ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Predominant lactic acid bacteria associated with the traditional malting of sorghum grains
H. Sawadogo-Lingani1*, B. Diawara1, R. K. Glover2, K. Tano-Debrah3, A. S. Traoré4 and M. Jakobsen5
1Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) / IRSAT / CNRST, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso.
2Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies P. O. Box 24, Navrongo, Ghana.
3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG134, Legon-Accra, Ghana.
4Université de Ouagadougou / UFR – SVT / CRSBAN, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7131, Burkina Faso.
5Department of Food Science Food Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark.
Accepted 5 November, 2015
Abstract
The traditional processes of sorghum grains malting were investigated in Tamale (Northern Ghana) from the raw materials through to the sun-dried malted sorghum including steeping and germination stages. Samples were taken at each processing stage and cultured for the isolation of LAB. The isolates were characterized by basic phenotyping, ITS-PCR / RFLP analysis and identified by partial sequencing of 16S r RNA genes. Their antimicrobial and amylolytic activities and exopolysaccharides production were also investigated. During steeping, the LAB counts in the steep water increased from 105 to 109 - 1010 cfu/ml and pH of the steep water decreased from 5.08 ± 0.22 to 4.20 ± 0.50. A total of 106 isolates were identified and the predominant isolates belonged to the species Lactobacillus fermentum (58.49%), Pediococcus acidilactici (22.64%), Weissella confusa (11.32%), Enteroccocus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaseus and Lactococcus lactis. Some isolates showed interesting antimicrobial activity (39.62%), slight amylolytic activity (37.73%) and ability to produce exopolysaccharides (90.5%). L. fermentum isolates dominated the microbiota from sorghum grains to malted sorghum. These isolates had technological properties comparable to those responsible for the acidification of sorghum beer (dolo, pito) wort produced from sorghum malt (previously studied), suggesting their potential for use as starter cultures. Suitable isolates of L. fermentum are promising candidates to be used as starter cultures from the initial step of malting, that is, the steeping and are expected to inhibit the growth and survival of pathogens and spoilage microflora, and to control the lactic fermentation of dolo and pito wort or other sorghum malt-based products like infant formulations.
Key words: Sorghum, sorghum malt, lactic acid bacteria, identification, technological properties.
A. S. Traoré and M. Jakobsen, R. K. Glover, B. Diawara, H. Sawadogo-Lingani* , K. Tano-Debrah
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Initial microbial colonization in the alimentary tract of a new – born baby in different modes of parturition
I. Joseph and A. J. A. Ranjit Singh*
Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tamilnadu, India, Pin - 627 412.
Accepted 26 October, 2015
Abstract
The intestinal microflora is a positive health asset that crucially influences the normal structural and functional development of the mucosal immune system. In the new born, the colonization of microbes in the alimentary system starts as soon as the womb comes out. A study on the early colonized bacterial species in a new - born will help to understand the immuno protective functions in the new-born. The initial colonization of bacterial population in the alimentary tract of a new-born baby varied according to the mode of child birth. In the alimentary tract of the normally delivered baby, beneficial probiotic microbial invasion in the intestinal region is high and such microbes are mostly from the mother. In a surgically (Caesarian) delivered baby, the alimentary tract receives mostly non beneficial microbes from the environment and hence such babies are susceptible to infection.
Key words: Lactobacillus, new-born, probiotic, immune system, nosocomial infection, Caesarian, normal child birth.
A. J. A. Ranjit Singh*, I. Joseph
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Nutritional factors affecting the antifungal activity of Penicillium steckii of mangrove origin
Jyotsnamayee Sabat and Nibha Gupta*
Microbiology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751 015 (Orissa) India.
Accepted 12 November, 2015
Abstract
A fungal strain namely, Penicillium steckii was obtained from saline environment of mangrove plant Avicennia marina and evaluated for antifungal activity in PDA against dieback pathogen of rose. Amendments at the level of different carbon and nitrogen source and their concentrations, inorganic and organic salts resultant into the development of new and modified medium of basal PDA under which our fungi exhibited enhanced level of antifungal activity. Achievement of this medium composition may be useful further in process development to elaborate the antagonistic active principle against plant pathogens.
Key words: Mangrove, avicennia, antifungal, penicillium, dieback, nutrient.
Nibha Gupta*, Jyotsnamayee Sabat
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens in southwestern Nigeria
B. O. Emikpe*, O. G. Ohore, M. Olujonwo and S. O. Akpavie
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 29 October, 2015
Abstract
A total of 672 sera from apparently healthy commercial and indigenous chickens of different ages were screened for antibodies to infectious bronchitis (IB) virus using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples obtained from breeder, layer, grower and indigenous chicken flocks in Oyo, Ogun, Ondo and Lagos states of southwestern Nigeria were screened. The total seroprevalence was 82.7% with ELISA units of 77.0 ± 8.0. Among the groups of birds, layers had the highest ELISA units of 80.0 ± 9.0, breeders had 73.0 ± 8.0 while indigenous chickens had 73.0 ± 7.0 ELISA units. These chickens, except the breeders, had no history of vaccination against infectious bronchitis. The higher prevalence observed in layers, growers and indigenous chickens may be due to field infection since maternal antibody was expected to have waned between three and four weeks of life. These findings indicate a high infectious bronchitis virus activity in southwestern Nigeria chickens hence there is an urgent need for the development of prevention and control policies against IB in Nigerian poultry farms and a national control programme for infectious bronchitis virus infection should be planned.
Key words: Chickens, infectious bronchitis virus, Nigeria, prevalence, southwest.
O. G. Ohore, M. Olujonwo and S. O. Akpavie, B. O. Emikpe*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacterial contamination of crockery and cutlery within the kiosks’ restaurants of the Federal University of Technology, Yola
Lynn Maori and Nandita De*
Department of Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences,
Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel:+2348053518540.
Accepted 21 December, 2015
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to determine bacteriological quality of crockery and cutlery of seven restaurants in Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY) kiosk. Samples (147) were collected and cultured in appropriate media and the bacterial isolates were identified according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The result revealed a profile of seven (7) different bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and the species of Shigella, Klebseilla and Bacillus. The total values of bacterial count (TBC per ml) of the samples were in the range of 1.1 x 104 - 3.0 x 105 for cups, 2.2 x 104 - 1.6 x 105 for forks, 1.0 x 104 - 3.3 x 105 for knives, 1.2 x 104 – 2 .5 x 105 for plates and 1.5 x 104 - 4.7 x 105 for spoons cfu/ml. So, it may be concluded that in order to prevent food-borne infection, food inspectors should monitor the hygienic status of the restaurants within FUTY kiosk.
Key words: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebseilla.
ita De*, Lynn Maori, N
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Extracellular leucine aminopeptidase produced by Aspergillus oryzae LL1 and LL2
Shie-Jea Lin, Li-Lin Chen, Chiou-Yen Wen and Wen-Shen Chu*
Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute Hsinchu, Taiwan 30099, Taiwan.
Accepted 17 December, 2015
Abstract
In a screen of 175 fungal strains, Aspergillus oryzae LL1 and LL2 were identified as having the highest extracellular leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. LAP activity was optimal when A. oryzae LL1 was subjected to submerged fermentation with an inoculum size of 105 spores per ml and an agitation of 100 rpm at 30°C in media containing defatted soybean and rice husk with a pH of 4.5 for 72 h. Partial characterization of A. oryzae LL1 LAP revealed that it could be greatly inhibited by 2 mmol L-1 of Pb2+, Cu2+, or Fe2+. In contrast, 2 mmol L-1 Zn2+ stimulated LAP activity about one-fold compared to adding 30 mmol L-1 zinc increased DH to 33.3% for LAP LL1 during a piolot plant scale experiment hydrolysis of chopped chicken breast meat (Lin et al., 2008; Eur Food Res. Technol., 2008) . To determine the stability of A. oryzae LL1 LAP, the samples were stored at -80, -20, 4 and 25°C for eight weeks with residual activities being reduced to 84, 72, 61 and 58%, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that A. oryzae, LL1 LAP has tremendous potential for use in the food industry.
Key words: leucine aminopeptidase, Aspergillus oryzae, culture conditions, fermentation, Zn2+.
Li-Lin Chen, Shie-Jea Lin, Chiou-Yen Wen and Wen-Shen Chu*
Page: 1 - 10