ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Mycotic contamination of stockfish sold in Jos, Nigeria
S. A. Junaid*, F. Olarubofin and A. O. Olabode
Department of Medical Microbiology Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) VOM, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 April, 2010
Abstract
This study was aimed at isolating and identifying the fungi associated with stockfish contamination in Jos Metropolis. A total of 100 stockfish samples were randomly purchased from four markets namely, Terminus, Kwararafa, Katako and Gada biu in Jos town, Plateau State, Nigeria. The stockfish samples were assayed for fungal contamination and moisture content using standard procedures. All the stockfish samples were contaminated with fungi. Seven different fungi were found to be associated with the stockfish samples sold in the four different markets. The associated fungi were Mucor Spp, Asergillus flavus, Trichophyton verrucosum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillin Spp and Rhizopus Spp. It was observed that Mucor Spp had the highest rate of occurrence among the isolated fungi. The moisture content was between 6 - 27%. Results from the study are useful in developing and establishing public health standards as consumption of these fungi exposes the consumers to the probable toxic metabolites produced by the fungi.
Key words: Mycotic contamination stockfish, cod.
S. A. Junaid*, F. Olarubofin and A. O. Olabode
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Improved antimicrobial activity of the Tanzanian edible mushroom Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff) Gray by chicken manure supplemented solid sisal wastes substrates
Liberata Nyang’oso Mwita, Anthony Manoni Mshandete and Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye*
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Accepted 05 April, 2010
Abstract
The Tanzanian edible mushroom species Coprinus cinereus was grown on sisal waste substrates supplemented with chicken manure with the aim to evaluate the effects of the chicken manure supplement on the antimicrobial activity of the mushroom’s extracts. Crude ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from the mushroom’s fruiting bodies harvested at pre-capping, capping and post capping stages, and the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity, using the agar well method. The antimicrobial activity was observed only in capping and post capping stages of the mushrooms and the activity generally increased with increased percentage of manure supplementation. These findings show that Tanzanian edible C. cinereus mushroom contains antimicrobial compounds and chicken manure could be used in the cultivation of the mushroom to increase the production of active secondary metabolites, which could be used as lead compounds for discovery of new and more effective drugs against microbial infections.
Key words: Coprinus cinereus, antimicrobial, chicken manure.
Liberata Nyang’oso Mwita, Anthony Manoni Mshandete and Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Identification of a restriction endonuclease (SacC1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mukaram Shikara
Biotechnology Division, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Accepted 21 August, 2010
Abstract
SacC1 is a novel restriction endonuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that recognizes the palindromic sequence 5’CTCGAC3’ cleaving both DNA strands upstream and downstream of its recognition sequence and makes a staggered cut at the distance of five bases from the recognition sequence on the upper strand and at the seventh base on the complementary strand. It shares similar characteristics with Sac I from Streptomyces achromogenes as well as Sst1 from Streptomyces Stanford and Psp124B1 from Pseudomonas species. It has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration using phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 with an optimal pH range (7.5-8.5), active at 37°C and dependent on Mg +2 or Mn2+ which increases its activity by 4- and 2-folds, respectively, while other cations decrease its activity to some extents. Cleavage on both sides of the recognition sequence is characteristic of Type IIB systems but all IIB enzymes studied so far have been found to recognize discontinuous sites and a distinctive subunit/domain organization that is not present in the SacC1 enzyme. There are similarities between SacC1 and other homing endonucleases belonging to the LAGLIDADG family such as a requirement for Mg2+ (or Mn2+) for cleavage to take place, optimal activity at alkaline pH and stimulation of the reaction by moderate concentrations of the monovalent cation.
Key words: Purification, recognition site, restriction enzyme, Saccharomyces, Streptomyces, Type IIB.
Mukaram Shikara
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
FLAG tag module for PCR based gene targeting
Rajeev Ranjan, Sumit Kumar Verma and Shakil Ahmed*
Molecular and Structural Biology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR
Chattar Manzil Palace, MG Road, Lucknow- 226001, India.
Accepted 29 February, 2010
Abstract
Epitope tagging of yeast proteins has become an efficient tool for biochemical analysis of protein of interest. The epitope-tagged proteins can be used for western blotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments without the need to raise specific antibodies, thus saving considerable time and expense. We have constructed plasmid containing FLAG tag with kanMX6 module, which allows selection of G418-resistant cells in yeast. The same set of primers that amplify module constructed by Bahler et al. (1998) can be used to amplify the FLAG tag module constructed in this study. The linear DNA fragment containing FLAG tag module with flanking homology region of gene of interest can be efficiently integrated on the yeast genome, using homologous recombination. We have successfully FLAG tag wat1/pop3 gene at its chromosomal locus and confirmed by western blot analysis. This construct can be very useful for generating C terminal tagging of desired genes at its normal chromosomal locus without interfering with their function.
Key words: S. pombe, epitope tagging, FLAG tag, pFA6a plasmid, wat1/ pop3.
Rajeev Ranjan, Sumit Kumar Verma and Shakil Ahmed*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evidence of antagonistic interactions between rhizosphere and mycorrhizal fungi associated with Dendrocalamus strictus (Bamboo)
Rohit Sharma1,2*, Ram .C. Rajak1 and Akhilesh .K. Pandey1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Mycological Research Laboratory, R. D. University, Jabalpur- 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
2Microbial Culture Collection, Affiliated to National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411 007, Maharashtra, India.
Accepted 28 May, 2010
Abstract
The paper deals with interactions of some microfungal strains isolated from rhizosphere soils from three different sites with ectomycorrhizal fungus Cantharellus tropicalis mycelium grown in vitro on agar plates. The rhizospheric fungi were isolated from 3 different sites of bamboo forest and grown against Cantharellus. The cross inoculation method showed that C. tropicalis was highly active against some fungi, thus resulting in different types and strength of interactions. Overgrowth was the most common interaction (45%), followed by inhibition at distance (29%), intermingling (17%) and contact inhibition (13%). The competitive strength of the ectomycorrhizal fungus was high and only affected by some fast growing sterile mycelia, an unidentified fungus and Trichoderma viride.
Key words: Cantharellus, ectomycorrhiza, mycorrhizal systems, biological control, soil micro fungi.
Rohit Sharma*, Ram .C. Rajak and Akhilesh .K. Pandey
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Production cellulase by different co-culture of Aspergillus niger and Tricoderma viride from waste paper
Ali A. Juwaied, Suhad Adnan and Ahmed Abdulamier Hussain Hussain Al-Amiery*
Department of Applied Science, Biochemical Division, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Accepted 16 April, 2010
Abstract
In Iraq, there is attempts to transfer the various industrial carbon waste to veterinary proteins depend on microorganisms by using of chemical process. Five different co-culture combinations (1:1 ratio, 1 × 106 conidia)of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride, mixing of A. niger and T. viride, in 24 and 48 h old monocultures of Aspergillus similar mixing of A. in 24 and 48 h old monoculture of Trichoderma and the monocultures of both were evaluated for their potential performance of cellulases production. The study indicates that the cellulases obtained from compatible mixed cultures simultaneous mixing of both fungi have more enzyme activity as compared to their pure cultures and other combinations. The fermentation experiments were performed in solid stat fermentation (SSF). Incubation time, carbon sources and initial pH of fermentation medium was optimized with simultaneous mixed culture. It was revealed that the newspaper at pH = 5 and 40°C was the best source of carbon for the enhanced production of cellulase in the compatible mixed culture experiments after 8 days of incubation with 5.70 U/ml. Based on the reported results, it may be concluded that industrial carbon waste can be a potential substrate for production of cellulase, incorporation of co-culturing A. niger and T. viride. The aim of this work is to produce of Cellulase from waste paper and reduce the pollution.
Key words: Aspergillus niger, Tricoderma viride, cellulase, culture.
Suhad Adnan and Ahmed Abdulamier Hussain Hussain Al-Amiery*, Ali A. Juwaied
Page: 1 - 10