ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Salt tolerance and mycorrhization of Bacopa monneiri grown under sodium chloride saline conditions
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Salt tolerance and mycorrhization of Bacopa monneiri grown under sodium chloride saline conditions
Khaliel A. S.1*, Shine K. 1 and Vijayakumar K.1,2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
2Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Salinity of soil is a serious problem affecting plant growth and is increasing steadily in many parts of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (A M) is the most wide spread and significant mutualistic fungi having universal in their association including plants of agricultural and medicinal importance. A. mycorrhiza fungi have been shown to promote plant growth and salinity tolerance by various mechanisms. The effects of inoculation with two A. mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices have been investigated on B. monneiri, an important medicinal plant grown with five different levels of salinity (0.40, 80, 120 and 160 mM). Root colonization, leaf chlorophyll content and tolerance of the plants to salinity were determined. The results indicated that the A. mycorrhizal fungi could infect and colonize the roots effectively under high salinity levels and increased chlorophyll content. Dry mass production was significantly enhanced in the inoculated plants and the effect was more evident at the high salinity levels. More over, A. mycorrhizal colonization has increased Na+ and Cl- uptake and reduced rhizosphere NaCl level significantly. A. mycorrhizal association significantly increased tolerance of plants to salinity and was found as an effective measure to enhance establishment of the plant and to decrease soil salinity.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Bacopa monneiri, salt tolerance, proline.
Khaliel A. S*, Shine K. and Vijayakumar K
Research Article
Biopreservative potential of marine lactobacillus spp
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biopreservative potential of marine lactobacillus spp
K. Indira*, S. Jayalakshmi, A. Gopalakrishnan and M. Srinivasan
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences,
Annamalai University Parangipettai – 608 502, Tamil Nadu – India.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
Bacteriocins are of special interest due to their potential value as natural preservative. The present study is a trial for production of such bacteriocin from a marine Lactobacillus sp. Lactic acid bacteria (LBA) was isolated from fish gut (Mugil cephalus) and prawn muscle (Peneaus monodon) samples and their density were found to be 5.2 x 107 and 6.4 x 107 CFU/g respectively. Various pathogens were isolated from ready to eat pickle samples (bottled). The LAB strains were tested against 10 different commercial antibiotics. Among them Vancomycin was the only antibiotic that showed a minimum of 40% resistance to the LAB strains tested. LAB strains were optimized at different parameters and maximum bacteriocin production was at pH 6, temperature of 35°C, 3.5% of salt concentration, 24th h of incubation period. Bacteriocin produced by these strains were precipitated from the culture filtrate using methanol and TCA which was further dialyzed, centrifuged and lyophilized. Lactobacillus fermentum was selected as the most potential strain for both bacteriocin production as well as antimicrobial activity. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis proved that the obtained protein is homologous with a molecular weight of 18 kDa. FT-IR spectrum also confirmed the obtained protein as a bacteriocin. The study revealed that Lactobacillus strains of marine origin are having the potential to be used as biopreservatives especially in seafood industries. The production of bacteriocin from L. fermentum was found to be ideal for industrial scale production and commercial utilization.
Key words: Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus fermentum, biopreservative, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR).
K. Indira*, S. Jayalakshmi, A. Gopalakrishnan and M. Srinivasan
A. Gopalakrishnan and M. Srinivasan, K. Indira*, S. Jayalakshmi
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of the production of exopolysaccharides by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 in sand biological soil crusts and its bioflocculant activity
Z. R. Wang1.2, J. P. Sheng1, X. L. Tian1, T. T. Wu1, W. Z. Liu1 and L. Shen1*
1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing100083, China.
2School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Accepted 03 January, 2019
Abstract
To improve the yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 from sand biological soil crusts in Gurban Tonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China and to analyze its bioflocculant activity, orthogonal matrix method was used and this method enabled us to obtain maximum EPS production. By studying the optimal medium condition of beef extract 3 g/l, peptone 10 g/l, maltose 40 g/l, and NaCl 4g/l we observed that the optimal medium condition was pH 6.0, incolum size 8%, liquid volume 40 ml in 200 ml flak and temperature 28°C. The maximum EPS production was 20.19 g/l which is about five times more than that at the basal condition. Furthermore, results obtained indicated that the flocculation activity of the extracellular polymer can be achieved at over 80.4% in kaolin suspension and this occurred at a concentration of 0.4 mg/l. This paper describes the optimum condition of exopolysaccharides production by Bacillus thuringiensis 27 and showed that exopolysaccharides had high bioflocculant activity. This work provides a scientific foundation to explore new exopolysaccharides and bioflocculation in sand biological soil crusts. Maximum production of exopolysacchaides under the optimal medium and condition can be achieved and exopolysaccharides have high bioflocculating activity in kaolin system.
Key words: Biological soil crusts, exopolysaccharides, flocculation, optimization, Bacillus.
J. P. Sheng, T. T. Wu, X. L. Tian, W. Z. Liu and L. Shen*, Z. R. Wang
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of multiple resistance and role of extended spectrum -lactamases in environmental Pseudomonas isolates
Chikwendu C. I.1*, S. N. Ibe2 and G. C. Okpokwasili2
1Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigreia.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigreia.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
The activity of 13 antimicrobials was studied, to determine multiple antimicrobial resistances, against 208 Pseudomonas strains (125 Pseudomonas sp and 83 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from river and aquaculture samples. Isolates were confirmed with API 20 NE. Isolates from both sources reported high resistance rates for similar antibiotics. These were: Ampicillin (100, 100%), cefuroxime (96.8, 81.9%), streptomycin (93.6, 78.6%), cefotaxime (93.6, 77.1%), for river water and aquaculture samples respectively. While resistances were high for ofloxacin, norfloxacine, mezlocillin, ceftazidime, kanamycin and enrofloxacine (70 to 85.5%) among the river water isolates, they were moderate among the aquaculture isolates (50 to 69.4%). Ninety seven (97.2%) percent of isolates from river water and 78.9% from aquaculture were resistant to at least three or more antimicrobials and were termed multi-resistant. Results of plasmid profiling showed the presence of multiple plasmids ranging in size between 639 and 11845 bp. Preliminary tests for -lactamase detection by double-disk approximation were positive with high resistances to imipenem, aztreonam, cefpodoxime and cefotaxime. PCR of amplified genomic DNA was positive for the detection of blaSHV and blaTEM -lactamase genes. However, up to 50% of all isolates tested were found to be resistant to the -lactamase inhibitor of combination amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. The results infer the presence of multi resistant organisms as well as genes conferring -lactamase resistance in environmental samples.
Key words: blaSHV, blaTEM, beta-lactamase, multi-resistant, Pseudomonas sp., environmental sources.
S. N. Ibe and G. C. Okpokwasili, Chikwendu C. I*
Research Article
Seroprevalance of Coxiellosis in cows, sheep, goats and humans in Diyarbakir region of Turkey
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalance of Coxiellosis in cows, sheep, goats and humans in Diyarbakir region of Turkey
Neval Berrin Arserim1, Simten Ye ilmen1, Osman Ya ar TEL2, Tuncer Özekinci3, Oktay Keskin2, Hüseyin Pulat4 and Aydin Vural5
1Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Microbiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
2Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Microbiology, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
3Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
4Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Virolology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
5Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Accepted 05 February, 2019
Abstract
This study aims at determining the seroprevalance of Coxiella burnetii in cows, sheep, goats and staff, working in the stock breeding sector in Diyarbakir region. Therefore, C. burnetii antibodies were investigated in sera samples of 612 sheep, 700 goats, 584 cows and 90 staff by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In the study, seropositivity was obtained as 25.4, 38.6, 20.0 and 6.6% in sheep, goats, cows and stockbreeding staff, respectively. Consequently, C. burnetii seropositivity, whether in people or in animals, had a ratio that should not be ignored in Diyarbakir region. Abort cases in ruminant should be assessed from the viewpoint of Coxiellosis. Also, people, especially those who are in risk group, should be made to be conscious of Coxiellosis infection, and measures for preventing this illness should be taken.
Key words: Cow, Coxiella burnetii, goat, human, seroprevalance, sheep.
Neval Berrin Arserim, Osman Ya ar TEL, Hüseyin Pulat and Aydin Vural, Simten Ye ilmen, Tuncer Özekinci, Oktay Keskin
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Kinetics and thermodynamics of high level β-glucosidase production by mutant derivative of Aspergillus niger under submerged growth conditions
Muhammad Rizwan Javed1,2, Muhammad Hamid Rashid 1*, Zahid Mukhtar1, Muhammad Riaz1, Habibullah Nadeem1, Tayyaba Huma2 and Nourin Ashiq1
1Enzyme Engineering Lab, IEB Group, Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Accepted 05 February, 2019
Abstract
Gamma rays mediated mutagenesis and subsequent selection on 2-deoxy-D-glucose developed a highly catabolite de-repressed and stable β-glucosidase (BGL) hyper-producer mutant of local Aspergillus niger NIBGE, which has high potential for industrial applications. The M6 mutant showed highest constitutive production of BGL (14,900 IU/L) on glucose as compared to control (5,900 IU/L). Wheat bran was the best carbon source and BGL production by parent and mutant strain was 16,200 and 29,500 IU/L, respectively. Effect of inoculum density, pH, temperature and wheat bran concentration on the BGL production was determined in terms of kinetic growth parameters, that is, specific growth rate (m), biomass doubling time (td), product yield coefficient with respect to cell mass (Yp/x) and specific rate of product formation (qp). Optimal conditions for BGL production by parent and mutant strain were same: inoculum level= 0.184 mg cells/mL (10% v/v); optimum temperature= 30°C and pH= 5.0; wheat bran= 3% (w/v). The apparent subunit molecular mass of BGL from both strains was also same (130 kDa). Determination of thermodynamic parameters led to consider that the hyper-production of BGL by the mutant was due to decrease in: activation energy (Ea(p)), change in enthalpy (ΔH*(p)) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG*(p)) for product (BGL) formation.
Key words: β-glucosidase, Aspergillus niger, activation energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy.
Muhammad Rizwan Javed, Muhammad Hamid Rashid*, Habibullah Nadeem, Zahid Mukhtar, Tayyaba Huma and Nourin Ashiq, Muhammad Riaz