ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular study for detection of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Iranian cats
Farzad Shahrani1,2, Abbas Doosti1,2* and Asghar Arshi2
1Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Young Researchers Club, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects cats. This infectious disease is a form of cancer of blood cells called lymphocytes. FeLV occurs in nature not as a single genomic species but as a family of closely related viruses. The aim of present study was to detect FeLV in Iranian domestic cats Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifty six blood samples were tested for FeLV using molecular techniques and out of 56 samples overall frequency of FeLV infection was 2.2%. The results showed that FeLV is a specific infection and the other common feline infectious pathogens and FeLV seem to be endemic in Iranian cats Vaccination and testing programs have proven to be effective in decreasing FeLV infection in Iran and may potentially totally eliminate it at least in other countries.
Key words: Feline leukemia virus, PCR, Iranian domestic cats.
Abbas Doosti* and Asghar Arshi, Farzad Shahrani
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid detection of Salmonella species using an improved gel-based DNA microarray method
Xuhong Ye1,2,3, Yiming Wang1,2 and Xiangui Lin1,2*
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71 Nanjing 210008, PR China.
2Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hongkong Baptist University and Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Salmonella, widely distributed in nature, is a great human and animal health hazard of a class of pathogens. Culture-based methods may require many days to detect Salmonella. Traditional microbiology could advantageously be replaced by DNA microarray technology. We described an improved 3-D polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray assay based on gyrB gene (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) sequences that can be used for the identification of Salmonella species. Primers specific for a gyrB gene region common to all 13 samples were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of purified DNA. An oligonucleotide probe for specific gyrB gene regions was developed for the identification of 7 Salmonella species. Acrylamide-modified oligonucleotides solutions containing acrylamide monomer, glycerol, APS and probe were prepared at the desired concentration. The solutions were spotted on the modified glass slide by ink jet using a microarrayer and then the slide was transferred to a vacuum chamber with TEMED, after that the slide was used for hybridization with fluorescently labeled ssDNA derived from amplified sample DNA to yield a pattern of positive spots. This microarray produced unique hybridization patterns for species of Salmonella and could differentiate closely related bacterial species. The sample preparation and microarray method used in this study increased sensitivity and reduces time-to-result for detection of Salmonella. The described method allowed microarray monitoring for Salmonella contamination of food and manure for aquaculture.
Key words: Salmonella, gyrB gene, PCR, DNA microarray, TEMED.
Yiming Wang and Xiangui Lin*, Xuhong Ye
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Determination of insecticidal toxicity of three species of entomopathogenic spore -forming bacterial isolates against Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
N. Du Rand and M. D. Laing
Department of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Bioassays were conducted using larvae of mealworms, Tenebrio molitor, to determine lethal concentration for five entomopathogenic strains of spore-forming bacteria. Lethal concentration was determined by feeding T. molitor larvae cabbage discs dipped in whole cell cultures of these five strains of bacteria. The strains of bacteria were isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Brevibacillus laterosporus. An isolate of B. cereus required the highest concentration of viable spores (8.531 x 107 spores ml-1) to achieve its LC50, whereas an isolate of B. laterosporus required the lowest concentration of viable spores (3.388 x 106 spores ml-1) to achieve LC50.
Key words: Mealworms, spore-forming bacteria, bioassays.
N. Du R, M. D. Laing,
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
First report on Enterobacter sakazakii from Sudanese patients
Humodi A. Saeed¹* and Rania M. Musallam²
Department of Microbiology, College of Medical laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Arbab El Agaid Street, P. O. Box 407 Khartoum, Sudan.
Accepted 12 March, 2019
Abstract
Enterobacter sakazakii (E. sakazakii) has been identified as emerging opportunistic pathogens that can cause enterocolitis, bacteraemia, meningitis, brain abscess, and urinary tract infection. They have been particularly associated with meningitis in neonates where infant milk formulae have been epidemiologically linked to the disease. This study was carried out during the period of November 2008 to March 2009; to determine the occurrence of E. sakazakii in clinical specimens and its resistance to traditionally used antimicrobial agents in the Sudan. A total of 389 (311 urine specimens, 11 wound specimens, and 67 stool specimens) were collected from outpatients of three leading hospitals in Khartoum State. The urine specimens and wound swabs were cultured on blood and MacConkey's agars for primary isolation of pathogen, while stool specimens were cultured on selenite F broth and incubated overnight then subcultured on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Identification of the E. sakazakii was done by colonial morphology, Grams stain and biochemical tests using API 20E. Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was adopted to determine the resistance rate of E. sakazakii to fifteen antimicrobial agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial agents was determined by E-test. The result showed that out of 389 specimens examined, 6 (1.5%) E. sakazakii were recovered, 4 (1.03%) from urine, 1(0.3%) from wound and 1(0.3%) from stool. The results more over revealed that the antimicrobial resistance of E. sakazakii was as follows; ceftazidime, amoxicillin, amoxyclav (100% each), co-trimoxazole, ticarcyline (83.3% each), chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, nitrofuratoin, cephotaxime, tobramycin (66.7% each), ciprofloxacin, amikacin and nalidixic acid (16.7% each). None of the isolates were found to be resistant to gentamicin. In addition to that, the result indicated that the MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 of different antimicrobial agents range from 0.001 to > 240, 0.1 to > 240 and 0.5 to > 240 µg/ml respectively. The results indicated for the first time the presence of E. sakazakii in the examined clinical specimens in Sudan. The occurrence was high and the antimicrobial resistance of the isolated E. sakazakii was also high.
Key words: Enterobacter sakazakii, API 20E, E-Test, Khartoum, Sudan.
Rania M. Musallam, Humodi A. Saeed*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of multiple resistance and role of extended spectrum -lactamases in environmental Pseudomonas isolates
Chikwendu C. I.1*, S. N. Ibe2 and G. C. Okpokwasili2
1Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigreia.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigreia.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
The activity of 13 antimicrobials was studied, to determine multiple antimicrobial resistances, against 208 Pseudomonas strains (125 Pseudomonas sp and 83 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from river and aquaculture samples. Isolates were confirmed with API 20 NE. Isolates from both sources reported high resistance rates for similar antibiotics. These were: Ampicillin (100, 100%), cefuroxime (96.8, 81.9%), streptomycin (93.6, 78.6%), cefotaxime (93.6, 77.1%), for river water and aquaculture samples respectively. While resistances were high for ofloxacin, norfloxacine, mezlocillin, ceftazidime, kanamycin and enrofloxacine (70 to 85.5%) among the river water isolates, they were moderate among the aquaculture isolates (50 to 69.4%). Ninety seven (97.2%) percent of isolates from river water and 78.9% from aquaculture were resistant to at least three or more antimicrobials and were termed multi-resistant. Results of plasmid profiling showed the presence of multiple plasmids ranging in size between 639 and 11845 bp. Preliminary tests for -lactamase detection by double-disk approximation were positive with high resistances to imipenem, aztreonam, cefpodoxime and cefotaxime. PCR of amplified genomic DNA was positive for the detection of blaSHV and blaTEM -lactamase genes. However, up to 50% of all isolates tested were found to be resistant to the -lactamase inhibitor of combination amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. The results infer the presence of multi resistant organisms as well as genes conferring -lactamase resistance in environmental samples.
Key words: blaSHV, blaTEM, beta-lactamase, multi-resistant, Pseudomonas sp., environmental sources.
S. N. Ibe and G. C. Okpokwasili, Chikwendu C. I*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A new recommended disinfectant for dental instruments
Jamileh bigom Taheri1, Mahin Bakhshi1, Sedigheh Bakhtiari1*, Bahare Nazemi2, Fateme Fallah3, Sahand Rezaie5, Hamed Mortazavi1 and Somayyeh Azimi4
1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
5General Practitioner, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 11 January, 2019
Abstract
Enduro hand sanitizer is a new disinfecting agent that has recently been introduced as an effective antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. Considering the importance of infection control in dentistry, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the foam and its ability to disinfect dental surfaces and instruments. An experimental study was designed to evaluate the microbial load of 50 samples which were obtained randomly from dental surfaces and instruments before and after application of the disinfecting foam. All samples were cultured in blood agar and nutrient agar culture media and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colony count was subsequently performed after an additional 24 h. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the foam on different bacterial species, a blank disc was coated with foam and approximated with the bacteria. The clear zone around each disc was measured and reported (mm) after 48 h. The significance of differences between the data retrieved before and after applying the foam was determined using the non parametric Chi-square test. None of the species were colonized after the application of the foam. It was also shown to significantly reduce the colonization of resistant bacterial strains and the standard microbial species (P<0.05). Enduro hand sanitizer is an effective disinfectant capable of decontaminating dental instruments to the optimum level.
Key words: Antibacterial, disinfecting agent, dental instrument.
Mahin Bakhshi, Sedigheh Bakhtiari*, Fateme Fallah, Sahand Rezaie, Bahare Nazemi, Hamed Mortazavi and Somayyeh Azimi, Jamileh bigom Taheri
Page: 1 - 4