Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of 28-Homobrassinolid in reducing the effects of drought in savory herbs

Mahdi Eskandari

Young Researchers Club, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 08 June, 2020

Abstract

Drought stress is the most significant factor that reduces crop yield and is used as a drug. Using materials such as a plant growth regulator (Brassinosteroids) is a practical solution to reduce losses. Brassinosteroids steroidal plant compounds are broad biological activities that are able to increase plant performance through changes in plant metabolism and in protecting them against environmental stress. In a greenhouse study that was carried out in Vocational City Center Arsanjan, the impact of three levels of irrigation: field capacity (FC), mild stress (FC2/3) and severe stress (FC1/3) and four concentrations of plant growth regulators: Article 28-Homobrassinolid zero, M 10^-10, 10^-8 M and 10^-6 M digits on some savory characters of Satureja bachtiarica was investigated. The results showed that reducing irrigation to reduce the significant effect it has on growth parameters, including length and root dry weight, stem diameter, branch number, plant height, shoot yield and total yield, was essential. More so, the concentration of 10^-8 M 28-Homobrassinolid that was significantly used to increase root dry weight, stem diameter, branch number, plant height, total yield and performance was also essential. Percentage oil increased significantly at 1% by reducing irrigation so that 36% oil in full irrigation increased to 87% in severe stress, and 10^-8 M was recorded for the use of hormone. Essential oil yield at 5% level under the influence of irrigation and the use of hormones were the most essential functions related to irrigation and the use of 10^-8 M 28-Homobrassinolid and value 32/29 kg/ha, respectively. The relationship of these hormone levels in full irrigation, mild and severe stress significantly increased by 59, 30 and 24% oil yield respectively than the control plants did.

Key words: Drought stress, Brassinosteroids, essential oil percentage, shoot yield.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fatty acids and phytochemical contents of different coconut seed flesh in Nigeria

Odenigbo, U. M.* and Otisi, C. A. O.

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria.

Accepted 12 August, 2020

Abstract

Some positive health benefits have currently been attributed to coconut intake. An attempt has been made to determine the fatty acids and phytochemical contents of coconut seed flesh collected from the different parts of Nigeria. The fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography while phytochemical content was detected using the polar and non polar solvents. The findings revealed that samples from eastern Nigeria had highest fatty acids (caprylic: 8.60±0.00%; lauric: 41.30±0.14%; palmitic: 13.00±0.14%, and stearic: 3.6±0.07%) contents. The fats and oil constituent of coconut was more of lauric acid (37.40-41.30%), a medium chain fatty acid considered to be responsible for the many health benefits attributed to coconut consumption. Both solvents used in determination of phytochemicals revealed the presence of alkaloid, resins, glycosides, terpenoids and tannins in all the Nigerian coconut samples. However, saponin was found present in coconut when polar solvent was used while Flavonoids, steroids and acidic compounds were absent with the use of both polar and non polar solvents. The detected phytochemical and beneficial fatty acids revealed that Nigerian coconut seed flesh should be regarded as one of the functional foods in our diets. Thus, the use of coconut seed flesh in our diets should be encouraged for health supporting functions.

Key words: Coconut, fatty acids, phytochemicals, functional foods.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mineral nitrogen affects nodulation and amino acid xylem transport in the Amazonian legume Inga edulis Mart

Rebeca Patricia Omena-Garcia¹, Gilberto Costa Justino¹, Ladaslav Sodek² and José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves¹*

¹Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in the Amazon, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazon, Brazil.

²Laboratory of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Accepted 15 September, 2020

Abstract

The characteristics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical forest tree species have received little attention but it is well established that mineral N negatively affects symbioses in crop legumes such as soybean and common bean. Nevertheless, ecophysiological mineral nitrogen dynamics in terms of nitrogen xylem transport of native Amazonian legume has been not documented so far. The objective of this study was to evaluate nodulation and amino acid xylem transport of Inga edulis, a tropical Amazonian perennial legume, in response to mineral N. Plant growth, nodule number, nodule dry weight and xylem sap amino acid contents were determined in nodulated I. edulis in response to nutrition with ammonium, nitrate or no mineral N (total dependence on N₂ fixation). In addition, free individual amino acids were quantified in the different plant tissues and in the xylem. Plant growth (total dry weight) responded significantly to both nitrate and ammonium, especially the latter. Nitrate negatively affected nodulation and total amino acid transport to the shoot while ammonium increased nodule dry weight, but not total amino acid contents of the xylem which diminished. On the other hand, mineral-N showed only discrete changes in the amino acid composition of the xylem where asparagine was the predominant form. Our results suggest that I. edulis responds to ammonium nutrition through greater plant and nodule growth compared to the other N sources, consistent with ammonium being the principal source of mineral N in the acid soils of the natural habitat of this species.

Key words: Tropical tree species, nitrogen fixation, glutamine, symbiosis.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Growth, photosynthetic efficiency, yield and swelling factor in Plantago indica under semi-arid condition of Gujarat, India

Manish Das

Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat 387310, India. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 July, 2020

Abstract

An experiment was carried out with Black Isabgol (Plantago indica L) an annual herb cultivated recently as a medicinal plant at Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (DMAPR) in India, aiming on the effect at different stages of growth under the influence of different sowing dates and spacings on growth, seed yield and seed swelling factor as a part of good agricultural practices (GAP). No detail morpho-physiological work has been carried out in this species including yield. Results revealed that growth and yield were significantly influenced by sowing dates and spacings. The best time for sowing of P. indica was found to be between 15-30th November and the suitable spacing was either 50 or 60 × 15 cm. Swelling factor was not influenced by these factors, however, a positive trend was observed towards suitable date of sowing and spacing. The finding was a step forward towards determining good agricultural practices (GAP) of P. indica, probably an alternative of P. ovata in future.

Key words: Plantago indica, Sowing date, spacing, growth, yield, swelling factor.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biochemical changes in chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp ciceri

RATHOD P. J.* and Vakharia D. N.

Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001, India.

Accepted 11 October, 2020

Abstract

Study was conducted to see the changes in ascorbic acid, free amino acids, proline and total phenol content at different stages of infection of wilt disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) roots tissues. The results indicated that total phenol content was significantly higher in root of all the cultivars obtained from sick plot. The level of phenol declined from pre infection (S₁) to post infection stage (S₂) and further it increased in all the cultivars among six cultivars tested, JG-62 and GG-1 had lower concentration of total phenol than others. Free amino acid content remarkably decreased with rise in the intensity of wilt disease. Susceptible cultivars had greater reductions in free amino acid content as compared to tolerant cultivars (GG-1 and GG-2) that is (50-52%). Root tissues of different cultivars grown in sick plot possess significantly more amount of free amino acids than the tissues obtained from normal plots at different stages of growth. Ascorbic acids content was significantly higher in chickpea root tissues obtained from normal plot. Susceptible cultivars GG-4 and JG-62 had higher content of ascorbic acid either it was grown in sick soil or normal soil as compared with other cultivars. With the progress of disease from pre infection (S₁) to post infection stage (S₂), a greater reduction was recorded in root tissues received from sick plot (47%) as compared to normal plot (38%). Interaction effect of TxS showed that the percentage reduction in ascorbic acid content was same from pre infection stage to post infection stage (36%) in root tissues from both sick and normal plot.

Key words: Chickpea, wilt, proline, phenol, free amino acid, ascorbic acid.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 14 (10), pp. 001-014, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of diatomite nutrition on two Trifolium alexandrinum cultivars differing in salinity tolerance

Mona M. Abdalla

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. [email protected].

Accepted 20 October, 2020

Abstract

Salt toxicity is one of the major problems in modern agriculture. Plants can employ silicon as a protective agent against stresses and the mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Two Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance were used (Helaly, salt sensitive and Sarw1, salt tolerant). They were grown in pots filled with normal and saline soil (2000 and 3000 ppm) in the absence or presence of diatomites (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 g/kg soil). Results indicated that diatomite significantly offset the negative impacts of salinity and increased tolerance of sensitive cultivar of clover (Helaly) to salinity stress. Salinity decreased markedly all measured growth parameters (plant height and fresh and dry weight of fodder/pot), photosynthetic rate , the percentage of relative water content (%RWC), percentage of membrane stability index (%MSI), total photosynthetic pigment, and the contents of each of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (C) while it increased the levels of both amino acids, proline and sodium (Na) in both T. alexandrinum cultivars, however the effect was more profound on the sensitive line. Addition of diatomite at an upgraded rates solely or combined with both concentrations of NaCl significantly increased the above measured growth parameters, photosynthesis, %RWC, %MSI, total pigment and the accumulation of each of Mg, K, P and Ca. Moreover, it synergistically increased the content of total amino acids while, on the other hand, reduced the contents of proline and Na. Notably, the impact of diatomite in mitigating the deteriorative effect of salinity was clearly manifested more in sensitive lines of clover than in tolerant ones and under the higher dose of salinity (3000 ppm) as compared to the lower dose (2000 ppm). Moreover, diatomite fertilization either alone or interacting with salinity induced two distinctive protein electrophoratic bands (233 and 25 KD) which were absent in either the control or salinity stressed cultivars. In this respect, diatomite was most effective at 3 g/kg on Helaly and 4.5 g/kg on Sarw1 imposed to the higher dose of salinity (3000 ppm). Diatomite application either alone or combined with salinity induced several distinguished amplified DNA fragments in both clover cultivars using PCR- RAPD analysis , although the number of induced polymorphic DNA fragments were more in Helaly than in Sarw1. These results indicate that diatomite recovered and improved the morphologic, metabolic and biochemical status of both cultivars under salinity stress and especially the sensitive line (Helaly).

Key words: Diatomite, growth, proline, aminoacids, membrane stability index, relative water content, minerals, protein electrophorasis, RAPD-(DNA).