ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Campylobacteriosis in sheep in farm settlements in the Vhembe district of South Africa
Uaboi-Egbenni, P. O.1, Bessong, P. O.1, Samie, A.1 and Obi, C. L.2
1University of Venda, Department of Microbiology, P. M. B. X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
2Academic Affairs and Research, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Accepted 02 January, 2018
Abstract
A total of 300 freshly voided sheep faeces were collected and screened for the presence of Campylobacter spp. using standard microbiological techniques. The samples were obtained randomly from 3 farm settlements in the Venda Region, South Africa in 2008 and 2009. The recovery rate was 30.0% (90 of 300) for all faeces. Of these, 65 (72.2%) were from diarrheic and 25 (27.8%) were from non-diarrheic faeces. Out of the 90 Campylobacter spp. isolated, 41(45.6%) were Campylobacter jejuni and 49 (54.4%) were C. coli. Sixty-three (70%) of the isolates were -haemolytic, while 17 (18.9%) were - haemolytic and 10 (11.1%) were non-haemolytic on 5% sheep red blood cells. The antibiotic resistance patterns of the 90 Campylobacter isolates were examined by the disc diffusion method. All Campylobacter isolates from the farms were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested. The prevalence rate of C. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin was 20.4% compared with C. jejuni, 17.1%. Similar rates were noted for tetracycline for the two species. C. jejuni showed a higher rate of resistance to erythromycin (22.0%) compared with Campylobacter coli (10.2%). Significantly higher frequency of kanamycin resistance was recorded for C. jejuni compared to C. coli (p < 0.005). However, for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, imipenem, gentamycin and ampicillin comparable resistant profiles were recorded for C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from the farms. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in sheep is of public significance in the Venda Region. The observed multi-drug resistance and especially resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in this study pose a threat of transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens because of the close contact between sheep and humans.
Key words: Antibiotics, Campylobacter, haemolytic, macrolides, pathogens, resistance.
P. O., A. and Obi, P. O., C. L., Samie , Uaboi-Egbenni , Bessong
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-011, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bio-nanomodeling of active site in oxidized azurin using by computational methods
F. Mollaamin1*, K. Shahani poor2, T. Nejadsattari3 and M. Monajjemi1,4
1Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
2Ph.D Student, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 10 December, 2017
Abstract
A cluster model for active site of oxidized azurin was presented and investigated the geometric structure and thermochemical parameters. Quantum-mechanical calculations were performed at the HF and B3lYP/6-31G levels of theory in the gas phase and eight solvents at four temperatures. Also, nuclear shielding parameters of the active site of oxidized azurin have been taken into account using GIAO and CSGT methods at the HF and B3LYP/6-31G levels of theory in the gas phase and in different solvents such as water, DMSO, nitromethane, methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloroethane and dichloromethane. The results were revealed that the NMR chemical shielding parameters are strongly affected by inducing different solvent media. According to these theoretical results of energy values, some important relationships have been found between the dielectric constant and structural stability of active site of oxidized azurin. Thus, it can be drastically concluded that the dielectric permittivity of the solvent is a key factor that determines the chemical behavior of active site azurin in solution.
Key words: Azurin, IR, nuclear magnetic resonance, blue copper proteins, solvent effect.
T. Nejadsattari and M. Monajjemi, F. Mollaamin*, K. Shahani poor
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Does dermatophagoides cause different allergic rhinitis clinic than pollens?
M. Akarcay1*, M. C. Miman2, O. Miman2, M. Kelles1 and N. Ekici3
1Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya-Turkey.
2Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey.
3Otolaryngology Clinic, Cizre State Hospital, Sirnak-Turkey.
Accepted 27 September, 2017
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare allergic rhinitis clinics caused by two most common allergens: house dust mites (HDM) and pollens. Three hundred and fifty patients were evaluated. These patients were pure pollen or HDM allergic according to skin prick test (51 HDM+, 299 Pollen+). Mainly, HDM were allergens for perennial allergic rhinitis, while pollens were for seasonal allergic rhinitis (p < 0.01). Both groups were found with similar symptom frequency except palatal, ocular, throat itching and eye redness indicating mostly pollen allergy (p < 0.05). Seasonal exacerbations used for the differential diagnosis were found to be very significantly different. Spring and autumn were the seasons where pollen allergy symptom exacerbation was mainly seen (p < 0.01) . HDM allergy was uniquely found with symptom exacerbations in winter (p < 0.05). Rural area visit was found dominating triggering factor for pollen allergy (p < 0.05). The most common triggering factor was house dust exposure in HDM+ group (p < 0.05). HDM allergy being mostly mimicking pollen allergy in allergic rhinitis, however, differs from it with some clinical features. This could be detected with detailed history taken from the allergic rhinitis patients. While doing definitive diagnosis, prick test may be helpful with a clear patient history in patients hard to diagnose.
Key words: Mite, pollen, allergy, rhinitis.
M. Kelles and N. Ekici, O. Miman, M. Akarcay*, M. C. Miman
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survival enhancement of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CMU-FP002 by granulation and encapsulation techniques
Sasimar Woraharn, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut*, Busabun Sirithunyalug and Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200, Thailand
Accepted 02 December, 2017
Abstract
Two processes of enclosure of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum CMU-FP002, probiotic granules and calcium alginate beads, were studied. Sodium alginate solution at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % (w/v) was used as a binder. The results showed that 20 log cfu/ml initial concentration of cells could be entrapped by the granules and beads with 12 to 13 log cfu/g and 16 cfu/g, respectively. The physical properties of granules and beads revealed that the strength increased when sodium alginate concentration was increased. On the other hand, the dissolution decreased. Probiotic granules completely released the cells within 60 min after being suspended in stimulate gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.8 and had 2 to 3 log survival cells per gram. Calcium alginate beads, which were formulated from 1.0 and 1.5% (w/v) sodium alginate solution, gradually released bacterial cells and were completely released in SGF within 120 min. The beads formulated from 2.0 %(w/v) sodium alginate solution could not completely release the probiotics. The beads contained more survival cells than granules. Furthermore, the beads formulated from 1.5% (w/v) sodium alginate solution had the highest survival cells (9.30 log cfu/g). Probiotic cells in calcium alginate beads were still high (11 log cfu/g), although they were stored at 4˚C for 5 days alternating with room temperature for 5 days, for a total of 2 month. Further application in broilers will be studied.
Key words: Probiotic, survival enhancement, granulation, encapsulation, Lactobacillus plantarum.
Sasimar Woraharn, Busabun Sirithunyalug and Jakkapan Sirithunyalug, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full length Research Paper
Analysis of compatibility relationships among some almond genotypes using fruit set and fluorescence microscopy
Yavar Sharafi1*, Jafar Hajilou2, Seyyed Abol-Gasem Mohammadi3 and Mohammad Reza Dadpour4
1Islamic Azad University of Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran.
2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614766, Iran.
3Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriaz, Tabriz, 5166614766.
4Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of East-Azarbaijan. Tabriz, Iran.
Accepted 06 December, 2017
Abstract
Most of the Iranian almond cultivars are self-incompatible followed by pollination, fertilization, fruit set and lower yield problems. Therefore, selecting suitable cross-compatible cultivars for orchard establishment is necessary especially by new cultivars/genotypes obtained from breeding programs. In this study fruit set and pollen tube growth of ten late- bloom almond genotypes, obtained from a breeding program (D, E, F, I, G, L, K, O, P and Q) were investigated under filed and lab controlled pollination conditions. In order to study self-and cross-(in) compatibility they were pollinated by the pollens of overlap blooming-time genotypes in both conditions. Initial and final fruit set, fruit drop and some of the kernel traits were measured under filed condition. Measurements of pollen tubes at the style and in ovary were scored using fluorescence microscopy in lab, Results showed significant differences in some of the studied characters among crosses in both methods and Results confirmed each other in both methods. Fruit set percentage and pollen tube number in the ovary demonstrated that, all of the genotypes were self-incompatible but cross- (in) compatibility was not observed among them. In conclusion all of the genotypes could be used as a suitable polinizers for each others, regarding overlapping blooming-time of genotypes.
Key words: Almond, self-incompatibility, cross-incompatibility, fruit set, fluorescence microscopy.
Jafar Hajilou, Seyyed Abol-Gasem Mohammadi and Mohammad Reza Dadpour, Yavar Sharafi*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Dynamics of acid phosphatase production of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus tropicalis
Rohit Sharma*, Rakesh K. Baghel and Akhilesh K. Pandey
Department of Biological Sciences, Mycological Research Laboratory, R. D. University, Jabalpur- 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Accepted 05 November, 2018
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus tropicalis was grown in axenic culture to study the effect of pH, temperature, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and heavy metals/trace elements on production of acid phosphatase and mycelial growth. The results of present study showed optimum mycelial growth with pH 4 at 15 and 35 ± 2°C. The ectomycorrhizal mushroom mycelia utilized lactose and yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen source for biomass production. Ferrous sulphate supported the maximum mycelial growth when different trace and heavy metal were used. Among phosphorus sources, di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate supported maximum growth. The acid phosphatase production did not follow a uniform pattern as inferred from observations in this study. Moreover, results showed that high biomass did not mean more acid phosphatase production. However, pH 5 at temperature 15 and 35 ± 2°C supported high enzyme production. Fries Das medium supplemented with inositol and yeast extract produced maximum acid phosphatase at in vitro conditions. Ferric chloride produced considerably higher acid phosphatase among different trace elements tested. The present study demonstrates various factors affecting acid phosphatase production, an important feature for selecting ectomycorrhizal mushrooms for field inoculations.
Key words: Dendrocalamus, Cantharellus, acid phosphatase, ectomycorrhizal mushrooms.
Rohit Sharma*, Rakesh K. Baghel and Akhilesh K. Pandey
Page: 1 - 7