ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from diseased chickens during 1993-2008 in China
Xiang Chen1,2, Weijuan Pan1, Weiqiu Zhang1, Zhiming Pan1, Song Gao1 and Xinan Jiao1,2*
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
2Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
A total of 363 Escherichia coli and 224 Salmonella spp. were isolated from diseased chickens during 1993-2008 in China. The susceptibility to eight quinolones and prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants was investigated in these isolates. Among the E. coli isolates obtained during 1993-1999, 65.2% were resistant to nalidixic acid, while more than 50% of the E. coli isolates collected during 2000-2008 were resistant to 7 quinolones. All 101 Salmonella spp. isolates obtained during 1993-1999 were susceptible to quinolones, while more than 50% of the Salmonella spp. isolates collected during 2000- 2008 were resistant to only nalidixic acid (82.9%) . Among the 363 E. coli isolates, 4 (1.1%) were positive for aac(6 )-Ib-cr, 3 (0.8%) for qepA and 1 (0.3%) for qnrB10. No PMQR gene was identified in 224 Salmonella spp. isolates. The resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. to quinolones has been increasing in the past twenty years and the resistance of Salmonella spp. was much lower than that of E. coli, although they were separated in the same period. There is a rising trend of avian isolates harboring PMQR genes in China.
Key words: Quinolone resistance, qnr; aac(6 )-Ib-cr; qepA, chicken.
Xiang Chen, Zhiming Pan, Song Gao and Xinan Jiao*, Weijuan Pan, Weiqiu Zhang
Research Article
Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against oral and skin pathogens
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against oral and skin pathogens
Majid Alipour* and Omid Khanmohammadi
Department of microbiology, Islamic Azad University (IAU) - Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Both broth dilution and disc diffusion methods were used to assess the antibacterial activity of these extracts against skin and oral pathogens. Eryngium caucaseum Trautv, Eryngium bungei Boiss and Adiantum capillus-veneris have shown antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis. E. caucaseum Trautv showed the highest inhibition zone (> 30 mm) against S. pyogenes. The growth of S. pyogenes was remarkably inhibited by the ethanolic extract of the three plant extracts.
Key words: Adiantum capilis–veneris, Eryngium bungei Boiss, plant extracts.
Majid Alipour*, Omid Khanmohammadi
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of purified polysaccharide from cultured Cordyceps militaris
Fengyao Wu1, Hui Yan1, Xiaoning Ma1, Junqing Jia1,2, Guozheng Zhang1,2, Xijie Guo1,2 and Zhongzheng Gui1,2*
1Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
2Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
The polysaccharide fraction, CM-hs-CPS2, was isolated from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris grown on solid rice medium by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and purified by ion exchange column (DEAE-cellulose-52) and gel filtration column (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. Its structural characterizations were analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results indicated that CM-hs-CPS2 was a kind of sulfating acidic polysaccharide containing acetamido group. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that CM-hs-CPS2 was composed mainly of mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ration of 1.35: 8.34: 1.00, and linked by α-glycosidic linkage. The studies on antioxidant activities of CM-hs-CPS2 were evaluated by various methods in vitro. Results showed that DPPH· scavenging activity, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity of CM-hs-CPS2 (8 mg/ml) were 89%, 1.188 and 85%, respectively.
Key words: Cordyceps militaris, polysaccharide, structure, bioactivity.
Guozheng Zhang, Xiaoning Ma, Hui Yan, Xijie Guo and Zhongzheng Gui*, Fengyao Wu, Junqing Jia
Review
New chimeric anti-tubercular dendrimers with self-delivering property
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
New chimeric anti-tubercular dendrimers with self-delivering property
Ghazaleh Ghavami and Soroush Sardari*
Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, #69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran.
Accepted 15 February, 2019
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second lethal infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium species. This pathogens could cause severe disease like tuberculosis and leprosy in human. Today there are a number of anti tuberculosis agents utilized in treatment of this disease but multiple drug resistance is one of the major problems that end to failure in treatment. Dendrimers are synthetic, high branched polymers with a number of functional groups that could bind to different macromolecules like drugs, oligosaccharides that makes it appropriate for target drug delivery. Today, some type of dendrimers like Jeffamines are developed possessing self antimicrobial activity. Hypothesis: we propose that combination of ethambutol with 3rd generation of Jeffamine core based dendrimer (P3) and mannose could both create a complex compound with high potency against mycobacterium species that is targeted to macrophages via interaction between lectin receptors on immune cells and mannose molecules on outer branch of P3.
Key words: Tuberculosis, dendrimers, Jeffamines, Mycobacterium, ethambutol
Ghazaleh Ghavami, Soroush Sardari*
Research Article
Differential diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. in gastrointestinal disorder patients in Khorramabad, Iran
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Differential diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. in gastrointestinal disorder patients in Khorramabad, Iran
Farnaz Kheirandish1*, Ebrahim Badparva1, Ali Haghighi2, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad3 and Bahram Kazemi2,4
1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
2Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Foodborne and Diarrhea Disease, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran.
4Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 23 January, 2019
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. has great clinical and epidemiological importance. Entamoeba moshkovskii cysts and trophozoites are morphologically indistinguishable from Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolytica. This study was carried out for the first time to detect Entamoeba spp. in stool samples by using molecular method from April 2010 to December 2010 in Khorramabad, Iran. A total of 862 fecal specimens were collected from patients having abnormal gastrointestinal symptoms and who were referred to the health care centers of Khorramabad. Out of 862 stool samples, 16 (1.86 %) showed the presence of E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii cysts by microscopic examination. Consequently, single-round PCR was carried out to differentiate the Entamoeba spp. OF the sixteen samples that were microscopically positive, 1 (6.25%) was E. moshkovskii, and 15 (93.75%) were E. dispar. Our results, along with those of other similar study conducted in different parts of Iran, reveal that E. dispar is more prevalent.
Key words: Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, single-round PCR, Iran.
Ebrahim Badparva, Ali Haghighi, Farnaz Kheirandish*, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad and Bahram Kazemi
Research Article
Genetic characterization of food-and-mouth disease virus WFL strain
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic characterization of food-and-mouth disease virus WFL strain
Linzhu Ren1, Lin Wang3, Yunzhi Ma4, Xinglong Wang2*
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun, China.
2Department of Animal Food, The 11th Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, China.
3Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second military medical university, No.800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China.
4Heping Campus, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
Accepted 13 February, 2019
Abstract
The complete genome of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain WFL was cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the complete genome was 8155 nucleotides (nt) in length (including the poly(C) tract, but excluding poly(A) tail) and was composed of a 1059-nt 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 6969-nt open reading frame, and a 127-nt 3'-UTR. CRE region of 5’UTR was 55nt with 45.5% of G/C, and had a stem-loop. The stem-loops region of 3’UTR can fold into two stem-loops, SL1 and SL2. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on complete amino acids sequences of WFL strain and reference strains. The strains were divided into 4 clusters. O/ES/2001, HKN/2002, LZ and WFL strain can be divided into one group. It was obvious that WFL strain had a close relationship to LZ strain, which indicated that the WFL strain was of serotype O. There were 16 different deduced amino acid residues between the WFL strain and the LZ strain.
Key words: Food-and-mouth disease virus, sequence, complete genome, untranslated region (UTR).
Linzhu Ren, Yunzhi Ma and Xinglong Wang*, Lin Wang