Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Targeting FAD2 Gene with RNAi for Enhanced Oleic Acid Composition in Transgenic Brassica napus

Tian Baoming1, Sun Dandan1, Lian Yuli2, Shu Haiyan1, Ling Hua1, Zang Xin1, Wang Bonan1 and Pei Zhenqiang1

1Bioengineering Department, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
2Chaoyang Teachers College, Chaoyang, 122500, China.

Accepted 1 April, 2025

Oleate- 12 desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) into linoleic acid (C18:2). Brassica napus FAD2 gene was targeted for silencing by its RNAi gene under the control of a seed-specific napin promoter. This study aims to identify the transgenic plants, and analyze the level of BnFAD2 transcripts in addition to fatty acid profile in T3 seeds. As indicated by PCR and southern blotting analysis, a total of six transgenic plants were developed. Analysis performed by RT-PCR revealed the significant down-regulation of BnFAD2 transcripts in developing T3 seeds, which resulted in 13.90 to 32.20% increase of oleic acid composition in mature T 3 seeds. The data demonstrated that BnFAD2 gene was efficiently down-regulated and mediated by its RNAi gene, and oleic acid composition in transgenic rapeseeds was significantly enhanced.

Key words: RNAi, oleate-  12 desaturase (FAD2) gene, oleic acid, Brassica napus.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cold-Active Alkaline Protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Optimization and Detergent Industry Applications

Mohammed Kuddus1* and Pramod W. Ramteke2

1Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow – 226026, India.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Allahabad –
211007, India.

Accepted 09 March, 2025

Biodetergents are preferred over the conventional synthetic detergents in view of their better cleaning properties, low energy input and the alleviation of pollution. The biodetergents derived from mesophilic/thermophilic organisms and also peroxide-based synthetic detergents require high temperature for their optimum activity. Thus, cold-active enzymes are very useful as they work at lower temperatures and do not require the input of energy. The purpose of the present study was the production optimization and purification of cold-active alkaline protease from a novel psychro-tolerant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MTCC 7528 and its application as a detergents additive for cold washing. Psychro-tolerant proteolytic bacterium S. maltophilia MTCC 7528 was isolated from soil of Gangotri glacier, Western Himalaya, India that produced maximum protease (56.2 U/ml) at 20°C and pH 9.0 after 120 h incubation in shaking condition (120 rev/min). The purified enzyme has molecular weight of 75 kDa with maximum activity and stability at pH 10 and 20°C temperature. It showed excellent compatibility with commercial detergents with improved cleansing power at low temperature. The enzyme completely removed blood and grass stains and increases the reflectance by 26 and 23%, respectively. Enzyme-based detergents find a wide range of applications in laundry and textile industries. Cold- active alkaline protease from psychro-tolerant S. maltophilia may be a potential component to be used as a detergent additive for cold washing that will be beneficial to save energy as they work at lower temperatures.

Key words: Alkaline protease, biodetergent, cold-active enzymes, wash performance.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibiotic Resistance in Non-Typhoid Salmonella Isolates from Humans and Poultry in Egypt and Algeria

Abdelhakim Aouf1,2, Yamina Messai1, Mohammed S. Salama3, Hala M. Aboushady2, Mervat G. El-Anany4, Souhila Alouache1 and Rabah Bakour1*

1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology
Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.
2Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
3Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

4Microbiology Laboratory, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Accepted 28 March, 2025

Seventy six non-typhoid Salmonella were isolated from both human and poultry in Egypt and Algeria and tested for their antibiotics resistance. The incidence of multiple antibiotics resistance was high. To study -lactams resistance mechanisms, double disk synergy test (DDST) with and without cloxacilline was used, results revealed the production of extended spectrum - lactamases (ESBLs) and cephalosporinase in seven and one human Egyptian isolates, respectively. The seven ESBL isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Poona and their molecular typing by ERIC-PCR revealed unrelated genetic patterns, indicating that these isolates are not clonal. The Cephalosporinase-ESBL- producing isolate was identified as S. enterica serotype Hadar. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers showed the presence of blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively, in all and four ESBL producers, and blaAmpC gene was detected in cephalosporinase-producing isolate. Genetic transfer by conjugation and plasmid profiles analysis showed that these genes and their resistance markers were transferable in association with plasmids of 60 kb for ESBLs and 64 and 3.2 kb for AmpC cephalosporinase.

Key words: Non-typhoid Salmonella, extended spectrum -lactamases, cephalosporinase, Egypt, Algeria.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Survival Strategies of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in Seawater: Impact of Long-Term Starvation on Virulence and Cellular Characteristics

Fethi Ben Abdallah1,2*, Ali Ellafi1, Rihab Lagha1, Héla Kallel2 and Amina Bakhrouf1

1Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de
Pharmacie Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisie.
2Unité de Fermentation et de Développement de Vaccins Virologiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002, Tunisie.

Accepted 1 March, 2025

In this study, we incubated Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus (marine food-borne pathogens bacteria) in seawater for 8 months to study their morphologic, proteomic and genetic responses to starvation. The atomic force micrographs of stressed strains showed a reduction of the cells size and an evolution to two coccoid-shape forms whose length is less than 0.4 m and between 0.5 and 1 m. Extracellular protein patterns and gelatinase profiles of stressed bacteria were also altered. Indeed, these modifications were manifested by the appearance and/or disappearance of bands as well as in the level of expression of certain proteins. In addition, we also searched for the presence of eight Vibrio cholerae virulence genes: toxR, toxS, toxRS, ctxA, zot, ace, toxT, and Virulence Pathogenicity Island (VPI) in the genome of investigated strains. The expression level of VPI gene studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was decreased, whereas the mRNA quantities of toxR, toxS, and ace in starved Vibrio remained stable.

Key words: Vibrio, seawater, alterations, morphology, proteins secreted, virulence gene expression, RT-PCR.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Primary School Students in a Rural Region of Iran: A 2008 Study

Khosrow Hazrati Tappe1, Habib Mohammadzadeh1, Shahla Khashaveh1, Baratali Rezapour2 and Afshin Barazesh3*

1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 3631, Bushehr, Iran.

Accepted 1 March, 2025

Duplicate stool specimens from 405 primary school attending students of Barandooz-Chay region of Urmia district were tested for intestinal parasites. Besides, duplicate scotch tape slides were obtained and examined microscopically for Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia sp. eggs. A questionnaire containing demographic data was filled for every case, and the relationship between them and the parasitic infection was assayed. Overall, intestinal parasitic prevalence was 42.5%. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii, Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana was 20.5, 14.6, 13.3, 2.5, 10.6 and 0.2%, respectively. No statistic relation was proved between these infections, having tap water facility at home or family population (except for E. vermicularis), but there was a significant relationship between parents’ education level and family population. According to relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in the study field, it is necessary to increase hygienic and educational measures.

Key words: Prevalence, intestinal parasites, primary school, Urmia.
 

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2736-1756 Vol. 19 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2025. www.internationalscholarsjournals.org/ © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Household Water: Implications for Water Management and Public Health in Lungwena

Taulo, S.1, 3*, Wetlesen, A.1, Abrahamsen, R.1, Mkakosya, R.2 and Kululanga, G.3

1Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, N-
1432 As, Norway.
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, P/B 360, Blantyre, Malawi.

3Faculty of Engineering, University of Malawi, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi.

Accepted 8 May, 2025

This study investigated and compared the microbiological quality of source, transported and stored water in Lungwena households. It also examined water management practices at all the investigated points. One hundred and eighty (180) water samples were collected from 6 villages and tested for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, E .coli 0157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni using standard methods. Water contamination practices were observed in two hundred and eighty seven households. E. coli, Salmonella, E. coli 0157:H7 and C. jejuni were isolated in 54, 24, 6.7 and 2.2% of the samples, respectively. Sampling points revealed a significant difference (p = 0.001) in E. coli concentration. Salmonella concentration between sampling points was not significant (p > 0.05). E. coli concentration was significantly (p = 0.042) higher than that of Salmonella spp. The microbiological quality of water was found to be poor as a result of both poor water management practices and environmental sanitation. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in water management practices among the villages.

Key words: Pathogens, stored water, transport water, water contamination.