ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Survey beta lactamase production and resistance pattern into beta lactame antibiotics in Bacillus cereus strain isolated from staff hands and hospital environment in Iran
Shilla Jalalpoor
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Shahreza Branch, Membership of Young Researchers Club, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 24 March, 2019
Abstract
Hospital infection is one of the important agent morbidity and mortality in patient. Bacillus cereus is one of the bacteria that cause nosocomial infection. Hospital surfaces and staff hands have important to creation nosocomial infections. Hospital surfaces have potentional capacity to carry bacteria and staff hands are the most reason for the transmission of bacteria to hospital. The present study was performed at one tertiary care hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. During a 30 month period. According to statistical formula, randomly selected 328 samples were needed for study, that from this samples 164 samples was environmental and 164 samples was clinical. Environmental and staff hands samples respectively were randomly selected from different ward of hospital and fingerprint technique, then samples cultured on Blood agar and EMB and were examined by Kirby Bauer Antibiogram and Acidimetric test. Of 328 samples, 21 samples was B. cereus. According to the result the prevalence of B. cereus was 6.4% (p=0.56) so, antibiotic resistance in B. cereus strain for Penicillin, Cefotaxime and Ampicillin were respectively 81, 47.6 and 19%. According to Acidimetric test 100% of isolated B. cereus strains from environmental, and 92.30% from staff hands product –Lactamase. Result demonstrate high prevalence of resistance to –Lactamase antibiotics B. cereus strain. One of the reason to create antibiotic resistant in bacteria is to increase contact of Bacteria.
Key words: Bacillus cereus, –lactamase, antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infection, staff hands, hospital surfaces.
Shilla Jalalpoor
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Immunogenicity of envelope GP5 protein displayed on baculovirus and protective efficacy against virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge in piglets
Zhisheng Wang1a, Xingang Xu1a, Hungjen Liu2, Zhaocai Li1, Li Ding1, Gaoshui Yu1, Dan Xu1 and Dewen Tong1*
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China.
2Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Accepted 12 March, 2019
Abstract
In the present study, one recombinant baculovirus BacSC-GP5, expressing His6-tagged GP5 with the transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic domain (CTD) derived from baculovirus envelope protein gp64, was constructed and its immunogenicity and protective efficiency was evaluated in piglets. The results obtained show that, His6-tagged recombinant GP5 was expressed and anchored on the plasma membrane of Sf-9 cells, as revealed by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that, the GP5 glycoprotein was displayed successfully on the viral surface. Piglets immunized with BacSC-GP5 induced successfully GP5-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody, neutralizing antibody and lymphocyte proliferation response at 6 weeks after primary immunization. An in vivo challenge result indicated that piglets immunized with BacSC-GP5 did not show any obvious clinical signs and histological changes, and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) also indicated that the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) viral load from the serum in BacSC-GP5 group was significantly reduced at 14 and 21 days post-challenge compared to that in the negative control group. These results indicate that baculovirus-mediated gene delivery can be utilized as an alternative strategy to develop a new generation of vaccine against PRRSV infection.
Key words: Baculovirus surface display, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), GP5 protein, immunogenicity, protective efficacy.
Zhaocai Li, Xingang Xu, Dan Xu and Dewen Tong*, Zhisheng Wang, Li Ding, Hungjen Liu, Gaoshui Yu
Research Article
Purification and characterization of bacteriocin isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Purification and characterization of bacteriocin isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus
Aslam M.1*, Shahid M.1, Rehman F. U.2, Naveed N. H.3, Batool A. I.3, Sharif S.1 and Asia A.1,
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Accepted 11 February, 2019
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is used primarily as starter cultures to counter the harmful bacteria grown in cheese and yogurt making/preservation processes. These bacteria produce some exogenous toxins called bacteriocins having the antimicrobial activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In our study S. thermophilus growth was obtained at pH 5.5 and temperature 40°C. Bacteriocin activities were checked after their treatment with different enzymes, organic solvents, sodium chloride (NaCl) and detergents as well as their heat stability and effect of pH was studied. Bacteriocin activity was found heat stable at 100°C for 30 min and was found stable in the 3-10 pH range but lost the activity after the treatment with proteinase-K and protease enzymes. Activity was lost in treatment with lipase and amylase which shows the presence of lipo-glycolated peptide. Bacteriocin activity was lost on the presence of Dithiothreitol (DTT) and β-mercaptoethanol which showed the presence of disulphide bond present in bacteriocin and essential for its activity. Urea and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) also affected the bacteriocin activity but found stable to survive in the presence of 6% NaCl. Antibacterial assay showed the strong growth inhibition of test bacteria. Bactericidal activity was further purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and different chromatographic techniques. Molecular weight was calculated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as 2.7 kDa.
Key words: Streptococcus thermophilus, bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptide, yogurt culture bacteriocin, disc diffusion test.
Shahid M, Aslam M*, Rehman F. U, Naveed N. H, Batool A. I, Sharif S and Asia A
Research Article
Optimized antibacterial measures against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimized antibacterial measures against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus
Raftari, M.1, Azizi Jalilian F.2, Abdulamir, A. S.2,3, Sobhan Ghafurian2, Radu S.1, Sekawi Z.2, Abu Bakar F.1*
1Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Alnahrain Univerty, Faculty of Medicine, 14222, Iraq.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Varied mixtures of different concentrations 1, 1.5 and 2% of acetic (AA), lactic (LA), propionic (PA) and formic (FA) acids at 1:1 ratio were spray- washed on inoculated meat to evaluate their efficacy in reducing loads of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus on meat tissue. It was found that increasing the concentration of the used organic acids increased the bacterial lethality proportionally. And significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the lethal effect of different mixtures and concentrations of the used organic acids. As a novel combination, FA treatments as combinations with AA, LA, and PA, especially FA with LA, reduced bacterial loads greatly, up to 3 logs cfu/ml and eradicated inoculated bacteria, E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus completely within 3-6 days. This reduction was higher than that incurred by other combinations. Significantly, higher log reductions by the used organic acids were obtained for S. aureus than for E. coli O157:H7. It was concluded that the combination of LA and FA treatment was a highly promising, feasible, and economical method of decontaminating meat surface from both E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus bacteria. Moreover, it is safe if compared with other approaches.
Key words: Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, organic acid, sterilization, meat.
Radu S, Sekawi Z and Abu Bakar F*, M , Abdulamir , Azizi Jalilian F, Raftari , Sobhan Ghafurian, A. S
Review
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Current understanding of de novo synthesis of bacterial lipid carrier (undecaprenyl phosphate): More enzymes to be discovered
Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker* and Prasit Palittapongarnpim
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
Accepted 09 February, 2019
Abstract
An isoprenoid named undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-p) is the only known lipid carrier in bacteria. It is involved in the translocation of hydrophilic intermediates of cell wall components across the hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane for subsequent polymerization in cell wall synthesis. Und-p is made available by both de novo synthesis and recycling. Evidences are emerging that in addition to dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (Und-pp), the phosphorylation of undecaprenol (Und-OH) into Und-p exists as an alternative pathway in Gram-positive bacteria but not in Gram-negative bacteria. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge in the synthesis of Und-p. It also hypothesizes the presence of yet to be identified Und-pp phosphatases at the inner cytoplasmic membrane that function in addition to a known phosphatase, named undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase (Upp-P) in de novo synthesis of Und-p. As the processes involved in cell wall synthesis remains the most promising antimicrobial therapeutic means, a more thorough understanding of the synthesis of the bacterial lipid carrier will not only improve the knowledge of cell wall synthesis but may also lead to the identification of potential drug targets and vaccine candidates.
Key words: Lipid carrier, undecaprenyl phosphate, undecaprenol, undecaprenol kinase, cell wall synthesis.
Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker*, Prasit Palittapongarnpim
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Intensive Care Unit and Otolaryngology Department of a Tunisian hospital
Karim Ben Slama1, Skander Gharbi1, Ahlem Jouini 1, Meriem Maarouf1, Chedlia Fendri2, Abdellatif Boudabous1 and Maher Gtari1*
1Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
2Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital la Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.
Accepted 05 April, 2019
Abstract
Ninety four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (N= 37) and Otolaryngology (ORL) (N= 57) during one year (2001-2002) at the Rabta hospital (Tunisia) have been investigated by using serotyping, pyocintyping, drug susceptibility, M13-PCR and PFGE typing. Result shown that most of the isolates at the ICU belonged to serotype O:12 (11/37) that showed high resistance to commonly used antimicrobials ( -lactamins, aminosids, and quinolone) and a predominance for pyocinotype P10. Despite the frequent occurrence of identical serotypes and pyocinotypes, most of the isolates represent unique RAPD-M13 genotype (88/94). PFGE typing detected three distinct clusters amongst the O12 isolates, suggesting a clonal relatedness among multiresistant O12 isolates. This study illustrates the importance of phenotypic and genotypic epidemiological surveillance of predominant O12 serotype clones in such service in local hospital.
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, epidemiology, clonal diffusion, multidrug resistance.
Abdellatif Boudabous and Maher Gtari*, Karim Ben Slama, Meriem Maarouf, Skander Gharbi, Chedlia Fendri, Ahlem Jouini