ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756, Vol. 16 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in Golestan province-north of Iran
Hamid Vaez, Alijan Tabaraei, Abdolvahab Moradi and Ezzat A. Ghaemi*
Department of Microbiology, School of medicine, Infectious diseases research centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
Accepted 17 January, 2022
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a main cause of nosocomial infections with consequence of increasing hospitalization, costs of treatment and rate of mortality. This study was aimed to demonstrate distribution of MRSA strains and their antibiotic resistance pattern. In this descriptive study, 185 clinical isolates of S. aureus that were collected from different infections during September 2008 to 2009 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and micro dilution broth. All the MRSA and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance pattern by disk diffusion method with 14 different antibiotics. Data were entered in SPSS software version 16 and analyzed by chi-square test. P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Of 185 tested S. aureus, 67(36.2%) strains were MRSA, which demonstrated 100% resistance to Penicillin, Ampicillin and CO-Amoxyclav and -80, 96.2 and 75% resistance to Cephotaxime, Nalidixic Acid and erythromycin, respectively. All S. aureus isolates was sensitive to vancomycin. All isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >8 µg/ml were mecA positive. MRSA is spreading worldwide with increasing levels of resistance, and accurate and early detection of these strains is encouraged.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, minimum inhibitory concentration, mecA
Hamid Vaez, Alijan Tabaraei, Abdolvahab Moradi and Ezzat A. Ghaemi*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of various biological wastewater treatment processes
AYANDA Olushola Sunday* and AKINSOJI Olatunbosun Seun
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Accepted 22 November, 2020
Abstract
Nitrification is an important biological process in nitrogen cycling and has a significant effect on effluent quality in wastewater treatment. Nitrification occurs in two steps by two types of chemoautotrophic bacteria, the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The ammonia oxidizing bacteria is responsible for the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite and is often the rate-limiting step in nitrification in wastewater treatment plants. Hence, a better understanding of the ecology, microbiology and chemistry of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in biological wastewater treatment systems is necessary in order to enhance treatment performance and control. A detailed review of various biological wastewater treatment processes, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea; economic importance, problems, various molecular techniques for the investigation of the diversity and community structure, as well as the isolation of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were discussed.
Key words: Wastewater, activated sludge process, nitrification, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, ammonia oxidizing archaea, nitrite oxidizing bacteria, PCR primers.
AKINSOJI Olatunbosun Seun, AYANDA Olushola Sunday*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of the H9N2 virus spreading in various organs of the infected SPF chickens at different days after inoculation
Somayeh Asadzadeh Manjili1, Iradj sohrabi Haghdoost1, Pejman Mortazavi1, Hamid Habibi2, Hadi lashini3 and Esmaeil Saberfar3*
¹Department of veterinary pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran.
²Department of Veterinary, Saveh, Markazi Province, Iran.
3Research Center for applied virology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran.
Accepted 10 September, 2020
Abstract
H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AVI) infection is a major cause of economic losses in poultry industry. Therefore further study to explain the virus pathogenesis is necessary. In this study tissue tropism and dissemination of A/chicken/Iran/11T/99(H9N2) virus in various organs of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were investigated. Fifty 2-week-old chickens hatched from SPF eggs were divided randomly into two groups. Forty chicks in the experimental and ten chicks in the control group. Experimental chicks were inoculated intranasally-intraorally with the virus. Samples of lung, trachea, pancreas, thymus, spleen, brain, bursa of fabricius, proventriclus, cloaca and kidney were aseptically collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 day post inoculation (DPI). A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed for virus detection. Viral RNA was detected in the respiratory system on days 3, 5 and 7 PI. The virus was also found in the kidney on days 3,5,7,9 PI and in the pancreas on days 3 and 5 PI. Viral RNA was observed only on day 5 PI in cloaca. The virus was not detected in the blood, brain and immune system. The virus was not found from any organs on day 10 PI. These results suggest that H9N2 AIV has tropism for respiratory, digestive and urinary system following intranasal/intraoral inoculation.
Key words: Avian influenza, H9N2, SPF, RT-PCR.
Pejman Mortazavi, Somayeh Asadzadeh Manjili, Iradj sohrabi Haghdoost, Hadi lashini and Esmaeil Saberfar*, Hamid Habibi
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of the ahyI gene affected biofilm formation, motility, extracellular virulence and the pathogenicity in a fish model of infection
Weihua Chu1*, Yan Jiang2, Liu Yongwang3 and Wei Zhu1
1Department of microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210009.
2Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Buearu, Nanjing P. R. China, 210001.
3College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 210095.
Accepted 18 November, 2020
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen that causes disease in a wide range of homeothermic and poikilothermic hosts due to its multifactorial virulence. The production of many of these virulence determinants is associated with high cell density, a phenomenon that might be regulated by quorum sensing. The quorum sensing system regulates the expression of several virulence factors in a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria. To investigate the pathogenic role of quorum sensing system in A. hydrophila, We constructed an ahyI mutant strain of a fish-clinical isolate YJ-1, named YJ-1∆AhyI. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ahyI mutant strain exhibited a significant decrease of total extracellular virulent activity, and decreased in biofilm formation, intraperitoneal LD50 of YJ-1∆AhyI were more than 109 CFU, about 104 times higher than the parent strain. These results suggest that A. hydrophila is able to regulate its extracellular virulent factors and biofilm formation by quorum sensing systems, and indicate that disruption of quorum sensing could be a good alternative strategy to combat infections caused by A. hydrophila.
Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, quorum sensing, biofilm, virulence factors.
Liu Yongwang and Wei Zhu, Yan Jiang, Weihua Chu*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification of a potent antiviral terpenes and coumarins from Tunisian caprifig latex, Jrani variety
Houda LAZREG AREF1*, Mahjoub AOUNI2, Jean Pierre CHAUMON3, Khaled SAID1 and Abdelwaheb FEKIH4
1Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio ressources (UR 03ES09), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
2Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
3Laboratoire de Botanique et cryptogamie, Faculté de Pharmacie Besançon 25000 cedex, France.
4Laboratoire de Chimie, 03/UR/1202, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
Accepted 19 November, 2020
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for new antiviral agents from Tunisian Jrani caprifig latex (Ficus carica L., Moraceae). Terpenes and coumarins were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in hexane and hexane ethyl-acetate (1:1, v/v) extracts, and used in experiments to test their influence on a series of viruses, namely Herpes simplex (HSV-1), Adenovirus (ADV) and Echovirus type 11 (ECV-11). To evaluate the capacity of the extracts inhibition of viruses replication cycles by preventing their adsorption and their penetrations in the cells (by interaction with the cellular receivers designed for these viruses) or by inhibition of their intracellular replication or by virus inhibition after a direct contact under microscopic observation of cytopathic effect (CPE). Extracts inhibited virus multiplication in tested techniques at the concentrations of 19.5 and 39 µg/ml, respectively. All extracts had no cytotoxic effect on Vero cells at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, some compounds of Jrani latex which possess antiviral activities may be due to the high level of Triterpens. Their mode of action against the tested viruses was found to be at all stages of multiplication, suggesting the potential use of this compound for treatment of the infection caused by these viruses.
Key words: Ficus carica, caprifig, latex, HSV-1, HSV-2, ECV-11, ADV, coumarins, terpens.
Jean Pierre CHAUMON, Mahjoub AOUNI, Houda LAZREG AREF*, Khaled SAID and Abdelwaheb FEKIH
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Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Gamma irradiation mediated agriculture
Issa. Piri1, Mehdi. Babayan2*, Abolfazl. Tavassoli2 and Mehdi. Javaheri2
1Departmant of Agriculture, Payame noor University, PO Box 19395-4697, IR. Of Iran.
2Department of Agriculture, Esfarayen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfarayen, Iran.
Accepted 09 November, 2020
Abstract
Lately, radiation technology is widely used to produce changes in the product characteristics leading to the development of new products. Gamma irradiation is capable of hydrolyzing chemical bonds, thereby cleaving large molecules of starch into smaller fragments of dextrin that may be either electrically charged or uncharged as free radicals. These changes may affect the physical and rheological properties of irradiated foods, resulting in increased solubility of starch, decreased swelling power, and decreased viscosity of starch paste. Irradiation of gamma rays on bud wood can produce higher frequencies of mutation, leading to the creation of new variants compared to the control. Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) content are relatively stable against irradiation doses up to 10 kGy, on the other hand, gamma irradiation affects proteins by causing conformational changes, oxidation of amino acids, rupturing of covalent bonds and formation of protein free radicals. Radiation mediated morphological, structural and functional changes in a plant are governed by the intensity and duration of the gamma irradiation.
Key words: Irradiation, Foods sterilized, Mutation, Biochemical change, Agriculture.
Issa. Piri, Abolfazl. Tavassoli and Mehdi. Javaheri, Mehdi. Babayan*
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