ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Intergeneric protoplast fusion of yeast for high ethanol production from cheese industry waste – Whey
Krishnamoorthy, R. Narayanan*, K. Vijila and K. Kumutha
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Pin: 641 003.
Accepted 3 March, 2010
Abstract
In this study, Intergeneric protoplast fusion of the yeast cultures Viz., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus was carried out for enhancing production to ethanol temperature tolerance and lactose utilizing characters in a single stain. S. cerevisiae (Parent 1) has ethanol tolerance, whereas, K. marxianus (Parent 2) is temperature tolerant and also has lactose utilizing capacity. Twelve fused cultures were obtained by protoplast fusion. Fused cultures recorded higher DNA content than the parent strains, which showed complementary banding pattern of two parental Strains. SDS-PAGE confirms the presence of HSP 70 in the fused culture, which is responsible for temperature tolerance. Fermentation of cheese whey was carried out with two parental and fused cultures. The results revealed that the ethanol production was higher with fused culture (12.5%, with 18.09 g/l of biomass) after 72 h of fermentation. Parent 1 showed poor growth on the cheese whey medium, but growth of the Parent 2 was inhibited when the ethanol production reached 6%.
Key words: Marker selection, protoplast fusion, RAPD, SDS-PAGE, whey.
R. Narayanan*, Krishnamoorthy , K. Vijila and K. Kumutha
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Utilization of experimental design and surface response methodology to study the influence of glucose and ammonium sulphate in the chlamydosporulation of Candida albicans FMT123-05
João Vicente Braga de Souza1*, Carolina Talhari2, Dieter Reinel3 and Sinésio Talhari2
1Department of Mycology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Amazonas, Brazil.
2Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Amazonas, Brazil.
3Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
Accepted 07 January, 2010
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of glucose and ammonium sulphate in the chlamydosporulation of Candida albicans FMT123-05. Different media were produced and inoculated with C. albicans FMT123- 05. The glucose and ammonium sulphate content were defined using an experimental design (22 + star). Glucose content inhibits C. albicans chlamydosporulation two times more than ammonium sulphate. The mathematical model and the surface response demonstrated that the total absence of carbon and nitrogen sources was the best condition for chlamydosporulation of C. albicans 123-05 in the experimental conditions.
Key words: Chlamydosporulation, glucose, ammonium sulphate, experimental design.
Dieter Reinel and Sinésio Talhari, Carolina Talhari, João Vicente Braga de Souza*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of culture media on growth, colony character and sporulation of fungi isolated from decaying vegetable wastes
G. Sharma and R. R. Pandey*
Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003, India.
Accepted 30 April, 2010
Abstract
The mycelial growth rate, colony character and sporulation pattern of ten fungal isolates, grown on three different culture media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Czapek’s Dox + Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) and Lignocellulose Agar (LCA) were observed after seven days of incubation at 25±1°C. The colony diameter, culture characteristics (texture, surface and reverse colouration, zonation) and sporulation of selected test fungi were greatly influenced by the type of growth medium used. LCA exhibited comparatively higher mycelial growth in six test fungi, whereas all the ten isolates revealed heavy sporulation on this culture medium. Penicillium sp. and Acremonium kiliense exhibited maximum colony growth on PDA, while Chaetomium funicola and Fusarium oxysporum showed highest growth on CYA medium. These results will be useful for fungal taxonomic studies.
Key words: Mycelial growth, colony character, sporulation, culture media.
ey* , R. R. P, G. Sharma
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Heat resistance of genus Byssochlamys isolated from bottled raphia palm wine
E. I. Eziashi*, I. B. Omamor, C. E. Airede, C. V. Udozen and N. Chidi
Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 March, 2010
Abstract
Bottled raphia palm wine was cultured in a laboratory medium amended with 0.5% acetic acid (pH 4.8). Two cultures of identified heat resistant yeast (HRY) and one unidentified yeast species were isolated. Cultures of the isolates grown on potato dextrose agar for 10 days at 26°C, survived pasteurization temperature at 80°C for 20 min and 85°C for 15 min. Of these HRY identified were Byssochlamys nivea, Byssochlamys zollerniae and one unidentified yeast species. To determine the source of contamination, fresh un-pasteurized Raphia palm wine was cultured. Result revealed that, colonies of the three HRY were higher compared with the pasteurized Raphia palm wine. Frequencies of occurrence at 80°C, 85°C and in un-pasterurized raphia palm wine were B. nivea 15.2, 6.1 and 24.2%; B. zollerniae 6.1, 3.0 and 12% and yeast species 9.1, 6.1 and 18.2% respectively. The thermal destruction time were B. nivea 90°C for 15 min, B. zollerniae 90°C for 5 min and yeast species 90°C for 10 min. The result indicates they are acid tolerant and thermophilic yeasts with B. nivea having the highest frequency of occurrence.
Key words: Culture, pasteurization, spoilage, identification, thermophilic.
E. I. Eziashi*, C. E. Airede, I. B. Omamor, C. V. Udozen and N. Chidi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Suppression of Fusarium spp. in a maize and beans intercrop by soil fertility management
Sheila Okoth* and Elizabeth Siameto
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 07 January, 2010
Abstract
Fusarium root rot of maize and beans is a common problem in Taita District, Kenya causing reduction in yields to the small scale farmers. The pathogen attacks maize and beans at all growth stages and causing rot at the seedling stage, yellowing of the leaves, stunted growth and death if severe. Potentially effective crop rotations to maintain the pathogen at low levels are not currently acceptable in this region due to the small size of farms and prices of fungicides which are out of reach to the small scale farmer. This study is aimed at assessing alternatives to the use of fungicides in controlling root infection by Fusarium spp in maize and beans. Field trials were done in Taita District where agriculture contributes to 95% of household income with very little or no fertility inputs in farms. The following were tested in the trial: three kinds of fertilizers, cow manure and Trichoderma seed coating. Planting was done during the long and short rains. Soil and roots were collected from the rhizosphere during harvesting and assessed for inoculum density, while the roots were evaluated for incidence of infection by Fusarium spp. The most common species in both soil and roots were Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) Snyd. et Hans. and Fusarium sporotrichoides Sherb. Addition of soil amendments had a positive effect of reducing root infection and in some cases lowering inoculum density in the soil. Of the four fertilizers tested, Mavuno had the highest yield and was the most effective in suppressing root colonisation by Fusarium spp.
Key words: Fusarium spp, root infection, fertilizers, Trichoderma, soil amendments.
Elizabeth Siameto, Sheila Okoth*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antifungal properties of essential oils and some constituents to reduce foodborne pathogen
Yaouba Aoudou1, Tatsadjieu Ngouné Léopold2*, Jazet Dongmo Pierre Michel1,3, Etoa François Xavier4 and Mbofung Carl Moses1
1Department of food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
2Laboratory of Microbiology, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
3Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
4Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.
Accepted 15 April, 2010
Abstract
Investigations were conducted to evaluate the antifungal activities of the essential oils of Lippia rugosa, Plectranthus glandulosus, Clausena anisata and Vepris heterophylla and some essential oils compounds as citral, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, fenchone, linalool, 1,8 cineol, nerolidol, terpen 4-ol and -terpinolene on mycelia growth of different strains of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genus, common fungi causing spoilage of stored food product. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate fungal growth inhibition at various concentrations. The strains of fungi exhibited similar susceptibilities (90 mm) to the action of L. rugosa essential oil and different susceptibilities (34 - 90 mm) to P. glandulosus, 0 to 44 mm to C. anisata and 0 to 30 mm to V. heterophylla essential oils. These inhibition halos varied from 0 to 84 mm according to each compound activity. The mycelial growth of fungal species tested was totally inhibited by MIC values ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg/ml for L. rugosa, 0.8 to 2 mg/ml for P. glandulosus and 0.5 to 1.2 mg/ml for citral, geraniol, nerol and citronellol which are the more active among the ten components tested. Results obtained indicate the possibility of exploiting L. rugosa, P. glandulosus essential oils and citral, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol to fight these strains responsible for biodeterioration of stored food.
Key words: Sanitizing agents, essential oils, antifungal activity, essential oil constituents.
Tatsadjieu Ngouné Léopold*, Yaouba Aoudou, Etoa François Xavier and Mbofung Carl Moses, Jazet Dongmo Pierre Michel
Page: 1 - 10