity of bacteria that inactivate N -AHL signal in soil and potato rhizoshere was investigated. Among 139 isolated strains, eighteen N-AHL degrading isolates were finally identified as genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces using polyphasic approaches. All these isolates were capable to degraded both synthetic and natural N-AHL produced by Pectobacterium atrosepticum strain SM1. In quenching experiments selected isolates, especially Bacillus sp. EM84, were markedly reduced the pathogenicity of PaSM1 in potato tubers and totally suppressed tissue maceration on potato tubers. These results reveal the diversity of the QS interfering bacteria in the rhizosphere and demonstrate the validity of targeting QS signal molecules to control pathogens with natural bacterial isolates.
Key words: Quorum sensing, acyl-homoserin lactone, quorum quenching, biocontrol.
Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei and Vittorio Venturi, Nader Hasanzadeh, Esmaeil Mahmoudi*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in local cheese produced in Sarab city, Iran and its public health implication
J. Akbarmehr
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Sarab Branch, Sarab, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 16 January, 2019
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by different species of Brucella. The main sources of human brucellosis for general population are dairy products prepared from raw milk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in unpasteurized cheese produced in Sarab city. For this purpose, a total of 1000 cheese samples were collected from Sarab city and its rural area from September 2006 till September 2007. Samples were cultured on selective Brucella agar and incubated at 37°C for a period of 2 weeks. Brucella species were confirmed by biochemical tests and then serological screening was performed by specific Brucella antisera. Overal, among 1000 samples which were examined by bacteriological tests, Brucella organisms were isolated from 22 samples (2.2%), seven of which (0.7%) were B. melitensis and the rest 15 positive samples (1.5%) were B. abortus. The prevalence rates of Brucella organisms in examined cheese samples in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were determined 2.42, 1.39, 2.5 and 2.62% respectively. This study revealed the public health hazard of local cheese produced in Sarab city.
Key words: Brucella, cheese, Sarab.
J. Akbarmehr
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nasal carriage and methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting
S. Citak1*, F. N. Bayazit2 and F. Aksoy3
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
2Department of Infectious Diseases, Fatih University, Ankara, Turkey.
3Hospital of Occupational Disease, Ankara, Turkey.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied from June 2006 – 2007 among in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting in Ankara, Turkey. Methicillin resistance was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Of 438 people, 106 (24.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. The prevalence of nasal carriers for S. aureus were not significantly different between the hospital staff, in-patients and out-patients (p>0.05). The overall prevalence of MRSA was 23.6%. The prevalence of MRSA carrier hospital staffs and in-patients was not significantly different (p>0.05). However, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in the medical staffs and in-patients compared to out-patients (p<0.01). The prevalence of nasal carriers is higher in the hospital staff and in-patients compared to out-patients. Therefore, even a tertiary referral hospital can be the source of methicillin resistance as well as transmission of the resistance.
Key words: Nasal carrier, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff.
F. N. Bayazit and F. Aksoy, S. Citak*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and associated risk factors in South Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia
Tigist Ashagrie, Yosefe Deneke and Tadele Tolosa*
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine of Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A cross - sectional study was conducted in Hammer and Dasenech Districts of South Omo Zone to determine seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis and its potential risk factors. Simple random sampling method was used to select 384 adult goats with no previous history of vaccination against brucellosis in the two districts. Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT) were used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The results revealed that 16 goats (4.2%) were found seropositive for caprine brucellosis by mRBPT test and CFT. Seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis was not significantly affected by sex, age and flock size while it was significantly associated with abortion rate and parity number. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that brucellosis is prevalent at a low rate in South Omo Zone and appropriate control measures should be employed to prevent the spread of the infection to other animals.
Key words: Caprine brucellosis, seroprevalence, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Yosefe Deneke and Tadele Tolosa*, Tigist Ashagrie