ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-008, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification and characterization of the α-amylase isolated from PENICILLIUM CAMEMBERTI PL21
Tahar Nouadri*, Zahia Meraihi, Djekrif-Dakhmouche Shahrazed and Bennamoun Leila
Research Laboratory in Enzymatic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Mentouri- University, Constantine- Algeria.
Accepted 11 June, 2018
Abstract
The amylase family of enzymes is a great significance due to its wide area of potential application. α-amylase from PENICILLIUM CAMEMBERTI PL21 obtained from I. N. A. (The Technological Laboratory of Agriculture National Institute Paris- France) and using orange waste as substrates was produced under optimum conditions, after 168 h of incubation and subjected for purification and characterization. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. A trial for the purification of α-amylase resulted in an enzyme with specific activity of (154.2 units/ml/mg protein) with (38.5 folds) purification .The α-amylase activity increased by enzyme concentration rise. The optimum substrate concentration for soluble starch was 1 % (w/v) while the optimum incubation temperature was 30ºC. The purified α-amylase enzyme had a maximum activity at pH 6 and the Km value for soluble starch was 0.92 mg/ml. Analyses of this enzyme for molecular mass was carried out by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, which revealed one band 60.5 Kda.
Key words: Penicillium camemberti PL21, α-amylase, purification, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.
Tahar Nouadri*, Zahia Meraihi, Djekrif-Dakhmouche Shahrazed and Bennamoun Leila
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The distribution of cyanide detoxifying enzymes in different species of the family Cichlidae
Okonji Raphael Emuebie1*, Popoola Michael Olaoluwa2, Kuku Adenike1 and Aladesanmi Omolara Titilayo1
1Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
2Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 June, 2018
Abstract
The cyanide metabolising enzymes (rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase) were estimated in different tissues of three species of tilapia (Tilapia zilli, Sarotherodon galileus, and Oreochromis niloticus) from two locations (Aiba and Osinmo reservoirs, both in the South-Western region of Nigeria). The enzyme activities were carried out by measuring the amount of thiocyanate produced by the two enzymes using specific substrates in each case. There was no significant difference in the activity of rhodanese in the tissues of the tilapia species from Aiba River. Mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3-MST) presented a different pattern of distribution with significant difference in the gut of the tilapia species. The study showed the activities of two cyanide detoxifying enzymes (rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase) in the different tilapia species indicating the presence of strong cyanide detoxifying mechanisms.
Key words: Rhodanese, mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase, cyanide, tilapia, detoxification.
Kuku Adenike and Aladesanmi Omolara Titilayo, Popoola Michael Olaoluwa, Okonji Raphael Emuebie*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-008, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds of cinnamon and ginger essential oils
G. S. El-Baroty1, H. H. Abd El-Baky1, R. S. Farag2 and M. A. Saleh3
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
3Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA.
Accepted 06 May, 2018
Abstract
Essential oils obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) were characterized by analytical TLC and GC/MS, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds were detected by TLC-bio-autography assays. Essential oil of cinnamon bark (CEO) was found to be a unique aromatic monoterpene-rich natural source, with trans-cinnamaldehyde (45.62%) as the major constituents. Ginger oil (GEO) was characterized by high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including β-sesquiphellandrene (27.16%), caryophyllene (15.29%), zingiberene (13.97%), α-farnesene (10.52%) and ar-curcumin (6.62%). CEO and GEO oils showed significant inhibitory activity against selected strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungi, with MIC values ranging from 20 to 120 µg/ml depending upon the microbial species. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) and eugenol in cinnamon bark oil and β-sesquiphellandrene, caryophyllene and zingiberene in ginger rhizome oil were identified as the most active antibacterial components, with the aid of bioautography on TLC and GC-MS. Also, both oil exhibited appreciable in vitro antioxidant activity as assessed by 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching methods, compared to α-tocopherol, BHT and BHA. Guided isolation through TLC-autography using 0.05% DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid as a detection reagent led to identified CA and eugenol as main active antioxidant compounds in CEO. The significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of both oils suggest that it could serve as a source of compounds with preservative phenomenon.
Key words: Antimicrobial, bioautographic assay, antioxidant, essential oils, ginger, cinnamon.
H. H. Abd El-Baky, G. S. El-Baroty, R. S. Farag and M. A. Saleh
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Malate dehydrogenase from blood stream TRYPANOSOMA VIVAX exists in isoenzyme forms
A. U. Wurochekke1*, A. J. Nok2, H. M. Inuwa2 and C. E. Gimba3
1Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
2Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
3Chemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 May, 2018
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase was isolated and partially purified from blood stream TRYPANOSOMA VIVAX. The enzyme exists in isoenzyme forms (MDH1 and MDH2). The relative molecular weights of MDH1 and MDH2 determined by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 61 and 63 kdal. respectively. MDH2 lost activity immediately after purification. It has purification fold of 15 and percentage recovery of 31%. Similarly, MDH1 was purified 21 fold from the crude with 54% recovery. This isoenzyme was considerably stable. There was no MDH activity when the live parasites were incubated with the assay medium suggesting that the enzyme was not secreted by parasites. However, addition of detergent led to a surge in MDH activity suggesting that the enzyme is membrane bound. Malate dehydrogenase from the infective form of T. VIVAX has a stable and non – stable isoforms.
Key words: Malate dehydrogenase, isoenzyme, parasites, Trypanosoma vivax.
A. U. Wurochekke*, A. J. Nok, H. M. Inuwa and C. E. Gimba
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the lipid profile and some enzyme activities in female Wistar rats
Gloria A. Otunola*, Oyelola B. Oloyede, Adenike T. Oladiji and Anthony A. Afolayan
Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, IIorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 May, 2018
Abstract
The effects of a high dietary soybean oil and cholesterol on serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and triglycerides were investigated. Total protein, albumin, glucose, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities were also investigated in weanling female Wistar rats for eight weeks. Two groups of weanling Wistar rats were use in this study. The first group of rats were fed with a control diet made up of the normal rat chow (C), while the second group was given a hypercholesterolemic diet (HPC) enriched with 25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol for eight weeks. The dietary intake of the HPC diet significantly increased the level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides in the serum of animals fed the (HPC) diet. GGT, AST and ALT activities were also markedly elevated in rats fed with the HPC diet. While total protein and glucose level of the animals fed with the HPC diet was remarkably reduced, there was no significant difference in the HDL-C and albumin contents of both groups. This study established that hypercholesterolemia is induced by high soybean oil/cholesterol diet, despite the fact that soybean oil has high content of poly unsaturated fatty acids. Also, the HPC diet led to weight loss in the rats and injury to both heart and liver of the rats.
Key words: Diet-induced, injury, lipid profile, enzyme activities, hypercholesterolemia, soybean oil, cholesterol.
Gloria A. Otunola*, Adenike T. Oladiji and Anthony A. Afolayan, Oyelola B. Oloyede
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo
P. Praveen Kumar1*, S. Kumaravel1 and C. Lalitha2
1Food Testing Laboratory, Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur-613 005. Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Biochemistry, Dhanalkshmi Srinivasan Arts and Science College for Women, Perambalur-621212, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 11 June, 2018
Abstract
The present study was carried out for identification of the phytochemicals present in the Vitex negundo leaves and also evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the leaf extract. Total phenols was carried out by Folin Ciocalteu method and the phenolic content was 27.72 mg/100 of gallic acid equivalent (GE). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method and the leaves of V. negundo showed 23.21 mg/100 of Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (AEAC). The GC-MS study also carried out and it showed the presence of phytochemicals like 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-(RT:6.17), Phytol (RT:19.67) and Vitamin E (RT:25.11).
Key words: Total Phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, DPPH, GC-MS.
P. Praveen Kumar*, S. Kumaravel and C. Lalitha
Page: 1 - 5