ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of dietary thymol and carvacrol preparation and/or an organic acid blend on growth performance, digestive organs and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens
Hasan Akyurek and Adem Yel
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with plant extract, either alone or in combination with an organic acid on growth performance, intestinal organ measurements and intestinal microbiology. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain broiler chicken (n=96) were allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet (as a control) (C), (ii) basal diet + organic acid mixture feed (OA), (iii) basal diet + plant extract (PE) and (iv) basal diet + organic acid mixture + plant extract feed (OA+PE). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not improved by supplementation of OA or PE to the diets. Proventriculus, gizzard, hearth, liver, pancreas, abdominal fat and bursa of Fabricious weights were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. OA and PE diets resulted in increased weight and length of duodenum, jejenum, ileum and caceum. However, differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Supplementation of organic acid has positive effect on ileal microbiology. In ileal digesta, LAB and yeast counts were significantly (P<0.001) increased for birds fed OA and PE, whereas Escherichia coli counts were significantly (P<0.001) decreased in OA group. In conclusion, as OA and PE supplementation had any positive effects on the performance. Ileum microflora of OA supplemented group changed for the benefit of non-pathogenic bacteria, probably due to the decrease in pH levels of ileum. E. coli count was found lower for OA treatment than the other groups. These results indicate that the OA can improve gut health. The products that researched show promising effects, however, further researchers may be useful to understand their effects better.
Key words: Broiler, plant extract, thymol, carvacrol, organic acid.
Hasan Akyurek, Adem Yel
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of the VersaTrek and BACTEC MGIT 960 systems for the contamination rate, time of detection and recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens
Pelin Yuksel*, Suat Saribas and Yasar Bagdatli
Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, stanbul, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Turkey.
Accepted 21 January, 2019
Abstract
The most commonly used conventional Lowenstein Jensen (L.J) culture method requires at least 6 to 10 weeks of incubation due to the slow growth rate of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Today, there are liquid automated systems to detect mycobacteria than faster conventional LJ culture method. In this study, we aimed to compare of the VersaTrek system and BACTEC MGIT 960 system for the contamination rate and recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. The recovery rates of mycobacteria were detected as 4% (2/50) for both of the VersaTrek and MGIT 960 systems. No statistically significant difference was detected for the recovery rates of mycobacteria in both of the systems (p>0.05). Two strains were detected on 12 and 15 day in MGIT 960 system. Two strains were detected on 15 and 20 day in VersaTrek system. No statistically significant difference was detected for the time of detection of mycobacteria in both of the systems (p>0.05). The contamination rates were found as 10% (5/50) and 6% (3/50) in MGIT 960 and VersaTrek, systems respectively (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected for the contamination rates for both of the systems. Antituberculosis resistance tests were performed using with antituberculosis agents in MGIT 960 and VersaTrek systems. The two strains were found sensitive against to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol in MGIT 960 system. The two strains were found sensitive against to isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol in VersaTrek system. Streptomycin was not used in VersaTrek system because there is no standardization for streptomycin. We also examined the time of detection of 5 confirmed M. tuberculosis complex members in MGIT 960 and VersaTrek systems. When the time of detection in MGIT 960 and VersaTrek systems were compared, no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). In conclusion, no substantial difference has been observed between MGIT 960 and VersaTrek systems for M. tuberculosis isolation and contamination rate. We believe that VersaTrek media, which is going to be put into use in Turkey, is easy for application and follow up, gives rapid and sensitive results and that it can be used in routine alike MGIT media.
Key words: VersaTrek, MGIT 960, M.tuberculosis.
Suat Saribas and Yasar Bagdatli, Pelin Yuksel*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Surface display of multi-epitopes synthetic gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Salmonella typhi Ty21a using a pgsA anchor protein
Badrul S. M. Zainuddin1*, Mustaffa Musa2 and Zainul F. Zainuddin3
1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia.
3School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
We have developed a recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine candidate (rSTvacIII) displaying a multi-epitopes mycobacterial antigen called the VacIII (containing ubiquitin and 4 immunogenic mycobacterial epitopes of ESAT-6, PhoS1, Hsp 16.3 and MTB 8.4 genes) on the surface of S. typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) using PgsA protein as a carrier. The expression of VacIII protein on the surface of Ty21a was verified by western blot. Immunization in BALB/c mice with rSTvacIII induced strong Th1-type responses based on high level of in vitro IFN- but low IL-4 secretion. Since the protective immunity against tuberculosis is mediated by Th1-type response, the rSTvacIII have potential as effective vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
Key words: VacIII antigen, PgsA anchoring motif, tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi Ty21a.
Mustaffa Musa and Zainul F. Zainuddin, Badrul S. M. Zainuddin*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Virucidal activity of green propolis against avipoxvirus in chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs
Camila O. Vilela1, Geferson Fischer1*, Clarissa C. de Castro1, Cristina F. Nunes1, Silvia O. Hübner1, Margarida B. Raffi2, Simone E. Salles2, Marcos A. Anciuti3 and Gilberto D. Vargas1
1Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
2Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 –96010-900 – Pelotas – RS – Brasil.
3Conjunto Agrotécnico Visconde da Graça, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – CP 354 – 96010-900 – Pelotas– RS – Brasil.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
Recent pandemics caused by virus like influenzavirus (H1N1, H5N1) reaffirm the importance of studies aiming at obtaining new virucidal and/or antiviral substances, once its prolonged use can lead to resistance to the active principles. Green propolis, which has several scientifically proven bioactive properties, was evaluated in this study as an ethanol extract regarding its virucidal capacity against avipoxvirus (APV) inoculated in chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos (CAM). Eggs inoculated with virus and 2400 µg/dose of propolis, previously incubated for four hours, presented reduction in the pox lesions number (p<0.05) in relation to the positive control, besides reduction in the number of intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies and in the vacuolar degeneration score of epithelial cells from mesoderm CAM. After eight hours of incubation with the virus, the same concentration of propolis completely inactivated APV (p<0.0001) and in concentrations ten times lower (240 g/dose) significantly reduced the pox lesion numbers and the histopathology findings (p<0.05) . This product from bees presented virucidal activity depending on the dose and the incubation time with the virus before the inoculation. Although further research is needed, the activity of green propolis against APV can represent a new approach to virucidal or antiviral drugs development.
Key words: Green propolis, virucidal activity, avipoxvirus, chorioallantoic membrane.
Clarissa C. de Castro, Margarida B. Raffi, Simone E. Salles, Silvia O. Hübner, Camila O. Vilela, Marcos A. Anciuti and Gilberto D. Vargas, Cristina F. Nunes, Geferson Fischer*
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Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Effect of Tai Chi exercise on older people with nephritis
Cao Yun1 and Niu Aijun2*
1Department of Sport of Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China.
2Wushu Department, Guangzhou Sport Universtiy, Guangzhou 510500, China.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi exercise on older people with nephritis, 124 older people with nephritis were asked to practice Tai Chi exercise for 40 min once every day. Results showed that Tai Chi” quan exercise significantly decrease high-shear whole blood viscosity, low-shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit (HCT), usea nitrogen, creatinine and creatinine scavenging rate during 12 months of practice. This indicates that Tai Chi exercise is beneficial to prevent and delay nephritis deterioration.
Key words: Tai Chi, nephritis, old people, hematocrit (HCT).
Niu Aijun*, Cao Yun
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of the susceptibility of Candida species isolated from denture wearers to different antifungal antibiotics
Ozlem Abaci* and Alev Haliki-Uztan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the the prevalence of in vitro resistance amongst Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of denture wearers. The in vitro susceptibility of 156 Candida isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5- fluorocytosine, caspofungin and terbinafine was determined. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute’ (CLSI; formally National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) broth microdilution method was used and MIC50 and MIC90 determined. Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated strains, are sensitive to amphotericin (61%) and fluconazole (44%), frequently used agents in the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. A 100% susceptibility to 5- fluorocytosine was observed among the 109 isolates of C. albicans. Among non C. albicans strains only 1 Candida kefyr strain was determined as susceptible dependent upon dose for 5-fluorocytosine. Among Candida glabrata, the second most common isolate, a 100% susceptibility to caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine were observed. Since the isolates are sensitive to Caspofungin and 5-fluorocytosine, rarely used in the treatment of oral fungal infections, it is suggested that these antifungal agents be used as alternative medicine in the treatment of oral infections especially caused by strains resistant to amphotericin B and fluconazole.
Key words: Candida species, antifungal, denture wearers.
Alev Haliki-Uztan, Ozlem Abaci*
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