ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus with nematicides and resistance
M. A. Latif1, 4*, M. W. Ullah2, M. Y. Rafii1 and M. I. Tajul3
1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
2Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
3Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia.
4Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of nematicide application timing and type on the management of ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus were investigated in the rain-fed and irrigated rice ecosystems. A broad range of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were also screened for resistance to D. angustus. Ufra infestation was significantly reduced when 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G was applied up to 20 d before transplanting of infested seedlings in the field. Three granular nematicides, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G and forwafuran 5G, all applied at 1 kg ai/ha were evaluated against ufra in comparison with 1 kg ai/ha furadan 5G and a non-treated control. In both the ecosystems, all the 3 nematicides significantly reduced the number of damaged-tillers and total ufra infestation compared to the non-treated control. Similarly, sunfuran 5G, edfuran 5G, and forwafuran 5G treated plots had 45.3 to 52.7% healthy panicles with 3.89 to 4.02 t/ha yield in rain-fed rice and 47.6 to 53.0% healthy panicles with 3.85 to 3.97 t/ha yield in rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. These yields were similar to furadan-treated rice in 2 ecosystems. Yield losses due to ufra disease were 49.1 and 42.4% in the rain-fed and irrigated rice, respectively. Soil application of the nematicides, forwafuran, edfuran and sunfuran was cost-effective especially in fields of endemic areas. A total of 53 rice entries were tested, only 4 entries, fukuhonami, hyakikari, akiyu taka and matsuhonami showed highly resistance reactions to D. angustus.
Key words: Cost-effective, Ditylenchus angustus, management, nematicides, rice ufra disease, resistance reaction.
M. W. Ullah, M. A. Latif*, M. Y. Rafii and M. I. Tajul
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Deoxynivanol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) in artisanal sorghum opaque beer brewed in north Cameroon
Djoulde Darman Roger
The Higher Institute of Sahel, University of Maroua, P. O. Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The production and consumption of artisanal home-brewed sorghum beer (Bil-bil and Kpata) is a widespread traditional practice in the northern Sudan-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Deoxynivanol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) in these home-brewed artisanal opaque beer samples extracted by HPLC method, before analysis by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) procedure, showed a wide range of levels. All samples were positive for DON and FB 1. DON levels varies from 140 to 730 ng/ml with a mean of 450 ±90 ng/ml for Bil bil and from 0.0 to 680 ng/ml with a mean of 520±70 ng/ml in Kpata. The recorded levels of fumonisin B1 varies from 0.0 to 230 ng/ml with a mean of 150±24 ng/ml in Bil-bil and from 0.5 to 340 ng/ml with a mean of 210±10 in Kpata. On the basis of published data for the consumption of artisanal home-brewed sorghum beer (Bil-bil and Kpata) in Cameroon, the fumonisin and deoxynevanol exposure in these regions among the consumers was found to be well above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake.
Key words: Fumonisins, mycotoxins, North Cameroon, beer, sorghum, Fusarium.
Djoulde Darman Roger
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Mehdi Raissy1*, Hassan Momtaz2, Manouchehr Moumeni3, Mahsa Ansari4 and Ebrahim Rahimi1
1Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
4Fish Research Center, Central Laboratory, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The occurrence of various Vibrio species in lobster hemolymph from the Persian Gulf was studied. A total number of 60 lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were caught from south coast of Iran and were studied to identify Vibrio spp. in hemolymph. Four Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Six lobsters (10%) contained one or more Vibrio spp. as 4 samples contained V. alginolyticus, one contained V. vulnificus and one species contained both V. harveyi and V. mimicus and none of samples contained V. parahemolyticus and V. cholera.
Key word: Persian Gulf, vibriosis, Panulirus homarus.
Mehdi Raissy*, Hassan Momtaz, Manouchehr Moumeni, Mahsa Ansari and Ebrahim Rahimi
Page: 1 - 4
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antibiotic resistance of some lactobacilli isolated from the gut microflora of broiler
Behira Belkacem* and Kihal Mebrouk
Faculté des sciences, Laboratoire de microbiologie appliqué, Université d’Oran, Algérie.
Accepted 02 February, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the antibiotic use in poultry and the development of the resistance in the gut microflora of broiler. Microbiological methods were used to investigate the susceptibility of ten lactobacilli stains isolated from digestive tract of broiler. The isolates were tested against the ten most used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine in Algeria. The isolates exhibited high resistance to all antibiotics tested in the range 70 to 100%. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) also were evaluated for each isolates. Lactobacilli of broiler’s microflora are a reservoir of resistance genes able to dispread the antibioresistance phenomenon through the food chain and the environment. Further studies need to be performed to understand the mechanisms and the causes responsible for this phenomenon. This study shows the need to find alternatives and emergency measures to avoid repercussions on public health.
Key words: Lactobacilli, antibiotics, resistance, broiler, microflora.
Kihal Mebrouk, Behira Belkacem*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nasal carriage and methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting
S. Citak1*, F. N. Bayazit2 and F. Aksoy3
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
2Department of Infectious Diseases, Fatih University, Ankara, Turkey.
3Hospital of Occupational Disease, Ankara, Turkey.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied from June 2006 – 2007 among in patients and hospital staff in a tertiary referral center setting in Ankara, Turkey. Methicillin resistance was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Of 438 people, 106 (24.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. The prevalence of nasal carriers for S. aureus were not significantly different between the hospital staff, in-patients and out-patients (p>0.05). The overall prevalence of MRSA was 23.6%. The prevalence of MRSA carrier hospital staffs and in-patients was not significantly different (p>0.05). However, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in the medical staffs and in-patients compared to out-patients (p<0.01). The prevalence of nasal carriers is higher in the hospital staff and in-patients compared to out-patients. Therefore, even a tertiary referral hospital can be the source of methicillin resistance as well as transmission of the resistance.
Key words: Nasal carrier, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients and hospital staff.
F. N. Bayazit and F. Aksoy, S. Citak*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular detection of Vibrio spp. in lobster hemolymph
Mehdi Raissy1*, Hassan Momtaz2, Manouchehr Moumeni3, Mahsa Ansari4 and Ebrahim Rahimi1
1Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
3Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
4Fish Research Center, Central Laboratory, Islamic Azad University- Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
The occurrence of various Vibrio species in lobster hemolymph from the Persian Gulf was studied. A total number of 60 lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were caught from south coast of Iran and were studied to identify Vibrio spp. in hemolymph. Four Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Six lobsters (10%) contained one or more Vibrio spp. as 4 samples contained V. alginolyticus, one contained V. vulnificus and one species contained both V. harveyi and V. mimicus and none of samples contained V. parahemolyticus and V. cholera.
Key word: Persian Gulf, vibriosis, Panulirus homarus.
Mahsa Ansari and Ebrahim Rahimi, Manouchehr Moumeni, Hassan Momtaz, Mehdi Raissy*
Page: 1 - 4