ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vitro efficacy of a Zimbabwean isolate of Zoophthora radicans Brefeld (Batko) in the control of Lepidoptera larvae infesting Brassica sp.
W. Manyangarirwa1*, G. W. Zehnder2, G. S. McCutcheon3, P. H. Adler2, J. P. Smith4 and A. N. Mphuru1
1Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Africa University, Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe.
2Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0315, USA.
3Biology Department, Claflin University, 400 Magnolia Street, Orangeburg, SC 29115, USA.
4Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service- Lexington County, 605 W, Main Street, Suite 109, Lexington, SC 29072, USA.
Accepted 28 January, 2019
Abstract
The use of microbes in pest control is an important aspect of integrated pest management (IPM). A Zimbabwean isolate of the fungal entomopathogen Zoophthora radicans was tested for efficacy in the control of Brassica infesting lepidopteran larvae. Z. radicans caused 98.68% mortality on small (1st - 2nd instar) diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) larvae and 21.34% mortality on large (3rd - 4th instar) diamondback moth (DBM) larvae 6 days after treatment. Z. radicans was not effective against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, webworm (Hellula undalis), cabbage moth ( Crocidolomia sp.) and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in adult Cotesia plutellae emergence from cocoons treated with Z. radicans and cocoons sprayed with water. There was 95% emergence of C. plutellae adults from cocoons treated with Dimethoate 40 EC. No adults of C. plutellae emerged from cocoons treated with Carbaryl 75 WP, Malathion 25 WP and Malathion 50 EC. The study showed that Z. radicans was effective against early instar DBM larvae and did not have adverse impacts on the emergence of C. plutellae adults from cocoons and Diaeretiella rapae adults from aphid mummies.
Key words: Zimbabwe, Zoophthora radicans, efficacy, in vitro, Lepidoptera, Brassica spp.
J. P. Smith and A. N. Mphuru, W. Manyangarirwa*, G. W. Zehnder, G. S. McCutcheon, P. H. Adler
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes
Adegoke Anthony A. and Okoh Anthony I.
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
Accepted 03 February, 2019
Abstract
We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5 and 100% to frequently prescribed antibiotics. The same set of isolates showed three (23.1%) to be susceptible and ten (76.9%) to be resistant to vancomycin. Five of the latter ten isolates produced beta lactamase and became susceptible to some of the multidisc antibiotics and vancomycin, after the plasmid curing. This presumptively reflects important role of plasmid DNA in conferring resistance to microorganisms as a means of their adaptation especially in the vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The increasing resistance to vancomycin could cause major problems to public health as it was often regarded as the last line of defense against nosocomial and community based S. aureus infection.
Key words: Vancomycin, multidrug, plasmid, beta lactamase, antibiotic resistance.
Okoh Anthony I., Adegoke Anthony A.
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The respiratory syncytial virus may not always be responsible for Bronchiolitis in children
Gülsen Meral Sezer1*, Emel Kabako lu Ünsür1, Semra Kayao lu2 and Faruk Akçay1
1Kagithane State Hospital, Specialty in Pediatrics, Istanbul, 34415, Turkey.
2Nisantasi Family Health Center, Specialty in Family Medicine, Istanbul, 34365, Turkey.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the viral agents and the viral profile in children under 5 years of age who are referred to our hospital due to acute wheezing. The nasal smears of 55 children who were referred to Kagithane State Hospital from now on (KSH) with acute wheezing between November 2009 and March 2010 were analyzed with multiplex PCR and the distribution of respiratory virus detected in these smears was evaluated retrospectively. Out of fifty five children whose nasal smear results were evaluated, 22 (40%) were male and 33 (60%) were female. The age range was 3 months to 5 years. The nasal smears revealed that one patient (2%) had adenovirus, 11 patients (20%) had Rhinovirus A-B, one patient (2%) had Rhinovirus C which is not previously encountered in our country, 5 patients (9%) had RSV-A, 16 patients (29%) had RSV-B and one patient was diagnosed with co-infection of RSV-A and Rhinovirus A-B. This retrospective study is conducted to find out the epidemiologic strategy of viral agents in acute lower respiratory illnesses to modify the treatment protocols and to reduce the mortality which we hope will contribute to the literature.
Key words: Wheezing, lower tract respiratory illness, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus.
Semra Kayao lu and Faruk Akçay, Gülsen Meral Sezer*, Emel Kabako lu Ünsür
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of lactobacilli bacteria isolated from gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for their use as probiotic
R. Majidzadeh Heravi1, H. Kermanshahi1, M. Sankian2*, M. R. Nassiri3, A. Heravi Moussavi1, L. Roozbeh Nasiraii4 and A. R. Varasteh5*
1The excellence center for Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2Immuno-Biochemistry lab., Immunology Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Mashad, Iran.
3The research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi Universiry of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4Department of Food science, Nour branch, Islamic azad university, Nour, Iran.
5Immuno-Biochemistry Lab, Allergy Research Center, Medical School, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
A study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of broiler chickens and to evaluate their application as a probiotic supplement. The GI contents of 12 broiler chickens from three different ages were collected and cultured on Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) agar. In order to determine bacterial species, different grown colonies were separated and subjected to the sequencing of the 16s ribosomal DNA fragment. An auto-aggregation test was performed for 39 isolated lactobacilli bacteria. Eight species were selected because of their convenient aggregation. In vitro tests including antibacterial activity, resistance to low pH, resistance to bile extract, ability to produce H2O2, cell surface hydrophobicity and adhesion activities on crop epithelial cells were performed for evaluating of probiotic potential for each strain. These tests were ranked according to their priority for probiotic strains. The total score obtained from different experiments is indicator of suitable strain. Under the in vitro conditions and with respects to the probiotic traits, Lactobacillus salivarius caeca4 and Lactobacillus crispatus caeca10 were suggested as probiotic strain, and can be evaluated in an in vivo conditions of commercial birds.
Key words: Lactobacilli, probiotic, gastrointestinal tract, chicken.
A. Heravi Moussavi, H. Kermanshahi, M. Sankian*, L. Roozbeh Nasiraii and A. R. Varasteh*, M. R. Nassiri, R. Majidzadeh Heravi
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Better criterion screening for left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram with different purposes
Ai Song1, Tian Chang Li1*, Ning Li Wang2*, Yuan Bo Liang2,3 and Yi Peng2
1Tongren Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
2Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China.
3Handan Eye Hospital, Hebei Province, China.
Accepted 10 February, 2019
Abstract
According to the recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECC) of AHA/ACCF/HRS declared in 2009, there are more than 30 criteria for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The sensitivity of the various criteria is generally quite low. However, the specificity of ECG in LVH could be 85 to 90%, acting as a strong predictor for cardiovascular events. To investigate the proper criteria in epidemiological screening with different purpose, 5209 qualified ECG out of 6830 people were selected from cross-sectional Handan eye study. Two criteria were chosen: (1) Sokolow-Lyon index, sum of SV1+RV5 or V6 35 mm; (2) Cornell voltage duration product, men: (SV3+RaVL)×QRS duration 2440 ms; women: (SV3+(RaVL+8 mV))×QRS duration 2440 ms. The ECG-LVH group contains 829 individuals (12.18% of the cohort), including 607 by Sokolow-Lyon index and 278 by Cornell voltage duration product. After data estimation, we found that there were no statistical differences between ECG-LVH population and normal population. While evaluated these data in the group that have retinopathy without diabetes, the Sokolow- Lyon index and Cornell voltage duration product were statistically different with normal population (P= 0.023 and P= 0.014, respectively). We use the simple MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluated the mental status of the population and found that when the score was above 15, there was no statistically different between the positive and negative people in Sokolow-Lyon index (P= 0.135); however, in evaluated Cornell voltage duration product, there was statistical difference (P=0.001). When we evaluated the data associated with atherosclerotic factors, we found no differences in Cornell voltage-duration product; as for the Sokolow -Lyon index, the differences were shown in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterols and uric acid (P= 0.03, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Different criterion should be chosen for different purposes. For atherosclerotic screening or epidemiological survey of cardiovascular diseases, the Sokolow-Lyon index might be better. If we use the criterion for epidemiological ophthalmology such as our Handan eye study, both Sokolow-Lyon index and Cornell voltage duration product could be used. As for the evaluation of mental status and its relationship with the LVH risk factors, we might choose Cornell voltage duration product.
Key words: Left ventricular hypertrophy, electrocardiagram, Sokolow-L(l)yon index, Cornell voltage-duration product.
Ai Song, Tian Chang Li*, Yuan Bo Liang and Yi Peng, Ning Li Wang*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study on productivity of epilithic algae in Urumqi River Basin in Northwest China
Li Lanhai, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Achal Varenyam, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,
Chinese Academy of Science, 818 Beijing Road, South Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to make a deep investigation on the concentration of chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) estimates for algae growing on stones in Urumqi River located in an arid region of northwest China. The study was conducted on three sites. A highly improved method for measuring primary productivity in situ was used to estimate the primary production of algae growing on rocks (or algae epilithic) deposited in surface water. The results showed a low biomass with mean chlorophyll a content that was estimated at 5.9 mg/m 2 in the Urumqi River. Of the three sites studied, the mean gross primary productivity of periphyton was 394.89 mgC/m2 day and AFDM 344.75 mg/m2. The analysis of correlation between chlorophyll a and altitude was found to be a curve of anti- hyperbola. Total phosphorus and chlorophyll a was in equilibrium with that between chlorophyll a and total nitrogen.
Key words: Epilithic algae, phytoplankton productivity, chlorophyll a, ash-free dry mass (AFDM).
Li Lanhai, Achal Varenyam, Mupenzi Jean de la Paix*, Chen Xi, Bao Amning and Habiyaremye Gabriel
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