ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Pitfalls in the routine diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus
C.S.S. Bello and A. Qahtani
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha. Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 15 November, 2004
Abstract
Two hundred isolates of Presumed Staphylococcus aureus from routine clinical specimens, collected from two government hospitals in Abha, Saudi Arabia, had their identity verified. We used the tube coagulase test as our gold standard. Twenty (10%) of the isolates were mis-identified. Reliance by the two laboratories on DNase test, Mannitol fermentation reaction and improper performance of the coagulase test, were responsible for the mis-diagnosis.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, diagnosis, pitfalls.
A. Qahtani, C.S.S. Bello
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The pattern of infection and in vivo response to Chloroquine by uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in northwestern Nigeria
Bello SO1,2 *, Muhammad BY1, Bello AY3, Ukatu AI4, Ahmad BM5, Adeneye AA1,6, Cherima JY7
1Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
2Karaye Hospital, P.O.Box 1522, Sokoto, Nigeria.
3Sokoto Specialist hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
4Mayo Clinic and Maternity, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria.
5Women and Child Welfare Clinic, Sokoto, Nigeria.
6General Hospital, Tanghaza, Nigeria.
7General Hospital Wurno, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 July 2004
Abstract
The pattern of infection and in vivo response of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Chloroquine as first line drug and Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as second line medications was evaluated at nested sentinel points, including Government and Private Practices, for three consecutive months. 559 cases were evaluated of which 22.5% failed on Chloroquine therapy. The age range of P. falciparum malaria cases was 4 months to 48 years, with a mean and median age of 9.2 and 3 years, respectively. There were significantly more female patients than male. Also, ages 5 years and below accounted for 63.2% of cases and as a group had an increased risk of treatment failure with Chloroquine compared to older patients. In general, male patients also had a higher relative risk of treatment failure on Chloroquine. Patients treated in Government practices were more likely to fail than those treated in Private practices. All cases of failure to Chloroquine treatment responded to Quinine, Halofantrine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.
Key words: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Chloroquine, resistance.
Adeneye AA and Cherima JY, Bello SO*, Bello AY, Ukatu AI, Muhammad BY, Ahmad BM
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxicity studies in rats fed nature cure bitters
Stanley O. Aniagu1*, Florence C. Nwinyi1, David D. Akumka1, Gloria A. Ajoku2, Sunday Dzarma1, Kazeem S. Izebe2, Matthew Ditse3, Patrick E. C. Nwaneri4, Charles Wambebe1 and Karynius Gamaniel1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology;
2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology;
3Diagnostic Unit, NIPRD Staff Clinic; National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu
Industrial Area, P. M. B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
4Nwaneri Botanic Centre Ltd., 35 Zik’s Avenue, Uwani – Enugu, Nigeria.
Accepted 5 October, 2004
Abstract
Graded doses of Nature Cure Bitters (NCB) were administered daily (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) to rats for 28 days and the effects on body weight, organ weight, clinical signs, gross pathology, haematology, histology and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. The relative weights of the heart, liver and testes of treated rats were unaffected in contrast to a significant increase in the relative weights of the lungs, kidneys and spleen. The packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced whereas total leucocyte counts and glucose levels were remarkably increased. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase occurred in all the groups but alanine aminotransferase and albumin levels were significantly elevated. NCB elicited hypo-cholesterolaemic effects in addition to lowering urea, uric acid, BUN and total protein concentrations. Histological findings did not reveal any treatment-related effects. The calculated therapeutic index was >37.5. These preliminary results suggest that NCB was not likely to produce severe toxicological effects on organ weights, haematological and biochemical indices when given at normal therapeutic doses.
Key words: Nature Cure Bitters, organ weight; pathology, haematology; serum biochemistry.
Sunday Dzarma, Kazeem S. Izebe, Matthew Ditse, Stanley O. Aniagu*, Patrick E. C. Nwaneri, Charles Wambebe and Karynius Gamaniel, Gloria A. Ajoku, Florence C. Nwinyi, David D. Akumka
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Induction of callus and somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth
Amoo, Stephen Oluwaseun* and Ayisire, Benjamin Erhinmeyoma
Department of Botany Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Accepted 26 September, 2004
Abstract
To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Parkia biglobosa, an endangered multipurpose woody angiosperm, cotyledon explants obtained from 7-day old aseptically germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.4-1.0 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Cotyledon explants were placed either with the abaxial surface facing up or down on the media. Induced calli were subcultured on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with different concentrations (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L) of 2,4-D. Unlike in NAA, successful calli induction was observed in all concentrations of 2,4-D investigated. Callus production was only at the cut edges and on the abaxial surface of the explants. Induced calli turned friable, more nodular and with small protuberances on media containing 0.8 mg/L Kinetin combined with either 0.2 mg/L or 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. The protuberances eventually developed into somatic embryos in an auxin-free suspension culture medium. The developed protocol established the potential to produce plantlets from cotyledon explants through somatic embryogenesis. It also offers itself as a highly efficient method for mass clonal propagation and conservation of P. biglobosa.
Key words: Parkia biglobosa, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, cotyledon explants.
Stephen Oluwaseun* and Ayisire, Amoo , Benjamin Erhinmeyoma
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recovery of herbicide-resistant Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Wild.), Ohwi & Ohashi] plants via Agrobacterium- mediated transformation
Mutasim M. Khalafalla1,2*, Hany A. El-Shemy1,3, Rahman S. Mizanur1, Masayoshi Teraishi1, Masayoshi Teraishi1, Masao Ishimoto1
1National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan.
2Current address: Commission of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
3Current address: Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
Accepted 15 November, 2004
Abstract
Transgenic azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] plants expressing the hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt), green fluorescent protein (sgfp) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes were obtained by Agrobacterium- tumefacients - mediated transformation. A total of 210 epicotyl explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring the binary plasmid pZHBG on MS co-cultivation medium supplemented with 100 mM acetosyringone and 10 mg/l of BA. Following selection on MS medium with 15 mg/l of hygromycin, the regenerated adventitious shoots that formed on the induced calli were further screened for sgfp expression before transferred to rooting medium. 31 transgenic plants were obtained with transformation frequency of 14%. The presence of transgenes in transformed azuki bean plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern blot analysis. Transcription of the bar and hpt genes was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. sgfp- positive transgenic plants exhibited functional expression of the bar gene as determined by assaying for resistance to bialaphos applied directly to leaves. This result demonstrates the feasibility of introducing potentially useful agronomic traits into azuki bean through genetic engineering.
Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, bar gene, bialaphos, transgenic, Vigna angulazris.
Masayoshi Teraishi and Masao Ishimoto, Rahman S. Mizanur, Hany A. El-Shemy, Mutasim M. Khalafalla*, Masayoshi Teraishi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2005
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2005 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nodulation and growth response of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. to increasing nitrogen (ammonium) supply under glasshouse conditions
S.A. Indieka and D.W. Odee*
Biotechnology Laboratory, Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P.O. Box 20412-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 15 November, 2004
Abstract
A glasshouse experiment was carried out to study the effect of ammonium -N on the nodulation, growth and N-uptake of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. inoculated with an effective Mesorhizobium (S. sesban) strain. Ammonium-N was supplied twice weekly as 100 ml of nutrient solution at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg N/l. The seedlings were grown in pots with sterilized sand substrate and assessed at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). Nitrogen supply significantly improved nodulation (number of nodules and nodule dry weight/plant) with treatment 100 mg N/l compared with 0 mg N/l at 5 and 7 WAP, thus indicating synergism for the N2-fixation symbiosis. However, with treatments ³ 200 mg N/l nodulation was either depressed or inhibited. Seedlings treated with 100-400 mg N/l generally exhibited better growth (shoot and root dry weight/plant) and N-uptake than the other treatments (0, 600 and 800 mg N/l). This study has demonstrated that S. sesban seedlings are tolerant to relatively high levels of N, and that treatment with 100 mg N/l (20 mg N per week) is necessary to stimulate an early and effective N2-fixing symbiosis.
Key words: Ammonium, improved fallow, Mesorhizobium, N2-fixation, nodulation, Sesbania sesban.
D.W. Odee*, S.A. Indieka
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