ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) among children and adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Aiyegoro O. A.1*, Igbinosa O. O.2, Ogunmwonyi I. N.3, Odjadjare E. E.1, Igbinosa O. E.1 and Okoh A. I.1
1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700 South Africa.
2University of Sint Eustatius, School of Medicine P. O. 73, Goldenrock Sint Eustatius, Netherlands-Antilles.
3Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 April, 2012
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection in children and adolescents, identify the uro-pathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the uro-pathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile universal bottles from 301 children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 18 years at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria from December 2005 – July 2006. Culture plates with bacteria counts greater than or equal to 1x105 cfu-ml-1 were taken as positive, thus indicative of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The bacteria isolates were identified based on colony morphology characteristics, Gram stain reaction and biochemical tests using API 20E kits. The identified bacteria were then tested in vitro with standard antibiotics disc to determine their antibiotics sensitivity patterns. The result of this study shows that 36 (11.96%) of the 301 patients studies had UTI. Of the 124 females examined, 28 (22.4%) had positive urine culture while 8 (4.56%) of the 177 males had significant bacteriuria. A total of 36 bacterial isolates were obtained. Escherichia coli constituted the predominant organism and was responsible for (52.77%) of the cases of UTI. This was followed by Klebsiella sp. (25%), Proteus mirabilis (13.89%), Streptococcus faecalis (5.56%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.78%). The antibiotics sensitivity test revealed a high level of resistant to cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin and colistin as more than 60% of the isolates were resistance to these. This study highlights the presence of multi-resistance P. aeruginosa and poor compliance of the pathogens in vitro to antibiotics commonly used in treating UTI. It is therefore suggested that appropriate antimicrobials be administered to reduce the risk of multiply resistance organisms developing and avert ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Prompt therapeutic intervention is also essential to prevent cases of asymptomatic UTI from becoming symptomatic with resultant damage.
Key words: UTI, uro-pathogens, antibiotic sensitivity.
Odjadjare E. E., Igbinosa O. O., Ogunmwonyi I. N., Igbinosa O. E. and Okoh A. I., Aiyegoro O. A.*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journal
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of TORCH infections in first trimester miscarriage in the Malabar region of Kerala
Denoj Sebastian1, K. F. Zuhara1* and K. Sekaran2
1Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Kerala.
2Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Calicut Medical College, Kerala.
Accepted 20 March, 2012
Abstract
To correlate the prevalence of TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in the Malabar area of Kerala, in order to establish basic knowledge for future pregnancy care. Patients attending the Institute of Maternity and Child Health, Calicut Medical College, Kerala were subjected for the study. Seventy one miscarriage cases and thirty normal pregnant women were studied through their medical, clinical, and serological data. Results were analyzed using person’s chi-square test. This study showed that general population of Malabar area has an infection susceptibility of 32.3% to Toxoplasma gondii, 9.6% to Rubella, 3.2% to CMV (Cytomegalovirus) and 61.3% to HSV (Herpes simplex virus) infections. This was revealed through the estimation of TORCH specific IgG. IgM specific to TORCH agents was also studied in abortion cases and was observed as T. gondii- 50.7% (p<0.03), Rubella- 11.3% (p<0.597), CMV-28.2% (p<0.231) and HSV-59.2% (p<0.022) . When 40.8% of the miscarriage cases were showing IgM specific to one or the other TORCH agents, only 20% of the control cases possessed IgM to TORCH agents. Cross infections with more than one of the TORCH agents was observed and 5.6% of the aborted mothers were infected with all the four pathogens. The significant role of T. gondii and HSV infection on spontaneous abortion, compared to CMV and Rubella, is provided here. The increased susceptibility of the general population of Malabar to these two pathogens, substantiates this observation further. Various abortion categories are also influenced by these pathogens differently. We also observed cross infections with two or more of the pathogens in the TORCH group, with a statistical significance of p<0.003.
Key words: Miscarriage, abortion, TORCH infection.
Denoj Sebastian, K. F. Zuhara* and K. Sekaran
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Aspergillus species on cassava chips in storage in rural areas of southern Cameroon: their relationship with storage duration, moisture content and processing methods
G. Essono2*, M. Ayodele1, A. Akoa2, J. Foko3,4, S. Olembo5, and J. Gockowski6
1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State
2The University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, Yaoundé-Cameroon.
3University of Dschang, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Dschang-Cameroon.
4African Center for Research and Phytosanitary Training, ACRPT, Dschang, Cameroon.
5Commission of the African Union, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia.
6Jim Gockowski, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ghana Station.
Accepted 20, April, 2012
Abstract
A survey was carried out to monitor during a two -month period the incidence of Aspergillus in samples of stored cassava chips traditionally produced in southern Cameroon. Seventy- two samples associated with two forms of chips (cassava balls and cassava pellets) were collected in two locations (Yaoundé and Ebolowa) and 13 Aspergillus species were isolated. In both locations, Aspergillus versicolor was seldom isolated, whereas A. flavus and A. clavatus were most frequently isolated. The level of recovery of isolates obtained was not affected by location and form of chips, but by the duration of storage (P < 0.01) and the moisture content (P < 0.05) . Five core species were identified, which formed more than 70% of the total isolates associated with the samples analyzed. These were A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous. Correlation coefficients computed between pairs of these species based on total isolation figures for the two locations showed that some were significantly associated. A. clavatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous were positively related to one another in a significant way. Similarly, significant correlations, positive or negative, were observed between the moisture content and all core Aspergillus species. The larger number of these toxigenic fungi isolated raises concerns on the potential of stored cassava products as a natural substrate liable to mycotoxin formation.
Key words: Aspergillus species, Cameroon, Cassava chips and Survey.
A. Akoa, and J. Gockowski, J. Foko, S. Olembo, G. Essono*, M. Ayodele
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of oil-pulling on dental caries causing bacteria
T. Durai Anand*, C. Pothiraj, R. M. Gopinath and B. Kayalvizhi
PG Department of Microbiology, V. H. N. S. N. College, Virudhunagar- 626 001, India.
Accepted 12 February, 2012
Abstract
The effect of oil-pulling on the reduction of total count of bacteria was determined. There was a remarkable reduction in the total count of bacteria. The process of oil- pulling reduced the susceptibility of a host to dental caries. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of sesame oil against dental caries causing bacteria was determined. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to be moderately sensitive to the sesame oil.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
T. Durai Anand*, C. Pothiraj, R. M. Gopinath and B. Kayalvizhi
Page: 1 - 10
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Growth and survival of Salmonella zanzibar in juice and salami stored under refrigerated and room temperature
Chatti Abdelwaheb*, Lamouri Imen and Landoulsi Ahmed
Département des Sciences de la vie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisie.
Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et interaction des macromolécules en Biologie, 03/UR/0902.
Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021.
Accepted 7 February, 2012
Abstract
The vehicles usually involved in salmonellosis outbreaks are meat, eggs, poultry and milk. Recently, Salmonella outbreaks were reported in some vegetables such as tomatoes and unpasteurized juice. After inoculation of Salmonella zanzibar onto food samples, growth and survival of S. zanzibar in orange juice and salami were monitored. Our results showed that S. zanzibar is able to grow and survive in orange juice and also in salami. However, growth in salami was more important than in the case of orange juice. Storage at 4°C caused a difference in the survival curve when compared to samples (also juice and salami) incubated at room temperature. The present study demonstrated that orange juice and salami can provide a favorable environment for survival and growth of S. zanzibar in spite of their low pH values.
Key words: Salmonella, orange juice, salami, survival, refrigeration.
Lamouri Imen and Landoulsi Ahmed, Chatti Abdelwaheb*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quantitative survey and anti-microbial effect of Piliostigma thonnigii and Khaya ivorensis leaves on traditional dry-yam
Babajide, J. M * and Atanda, O.O
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 52, Alabata-UNAAB, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 March, 2012
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the quantity of local preservatives (‘Abafe’ Piliostigma thonnigii and ‘Agehu’ Khaya ivorensis leaves) used for parboiling yam and the anti-microbial effect of the leaves on dry- yam ‘Gbodo’. Although, the study revealed that 23 g of abafe, 13 g of agehu and a combination of 12.8 g of abafe and 12.3 g of agehu will be required for 1 kg of yam, there were wide ranges between the quantities of yam as well as the quantities of local preservatives used by the processors. Futhermore, there were reduction in the microbial loads of samples parboiled with the leaves (singly or combined) respectively, immediately after processing and after 3 months of storage compared with the control. Thus, P. thonnigii leaves had bactericidal while K. ivorensis leaves had fungicidal effect on the microorganisms encountered during processing and storage of Gbodo.
Key words: Quantitative survey, anti-microbial, Piliostigma thonningii, Khaya ivorensis, dry-yam.
O.O , J. M * and Atanda, Babajide
Page: 1 - 10