ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial properties of 4-Carboxyl-2, 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes
Olajire A. Adegoke1*, Akinlabi O. Ogunleye2, Oluwafunmilayo T. Lawal3, Olakunle S. Idowu1 and Mukaram A. Adeniyi-Akee1
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 28 January, 2018
Abstract
The antimicrobial screening of the monoazo dyes, 4-carboxyl-2, 6-dintropheylazohydroxynapththalene, was carried out as a preliminary test for evaluating their biological potentials. Antimicrobial screening was done with filter paper disc and gauze bandage fabric impregnated with the dyes using 7 microbial isolates: Staphylococcus aureus 382, Candida albicans UBA7, Klebsiella species 864, Escherichia coli V3, Salmonella enterica gallinarum 28 V2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species. Diameters of zones of inhibitions were measured to evaluate the activities of the dyes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the four title dyes was thereafter estimated using two sensitive strains of S. aureus and Candida albicans. AZ-01 and AZ-04 at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was found to have the highest activities of 20 mm each on S. aureus, comparable to the positive control gentamicin (diameter of 20 mm), using paper disc. With the fabric screening using 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL concentration, only the 5 mg/mL AZ-01 and the 10 mg/mL AZ-01 had activities of 10 and 12 mm respectively on S. aureus. On C. albicans, 5 mg/mL AZ-01 and 10 mg/mL AZ-01 had activities of 20 and 24 mm respectively and these were found comparable to the positive control 1% tioconazole. 5 mg/mL AZ-02 and 10 mg/mL AZ-02 had activities of 10 and 14 mm respectively, 5 mg/mL AZ-04 and 10 mg/mL AZ-04 had activities of 16 and 16 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) done using serial dilution on WHO microtitre plate (96 wells), gave AZ-01 having the highest activity, both on S. aureus and C. albicans with MIC of 15.63 µg/mL, and then AZ-04 with MIC of 23.44 µg/mL. The results of these microbial assays suggest that the investigated monoazo dyes may be useful as potential antimicrobial agents, especially against multidrug resistant S. aureus, in addition to their dyeing properties.
Key words: 4-carboxyl- 2, 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes, antimicrobial properties, multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MIC.
Akinlabi O. Ogunleye, Oluwafunmilayo T. Lawal, Olakunle S. Idowu and Mukaram A. Adeniyi-Akee, Olajire A. Adegoke*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant and nitric oxide status in patients diagnosed with Echinococcus granulosus
Eser Kilic1*, Süleyman Yazar2, Gülden Ba kol1, Tarik Arti 3 and Dilara Ersayit1
1Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039-Kayseri/Turkey.
2Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039-Kayseri/Turkey.
3Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039-Kayseri/Turkey.
Accepted 26 January, 2018
Abstract
In the present study, we tried to investigate whether infection with cystic echinococcosis provokes oxidative stress in the host by measuring changes in plasma levels of anti-oxidants enzymes. 23 patients and 25 control individuals were included in the study. Plasma superoxide dismutase [Cu–Zn superoxide dismutases, cytoplasmic form/superoxide dismutase 1] and glutathione peroxidase [Cytoplasmic gluthatione peroxidase 1] activities and plasma nitrite levels were all determined based on the colorimetric methods. Statistically significant decreased cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities with decreased nitric oxide production, which produce superoxide radical was found in patients with cystic echinococcosis. Correlation analysis and statistical evaluation together showed that there was a significant negative correlation between glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.001) and also significant negative correlation between glutathione peroxidase activity and nitric oxide level (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation observed between superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide level (p < 0.001). These results clearly indicate a decline in the response to oxidative stresses. It may also be concluded that a decrease in the nitric oxide level can be associated with the low stimulation of the cell mediated immune system.
Key words: Cystic echinococcosis, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide.
Gülden Ba kol, Tarik Arti and Dilara Ersayit, Eser Kilic*, Süleyman Yazar
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of “eight-trigram boxing” exercise on blood oxidative status and intestine bifidobacterium and lactobacillus count in practicers
Yin Hai-li1 and Niu Ai-jun2,3*
1Institute of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China.
2Wushu Department, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
3History Department, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Accepted 03 March, 2018
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of “Eight-trigram boxing” in reducing blood oxidative status and improving intestine benefical bacteria counts. Participants were randomly assigned to “Eight-trigram boxing” exercise. After 3 months, significant increase in GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GR activities were observed. In addition, intestine benefical bacteria bifidobacterium and lactobacillus count were markedly enhanced. It could be concluded that “Eight-trigram boxing” exercise was beneficial to practicers’ health.
Key words: “Eight-trigram boxing”, antioxidant, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus.
Niu Ai-jun*, Yin Hai-li
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Expression of innate immune-related genes of Kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, after challenge with Vibrio nigripulchritudo
Jean Fall1, Tomoya Kono2, Mahmoud Tanekhy1, Toshiaki Itami1 and Masahiro Sakai1*
1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
2Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
Accepted 09 February, 2018
Abstract
The expression of five innate immune-related genes crustin (MjCrus), lysozyme (MjLyz), penaeidin (MjPEN), Toll-like Receptors (MjToll), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (MjTNF) in the lymphoid organ (LO) and intestine of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was investigated after challenge with Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Bacteria (1 x 105 CFU/ml) were injected into the second abdominal segment of the shrimp. The LO and intestine were isolated at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection, and total RNA was extracted. The expression of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN MjToll, and MjTNF was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In the LO, expression levels of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, MjToll, and MjTNF were significantly higher in infected shrimp than in uninfected animals. The intestine of shrimp infected with V. nigripulchritudo exhibited higher expression of MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, and MjTNF than did that of uninfected animals. However, intestinal MjToll expression levels were similar in both groups. These results suggested that MjCrus, MjLyz, MjPEN, MjToll, and MjTNF may play an important role in the immune defense of kuruma shrimp exposed to V. nigripulchritudo.
Key words: Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, innate immune-related gene, infection, Vibrio nigripulchritudo.
Tomoya Kono, Jean Fall, Mahmoud Tanekhy, Toshiaki Itami and Masahiro Sakai*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of cement dust pollution on microbial properties and enzyme activities in cultivated and no-till soils
Serdar Bilen
University of Ataturk, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 25240, Erzurum-Turkey. The Ohio State University, School of Environment and Natural Resources, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +90 442 231 1646. Fax: +90 442 236 0958.
Accepted 12 January, 2018
Abstract
Cement dust pollution is one of the sources of atmospheric pollution. The main impacts of the cement activity to the environment are the broadcasts of dusts and gases. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of cement dust pollution, which was generated by cement plant, on soil microbial population, microbial respiration, and some enzyme activities in cultivated wheat (CT) and no-till (NT) soils. The fields are located at distances of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 km away from the cement plant. In dominant wind direction, three replicated 36 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm and analyzed for chemical, physical and microbiological properties. Soil microbial population and CO2-C production showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation in CT and NT soils. The highest microbial population and CO2-C production was observed at 15 km away from the cement plant in CT and NT soils. Acid phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase enzyme activities of the soils showed significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with distance in CT and NT (r2 = 0.80-0.86; r2 = 0.90 to 0.92; r2 = 0.79 to 0.82, respectively). There was negative correlation between alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and distance in CT and NT (r2 = 0.60, r2 = 0.68; p < 0.05).
Key words: Microbial respiration, CO2-C production, microbial population, cement dust pollution, soil enzyme activity.
Serdar Bilen
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study of sputum and bronchoscopic lavage for acid fast bacilli in patients with pulmonary infections
Azar Dokht Khosravi1,2*, Manigeh Mehdinejad1,2, Alireza Mozzafari3 and Mohammad Hashemzadeh2
1Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran.
2Department. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, AJUMS, Ahvaz, Iran.
3Internal Medicine Ward, Golestan Teaching Hospital, AJUMS, Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 23 January, 2018
Abstract
The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on clinical specimens with different methods. Although there are many diagnostic techniques, such as culture and molecular methods, however, sputum smear microscopy for demonstration of acid fast bacilli remains the most important diagnostic method for tuberculosis in high prevalence countries due to its speed, easy performance, and low cost. The aim of this study was determination of prevalence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in specimens of suspected patients of pulmonary infections. In total, 2872 specimens of sputum and bronchoscopic lavage were collected. For smear preparation, the specimens were decontaminated and processed. Prepared smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining method as per standard guideline and examined under the light microscope for the presence of acid fast bacilli. From total specimens examined, 1726 (60%) were isolated from male patients and 1146 (40%) were from females. One hundred and eighty three (6.4%) were positive for acid fast bacilli. These were identified in 81.4% of sputum specimens and 18.4% of bronchoscopic lavages. The majority of smears were graded as 3+ according to criteria for AFB smear reporting. The results of the present study indicated that Ziehl Neelsen stain is preferable method for all suspected tuberculosis cases in absence of culture.
Key words: Sputum-bronchoscopic lavage, Ziehl Neelsen, acid fast bacilli, tuberculosis.
Alireza Mozzafari and Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Manigeh Mehdinejad, Azar Dokht Khosravi*
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