ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacterial contamination of crockery and cutlery within the kiosks’ restaurants of the Federal University of Technology, Yola
Lynn Maori and Nandita De*
Department of Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences,
Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel:+2348053518540.
Accepted 21 December, 2015
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to determine bacteriological quality of crockery and cutlery of seven restaurants in Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY) kiosk. Samples (147) were collected and cultured in appropriate media and the bacterial isolates were identified according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The result revealed a profile of seven (7) different bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and the species of Shigella, Klebseilla and Bacillus. The total values of bacterial count (TBC per ml) of the samples were in the range of 1.1 x 104 - 3.0 x 105 for cups, 2.2 x 104 - 1.6 x 105 for forks, 1.0 x 104 - 3.3 x 105 for knives, 1.2 x 104 – 2 .5 x 105 for plates and 1.5 x 104 - 4.7 x 105 for spoons cfu/ml. So, it may be concluded that in order to prevent food-borne infection, food inspectors should monitor the hygienic status of the restaurants within FUTY kiosk.
Key words: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebseilla.
ita De*, Lynn Maori, N
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Extracellular leucine aminopeptidase produced by Aspergillus oryzae LL1 and LL2
Shie-Jea Lin, Li-Lin Chen, Chiou-Yen Wen and Wen-Shen Chu*
Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute Hsinchu, Taiwan 30099, Taiwan.
Accepted 17 December, 2015
Abstract
In a screen of 175 fungal strains, Aspergillus oryzae LL1 and LL2 were identified as having the highest extracellular leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. LAP activity was optimal when A. oryzae LL1 was subjected to submerged fermentation with an inoculum size of 105 spores per ml and an agitation of 100 rpm at 30°C in media containing defatted soybean and rice husk with a pH of 4.5 for 72 h. Partial characterization of A. oryzae LL1 LAP revealed that it could be greatly inhibited by 2 mmol L-1 of Pb2+, Cu2+, or Fe2+. In contrast, 2 mmol L-1 Zn2+ stimulated LAP activity about one-fold compared to adding 30 mmol L-1 zinc increased DH to 33.3% for LAP LL1 during a piolot plant scale experiment hydrolysis of chopped chicken breast meat (Lin et al., 2008; Eur Food Res. Technol., 2008) . To determine the stability of A. oryzae LL1 LAP, the samples were stored at -80, -20, 4 and 25°C for eight weeks with residual activities being reduced to 84, 72, 61 and 58%, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that A. oryzae, LL1 LAP has tremendous potential for use in the food industry.
Key words: leucine aminopeptidase, Aspergillus oryzae, culture conditions, fermentation, Zn2+.
Li-Lin Chen, Shie-Jea Lin, Chiou-Yen Wen and Wen-Shen Chu*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Association of IGF-1 gene polymorphism with milk production traits and paternal genetic trends in Iranian Holstein bulls
Yousef Mehmannavaz1*, Cyrus Amirinia2, Mortaza Bonyadi3 and Rasoul Vaez Torshizi4
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
3Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 12 November, 2015
Abstract
The effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 polymorphism were examined on milk production traits and genetic trends in the Iranian Holstein bulls. A total of 282 bulls were genotyped for SnaBI restriction site in the 5' flanking region of IGF-1 by applying PCR-RFLP method. The allele frequencies for C and T alleles were 0.562 and 0.438, respectively. The results indicated that genetic variants at the 5'-noncoding region of the bovine IGF-1 gene had a marked effect on estimated breeding values of milk (EBVM) and fat yields (EBVF). The heterozygous bulls (CT genotype) had higher EBVM and EBVF than homozygous bulls (P < 0.1) . The average substitution effects of alleles were not significant for none of studied traits (P > 0.1). The studied polymorphism of IGF-1 showed no significant association with genetic trends of milk related traits (P > 0.1). These results suggest that allelic interaction in IGF-1 polymorphism as over dominance and might be effectiveness in animal improving by crossbreeding.
Key words: IGF-1, polymorphism, Holstein, genetic trend.
Yousef Mehmannavaz*, Cyrus Amirinia, Mortaza Bonyadi and Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Periodic changes in Prosopis cineraria associated AM population at different soil depth and its relationship with organic carbon and soil moisture
Neelam Verma1, J. C. Tarafdar2* and K. K. Srivastava1
1Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan, India.
2Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003, Rajasthan, India.
Accepted 24 August, 2015
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore population was studied at eight levels of soil depth under two different sites viz., P. cineraria under agro forestry area (with moong bean) and P. cineraria as sole crop at four different quarters of the year (July, October, January, April). In agro forestry areas the spore population recorded higher as compared to P. cineraria grown as sole crop. The upper layer (0-30 cm) contains more number of AMF population in comparison to deeper layers. The trend in decrease of spore population to soil depth was as follows: 11 - 20 cm > 0 - 10 cm > 21 - 30 cm > 31 - 40 cm > 41 - 50 cm > 51 - 60 cm > 61 - 70 cm > 71 - 80 cm. AMF population was also correlated with organic carbon content at different soil depths. The per cent organic carbon content varied between sites and among the soil depths. The more organic carbon content was recorded at upper layers and decreasing towards deeper layers. The maximum moisture content was found in first quarter, that is, in month of July and minimum in fourth quarter, that is, in April. However, spore population was positively correlated with soil organic matter throughout the year but not with soil moisture. The results demonstrated that status of AMF population under P. cineraria depends on soil depth, soil organic carbon, soil moisture content and the site of plantation.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, organic carbon content, Prosopis cineraria, soil depth, soil moisture.
J. C. Tarafdar* and K. K. Srivastava, Neelam Verma
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of particulate materials on lactic fermentation of new local white variety cassava (“Bianbasse”) using both spontaneous and starter culture
I. A. Adetunde1*, A. A. Onilude2 and L. A. Adetunde3
1University of Mines and Technology, Department of Mathematics, Tarkwa, Ghana.
2University of Ibadan, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Ibadan. Oyo State, Nigeria.
3University for Development studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biology, Navrongo Campus, Ghana, UER.
Accepted 9 September, 2014
Abstract
The effect of particulate materials on lactic fermentation of cassava using both spontaneous and starter culture - Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. The mean value counts during spontaneous fermentation, the total dissolved loads in all the samples, the total reducing sugars of all samples, the microbial loads in all the samples, the contents of crude protein, crude fibre, ash contents, ether extract, phytic acid and tannin were determined. All samples had an increase in lactic acid bacteria counts through out the fermenting time of 72 h than total bacteria counts in all samples. Sample A had the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria but total bacteria counts in sample A showed decrease in their counts. Sample C had an increase in both lactic acid bacterial and total bacteria counts. Other samples with added particulate materials showed corresponding increase in lactic acid bacteria counts compare to total bacteria counts. There was corresponding increase in total dissolved solids of sample containing varying concentrations of particulate materials ranging from 300 - 2500 mg/l. Total reducing sugar content for the samples ranged from 3.0 - 6.4 mg/l. Sample A had the highest total reducing sugar of 6.4 mg/l at 72 h of fermentation while sample C had the lowest value of 4.8 mg/l. Sample A inoculated with starter culture and other samples with supplemented materials, sample A1, A2 and A3 had an increase in crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat/ether, phytic acid and tannin content than sample C which was not inoculated.
Key words: Particulate materials, samples.
I. A. Adetunde*, A. A. Onilude and L. A. Adetunde
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioactivity of essential oil from Ailanthus altissima bark against 4 major stored-grain insects
Jianhua Lu* and Shuhui Wu
School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Accepted 17 December, 2014
Abstract
The essential oil was extracted by Soxhlet method with anhydrous diethyl ether from Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) bark, a traditional Chinese herbal plant and its repellent, contact and fumigant activities were investigated against four major stored grain insects. A. altissima bark oil significantly repelled Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) adults, with the repellency value reaching IV grade or stronger during the whole exposure period. A. altissima bark oil also pos-sessed strong contact toxicity on S. oryzae adults which gradually enhanced with increased exposure time and the corrected percentage mortality reached 76.5% after 72 h treatment. Furthermore, A. altissima bark oil had high fumigant activity against O. surinamensis and S. oryzae adults with the corrected percentage mortality 99.3 and 81.9% within 24 h, respectively.
Key words: Ailanthus altissima bark, essential oil, stored-grain insects, bioactivity.
Shuhui Wu, Jianhua Lu*
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